微波-Fenton氧化法处理焦化废水研究

用微波-Fenton氧化法深度处理焦化废水,研究了微波处理时间、微波功率、FeSO4投加量、H2O2投加量、H2O2投加次数和pH值的影响。实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:废水pH为3,FeSO4投加量为300mg/L,H2O2总投加量为900mg/L,H2O2分3次投加,微波功率500W,温度设为50℃,反应时间为30min。废水浊度、色度和COD去除率分别为97.59%、95.62%、86.21%。处理后的废水澄清透明,剩余COD为50.34mg/L,浊度、色度和COD达到工业回用水标准。     

非均相Fenton技术氧化降解废水中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺

采用浸渍法制备了活性炭负载型Fe/C催化剂,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂处理废水中的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。探讨了溶液初始p H值、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量和反应温度等因素对DMF去除率的影响。结果表明,对于DMF浓度为1 000 mg/L的废水,在初始p H值为2.5,H2O2投加量为3.0 g/L,催化剂投加量为6.0 g/L和反应温度为30℃的处理条件下,反应60 min,溶液化学需氧量(COD)的去除率可达到60%以上,且溶液中Fe离子浸出浓度仅为0.7 mg/L。该催化剂具有较好的稳定性,可回收使用,使用5次,溶液COD的去除率仍能达到45%以上。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化氧化深度处理造纸废水

以等体积浸渍法制备了负载型Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,分别采用XRD、SEM和BET对催化剂结构进行了表征。研究了Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化氧化深度处理造纸废水的工艺,分别考察了反应温度、催化剂加入量、H2O2加入量等因素对造纸废水降解效果的影响,得出较佳的催化氧化处理造纸废水的工艺条件。在反应温度为70℃,催化剂投加质量浓度为2.5 g/L,H2O2投加质量浓度为3.7 g/L,pH=8.10,反应时间90 min条件下,造纸废水COD去除率可达86.2%,脱色率达到98.6%以上。催化剂稳定性高,铁离子析出质量浓度为0.08 mg/L,对反应影响可以忽略。     

Cu/C-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化印染废水

采用浸渍-焙烧法制备了Cu/C-Al2O3。以Cu/C-Al2O3为催化剂,臭氧为氧化剂,对印染废水进行了催化臭氧化处理,考察了催化剂投加量、氧化剂浓度、pH和反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明:当pH为9,催化剂投加量为10 g/L,O3质量浓度为55 mg/L,反应时间为60 min时,COD去除率达到60%,色度去除率达到96%。     

Fenton高级氧化法深度处理焦化生化废水的实验研究

采用硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢所构成的Fenton试剂,对经生化处理后的焦化废水进行Fenton高级氧化深度处理,重点考察了废水初始pH,FeSO4·7H2O、H2O2及PAM投加量对焦化生化废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,采用Fenton高级氧化法可使经生化处理后的焦化废水中的COD、NH3-N和色度得到进一步有效去除。对于中等浓度的焦化生化废水,较适宜的Fenton氧化工艺条件:废水初始pH为8~10,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为500 mg/L,H2O2投加量为3.5 mL/L,PAM投加量为4.0 mg/L。在此条件下,COD、NH3-N和色度的去除率分别可达85.9%、97.3%和84.6%。     

混凝-非均相Fenton氧化法深度处理染色漂洗废水研究

采用混凝-非均相Fenton氧化法对某印染厂的染色漂洗废水进行处理,在聚合硫酸铁的混凝作用和黄铁矿作催化剂的非均相Fenton的催化氧化作用下,废水中的污染物得到有效去除。考察了混凝剂投加量、混凝初始pH值、H2O2投加量、氧化初始pH值、黄铁矿投加量及黄铁矿的重复利用等因素对污染物降低效果的影响,研究了黄铁矿催化氧化过程中铁离子形态和浓度变化过程。结果表明,在混凝剂投加量为120 mg/L、混凝初始pH值为7、H2O2投加量为0.12 m L/L、氧化初始pH值为3、黄铁矿投加量为2.5 g/L、氧化反应时间为1 h的条件下,CODCr总去除率达81%,TOC总去除率达67%。黄铁矿重复利用性能良好,具有很好的工程应用性。     

Ni_2O_3-MnO_2-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3非均相催化剂处理甲基橙废水研究

以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,采用浸渍法自制负载型Ni_2O_3-MnO_2-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3非均相催化剂,利用EDS、SEM和XPS等表征手段对催化剂的表面形貌、组成元素等进行表征。结果表明负载的活性组分颗粒大小趋于均匀,分散性和比表面积明显提高。将制备的催化剂用于处理甲基橙模拟的印染废水,考察了氧化剂次氯酸钠投加量、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂投加量和溶液p H等因素对降解甲基橙的影响,得出最佳的反应工艺为:25℃时,次氯酸钠投加量0.1 mL、催化剂投加量5 g、pH值为6、反应5 min,此条件下体积100 mL,浓度为20 mg/L甲基橙的降解率可达98.5%。     

湿式催化氧化法处理含酚清洗废水的研究

针对化工集装罐清洗废水中含酚废水浓度大的特点,采用湿式催化氧化法进行了较深入的研究。对硝酸铜-AC制备CuO/AC催化剂过程中的浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等影响因素进行探讨;用该催化剂催化氧化降解模拟苯酚废水,对反应温度、氧化剂投加量、催化剂投加量、反应时间等工艺参数进行优化,确定最佳反应条件并进行了应用研究。研究结果表明,硝酸铜-AC制备CuO/AC催化剂的最佳条件为:硝酸铜质量分数为3%,浸渍温度为30℃,浸渍时间为6 h,焙烧温度为300℃,焙烧时间为3 h。湿式催化氧化法处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为170℃,反应时间为1 h,催化剂投加质量浓度为2 g/L,氧化剂H2O2按m(H2O2)∶m(COD)=3投加,含酚清洗废水的COD去除率达到95%以上,处理效果显著。     

非均相催化臭氧化深度处理钻井废水的效能研究

采用单独臭氧氧化、MnO2吸附和O3/MnO2催化氧化3种体系对经过混凝处理后的钻井废水进行深度处理,重点研究了O3/MnO2催化氧化体系去除钻井废水中有机物(以COD计)的效能。结果表明:相比单独臭氧氧化和MnO2吸附体系,O3/MnO2催化氧化体系能显著提高COD和TOC的去除率;COD去除率随着臭氧投加量和催化剂投加量的增加、pH的升高和反应时间的增加而增大;在臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、pH为11.5、催化剂投加量为20 g/L、反应时间为40 min的最佳工艺条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达到87.51%、83.18%,COD从686.28 mg/L降至85.72mg/L,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准要求。     

Fenton氧化深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化对焦化废水进行了深度处理。结果表明：Fenton氧化反应迅速,可迅速降低焦化废水生化出水的COD;H2O2和Fe2＋的投加量对Fenton氧化具有明显的影响;pH=3时反应体系具有最佳的COD去除效果。在H2O2投加量为1.994 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.543 g/L,pH=3,温度为35℃的条件下,反应出水COD低于100 mg/L,去除率可达72.7%;Fenton氧化可有效去除生化出水中的难降解有机物。实验结果表明Fenton氧化是深度处理焦化废水的有效工艺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.