相对湿度对不同载体的负载Cu催化剂催化燃烧甲苯的影响

The copper based catalysts, CuO/γ-Al2O3, CuO/γ-Al2O3-cordierite (Cord) and CuO/Cord, were prepared by impregnation method. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in absence and presence of water vapor, and the catalysts were characterized. Temperature program desorption (TPD) experiments of toluene and water on the catalysts were carried out. The influence of water vapor on the activity of the catalysts was discussed. Results showed that addition of the water vapor has a significant negative effect on the catalytic activity of the catalysts. The higher the concentration of the water vapor in feed steam was, the lower the catalytic activity of the copper based catalysts became, which could be mainly ascribed to the competition of water molecules with toluene molecules for adsorption on the catalyst surfaces. TPD experiments showed that the strength of the interaction between water mole-cules and three catalysts followed the order: CuO/γ-Al2O3>CuO/γ-Al2O3-Cord>CuO/Cord. As a consequence of that, the degree of degradation in the catalytic activity of these three catalysts by the water vapor followed the order: CuO/γ-Al2O3>CuO/γ-Al2O3-Cord>CuO/Cord. However, the negative effect of the water vapor was reversible.     

Preparation of ZSM-5 containing vanadium and Brønsted acid sites with high promoting of styrene oxidation using 30% H2O2

Design and synthesis of low cost and efficacious industrial catalyst for the oxidation of styrene has been an important research project. Herein, ZSM-5 zeolite containing tetrahedral vanadium(V) and Br?nsted acid sites(V-H-ZSM-5)was prepared, and identified by characterizations such as XRD, SEM, UV–vis, NH_3-TPD, H_2-TPR N_2-adsorption/desorption and FTIR. V-H-ZSM-5 performed extremely enhanced catalytic activity for the oxidation of styrene with 30% H_2O_2 at 40 °C. Moreover, in-situ FTIR spectrum was used to investigate the catalytic mechanism. The results demonstrate that Br?nsted acid site could not only increase the adsorption concentration of styrene in the micropores of V-H-ZSM-5 via the π complex interaction between double bond of styrene and Br?nsted acid sites, but also increase the oxidation potential of H_2O_2. The synergetic action of tetrahedral vanadium(V) and Br?nsted acid enhanced the catalytic activity for the oxidation of styrene with 30% H_2O_2. Impressively, V-H-ZSM-5 performed high reusability within five runs at a low reaction temperature(40 °C) for the first time.     

Structure,characterization, and dynamic performance of a wet air oxidation catalyst Cu–Fe–La/γ-Al_2O_3

A Cu–Fe–La/γ-Al_2O_3(CFLA) catalyst was prepared by the excessive impregnation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that the catalyst contained mostly Cu~(2+), Fe~(3+), and La~(3+)and a small amount of Cu~+, Fe~(2+), and La. The active components were uniformly distributed in the catalyst, and the particle size of the components was approximately 7.5 nm. The CFLA catalyst was used for the treatment of methyl orange(MO) solution by catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO), and it exhibited a high catalytic activity. The catalytic reaction involved variable valence states of metals and free-radical reaction mechanism. The CWAO reaction of MO solution was fitted by a segmented first-order dynamic model, and the rapid reaction apparent activation energy was 13.9 k J·mol~(-1).     

Hydrogen production from steam reforming of methanol over CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts: Catalytic performance and kinetic modeling

A series of CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3, CuO/ZnO/ZrO_2/Al_2O_3 and CuO/ZnO/CeO_2/Al_2O_3 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by N_2 adsorption, XRD, TPR, N_2O titration and HRTEM. The catalytic performances of these catalysts for the steam reforming of methanol were evaluated in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 0.1 MPa and temperatures between 473 and 543 K. The results showed that the catalytic activity depended greatly on the catalyst reducibility and the specific surface area of Cu. An approximate linear correlation between the catalytic activity and the Cu surface area was found for all catalysts investigated in this study.Compared to CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3, the ZrO_2-doped CuO/ZnO/Al_2O_3 exhibited higher activity and selectivity to CO,while the CeO_2-doped catalyst displayed lower activity and selectivity. Finally, an intrinsic kinetic study was carried out over a screened CuO/ZnO/CeO_2/Al_2O_3 catalyst in the absence of internal and external mass transfer effects. A good agreement was observed between the model-derived effluent concentrations of CO(CO_2) and the experimental data. The activation energies for the reactions of methanol-steam reforming, water-gas shift and methanol decomposition over CuO/ZnO/CeO_2/Al_2O_3 were 93.1, 85.1 and 116.5 k J·mol~(-1), respectively.     

Synthesis and catalytic activity of SBA-15 supported catalysts for styrene oxidation

Cu(II) and Mn(II) metals embedded on mesoporous SBA-15 were synthesized by co-precipitation technique.The support and catalysts were characterized by SEM–EDX,TEM,BET,XRD and ICP-AES methods.The catalytic activity of these catalysts was evaluated for styrene oxidation at various reaction conditions such as styrene to TBHP mole ratio,temperature,catalyst amount by using TBHP as an oxidizing agent.Major reaction products were styrene oxide and benzaldehyde and highest styrene conversion(97.3%) was observed at styrene to TBHP mole ratio of 1:4,temperature at 80 °C and 20 mg of catalyst.Further,the recyclability of the catalysts was observed and found that they can be recycled three times without major loss in their activity and selectivity.     

钌基氨合成催化剂氢氮吸附性能的研究

The effects of promoters K, Ba, Sm on the chemisorption and desorption of hydrogen and nitrogen, dispersion of metallic Ru and catalytic activity of active carbon (AC) supported ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis have been studied by means of pulse chromatography, temperature-programmed desorption, and activity test. Promoters K, Ba and Sm increased the activity of Ru/AC catalysts for ammonia synthesis significantly, and particularly, potassium exhibited the best promotion on the activity because of the strong electronic donation to metallic Ru. Much higher activity can be obtained for Ru/AC catalyst with binary or triple promoters. The activity of Ru/AC catalyst is dependent on the adsorption of hydrogen and nitrogen. The high activity of catalyst could be ascribed to strong dissociation of nitrogen on the catalyst surface. Strong adsorption of hydrogen would inhibit the adsorption of nitrogen, resulted in decrease of the catalytic activity. Ru/AC catalyst promoted by Sm2O3 shows the best dispers     

抑制碳负载钌基氨合成催化剂甲烷化的研究

The effects of promoters K, Ba, Sm on the resistance to carbon-methanation and catalytic activity of ruthenium supported on active carbon (Ru/AC) for ammonia synthesis have been studied by means of TG-DTG (thermalgravity-differential thermalgravity), temperature-programmed desorption, and activity test. Promoters Ba,K, and Sm increased the activity of Ru/AC catalysts for ammonia synthesis significantly. Much higher activity can be reached for Ru/AC catalyst with bi- or tri-promoters. Indeed, the triply promoted catalyst showed the highest activity, coupled to a surprisingly high resistance to methanation. The ability of resistance of promoter to methanation of Ru/AC catalyst is dependent on the adsorption intensity of hydrogen. The strong adsorption of hydrogen would enhance methanation and impact the adsorption of nitrogen, which results in the decrease of catalytic activity.     

Ni-mediated Liquid Phase Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds in the Presence of Atmospheric Hydrogen

An efficient reduction system of benzaldehyde with hydrogen under ambient pressure was developed using facile NiO catalyst. The non-aromatic solvents such as cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran （THF） and n-hexane, and the additive with strong basicity e.g. KOH, were necessary for smooth conversion of the substrate. That the catalyst can be recovered and reused for nine times without loss of catalytic activity indicates that this catalyst is a recyclable one for benzaldehyde reduction.     

Cobalt catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: The effect of support,precipitant and pH value

In this report,Co-based catalysts supported on ZnO,Al_2O_3 and ZrO_2 as well as the ZrO_2 derived from different precipitants and different pH values were prepared by co-precipitation method.Their catalytic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis(FTS)performance was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor.The results revealed that Co catalyst supported on ZrO_2 exhibited better FTS catalytic performance than that supported on ZnO or Al_2O_3.For the Co/ZrO_2catalyst,different precipitants showed the following an activity order of NaOHNa_2CO_3NH_4OH,and the best pH value is 13.The catalysts were characterized by N_2adsorption–desorption,XRF,XRD,H_2-TPR,H_2-TPD and TEM.It was found that the main factor affecting the CO conversion of the catalyst was the amounts of low-temperature active adsorption sites.Moreover,the selectivity of C_5~+hydrocarbons had a positive relationship with the peak temperature of the weak hydrogen adsorption sites.The higher the peak temperature,the higher the C_5~+selectivity is.     

The cooperation effect of Ni and Pt in the hydrogenation of acetic acid

The catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acid to alcohols is one of the important strategies for the conversion of biomass.Herein,a series of Ni-doped PtSn catalysts were prepared,characterized and studied in the hydrogenation of acetic acid.The Ni dopant has a strong interaction with Pt,which promotes the hydrogen adsorption,providing an activated hydrogen-rich environment for the hydrogenation.Meanwhile,the presence of Ni also improves the Pt dispersion,giving more accessible active sites for hydrogen activation.The cooperation of Pt and Ni significantly promotes the catalytic activity of the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol.As a result,the catalyst with 0.1%Ni exhibits the best reaction activity,and its space time yield is twice as that of the PtSn/SiO2 catalyst.It provides a meaningful instruction on the catalyst design for the carboxylic acid hydrogenation.     

溶剂和竞争吸附剂对PtSnK/γ-Al2O3异丁烷脱氢催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积共浸渍法制备PtSnK/γ-Al₂O₃异丁烷脱氢催化剂,研究不同溶剂（水、丙酮、乙醇和乙醚）和竞争吸附剂（盐酸、醋酸和草酸）对催化剂性能的影响,采用低温N₂吸附、XRD、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以乙醇为配制活性组分浸渍液的溶剂、草酸为竞争吸附剂制备的PtSnK/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化性能最佳,草酸不仅能使Pt和Sn更好地分散在载体表面,而且能促进K与载体的相互作用,增强催化剂活性。     

双金属RhAux/γ - Al203催化剂的CO催化氧化反应活性

采用超声辅助膜扩散法制备了双金属RhAu/γ- Al2O3催化剂(x=0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0),研究了该系列催化剂的CO催化氧化反应活性.采用程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、原位DRIFTS和电子透射显微镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂的结构、形貌和物化性能进行了表征.结果表明,双金属Rh...     

高比表面积Pd纤维催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

制备了PdO/CeO2/γ- Al2 O3/Al2 O3 - SiO2纤维催化剂,考察了CeO2掺杂对催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.结果表明,掺杂质量分数0.05％ CeO2,催化剂活性最好,甲烷完全转化温度为385℃.BET比表面积测定结果显示,γ- Al2 O3的加入极大提高了纤维的比表面积;氧气程序升温脱附实验结...     

Pd/γ-Al2O3催化降解苯的研究

针对苯在Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的催化降解过程,研究了预处理方式对Pd/γ-Al2O3催化活性的影响,考察了其稳定性,并与Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了比较。通过BET和XPS对不同预处理方式下的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明:预处理方式对于催化剂活性有明显影响,相比H2,反应气预处理也可以提高催化剂的催化性能,并使操作过程简化;与Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3相比,Pd/γ-Al2O3同样具有良好的催化稳定性。当空速为3 000 h-1,催化降解反应持续120 h后,苯降解率仍维持在99.6%以上。     

催化酯交换合成顺-3-水杨酸己烯酯的研究

采用K_2CO_3/γ-Al_2O_3固体碱为催化剂,以水杨酸甲酯和顺-3-己烯醇为主要原料经催化酯交换合成了顺-3-水杨酸己烯酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酯比、反应温度和时间以及催化剂重复使用次数对反应收率的影响,结果表明K_2CO_3/γ-Al_2O_3固体碱对本反应有较高的催化活性,在优化工艺下反应收率可达87%以上,催化剂经回收处理后可重复使用。     

LiLaNiO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上甲烷加压部分氧化制合成气

考察LiLaNiO_x/γ—Al_2O_3催化剂对甲烷加压[(0.2～1.0)MPa]部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能。结果表明,LiLaNiO_x/γ—Al_2O_3催化剂具有优良的甲烷部分氧化催化性能,在850℃和1.0 MPa条件下,甲烷转化率和CO选择性分别达76.2%和82.5%。在100 h连续实验中,反应活性及选择性保持不变,显示出较高的催化稳定性。采用XRD、XPS和TG—DTA方法对反应前后催化剂的晶体结构、表面性能以及抗积炭性能进行表征,结果表明,LiLaNiO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂具有较高的结构稳定性和抗积炭性能。     

氧化铝基载体组成对钴基催化剂结构和费-托合成催化性能的影响

以γ-Al2O3为原料制备Ni-γ-Al2O3、Zn-γ-Al2O3和Al2O3载体,并采用等容浸渍法制备了钴基费-托合成用催化剂。结果表明:高温焙烧使氧化铝晶型和孔结构发生较大变化;镍添加后在载体表面形成高分散的氧化镍物种;而锌添加后与载体发生反应生成了铝酸锌;负载型催化剂中,四氧化三钴粒径大小主要取决于载体孔结构。CoPt/γ-Al2O3、CoPt/Zn-γ-Al2O3、CoPt/Ni-γ-Al2O3具有相近的费-托合成催化性能,而CoPt/Al2O3呈现出最高的催化活性和最低的甲烷选择性。表明,钴物种粒径和载体结构是影响催化剂费-托合成催化性能的主要因素。     

催化湿式氧化中负载型催化剂制备

采用浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂CuO/γ-Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3/γ—Al_2O_3,以甲基橙为代表化合物,考察了制备因素对催化活性的影响,结果表明,CuO/γ-Al_2O_3的活性高于Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3,催化湿式氧化甲基橙2 h,脱色率接近100%。正交试验和稳定性研究表明,焙烧温度对催化活性影响较大,350℃焙烧,催化剂活性组分Cu溶出较少,且重复使用情况较好。采用SEM和XRD等手段对CuO/γ-Al_2O_3进行表征,发现其活性组分分散度良好。     

低成本合成介孔ZSM-5沸石及其负载CoMo催化剂的加氢脱硫活性

以廉价的水玻璃、硫酸铝为原料,以阳离子聚季铵盐为介观尺度模板剂,通过水热合成方法制备了较高结晶度的介孔ZSM-5沸石(MZSM-5)。采用等体积浸渍法制备MZSM-5负载CoMo金属硫化物催化剂(CoMo/MZSM-5),考察了其对4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫活性。与传统的γ-Al2O3负载的CoMo(CoMo/γ-Al2O3)催化剂相比,CoMo/MZSM-5表现出更高的加氢脱硫活性。     

助剂对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性和抗水合性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同种类助剂改性的Ni-M/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,通过XRD、低温氮气物理吸附和FT-IR等手段对改性前后的催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂在1,4-丁炔二醇加氢反应中的活性和抗水合性能。结果表明,在所选助剂中,SiO₂的引入使催化剂维持了较高的加氢活性,同时,显著提高了Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的抗水合性能,γ-Al₂O₃表面Si-O-Al的形成是SiO₂抑制γ-Al₂O₃发生水合的直接原因。