Numerical analysis of dielectric resonator antennas excited in quasi-TE modes

A numerical analysis of a half-split cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) antenna on a conducting ground plane excited by a coaxial probe is presented. A procedure based on the method of moments (MoM) for the coupling of a body of revolution (BOR) to a non-BOR geometry is implemented. The antenna is operating in the TE/sub 01/ and HEM/sub 12/ modes. This antenna configuration has potential uses where high power handling capabilities and wide operating bandwidth are required.<>     

Cylindrical transmitting antenna: Tapered resistivity and multiple impedance loadings

A general formulation is presented which treats with accuracy the perfectly conducting antenna, the uniformly resistive antenna, the tapered resistive antenna, and the multiple impedance loaded antenna. The current distribution is obtained in analytic form that is easily used to obtain the effective length and radiated field. The presented theory has application in traveling-wave antenna design. Traveling-wave antennas are of interest for broadband and directional communication. Extensive numerical results are obtained, and comparisons are made with experimental data. The results indicate the feasibility of cylindrical traveling-wave antennas.     

Directivity optimisation of an array antenna with obstacles withinits near field region

A method for synthesising an array antenna in order to obtain its maximum directivity, when the antenna is in the presence of perfectly electric conducting (PEG) bodies, is presented. The proposed solution is based on the generalised multipole technique (GMT) combined with an optimum directivity (OD) technique. A closed form formulation is presented together with results which demonstrate the scanning capabilities of the proposed method     

The cross antenna: a new low-profile circularly polarized radiator

A low-profile circularly polarized medium gain antenna is presented. This traveling-wave antenna consists of a conducting wire or strip placed above a ground plane and following the contour of a cross with four or more branches and a diameter of around 1.5 wavelengths. The length of the wire is typically 5-20 wavelengths over one or more turns. The antenna is fed from a coaxial input and terminated in a load. Multiple arm configurations are also introduced. The antenna and its principles of operation are described. Computer modeling of the antenna is followed by the optimization of a few configurations for which design data and typical performances are given. Experimental results on both one- and two-turn versions agree well with predictions and confirm the practical value of this novel antenna configuration     

Dielectric rod antenna based on image NRD guide coupled to rectangular waveguide

A dielectric rod antenna based on an image NRD guide fed by a slot in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide is proposed. This configuration is developed for the use in the design of an array of this antenna. The antenna characteristics are investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Measured results at 30 GHz band are presented to validate the numerical analysis.     

Design method of Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular loop array antennas

A design method which works as a single balanced feed antenna is presented for the Yagi-Uda two-stacked circular-loop array antenna. The antenna is analyzed with a theoretical model consisting of loop elements and feeder sections. The results are compared with experiments. By using the computed and measured antenna currents, the gain enhancement of the antenna is confirmed to be due to both the stacked-loop-array and endfire-array effects. A method of compensation for the reflection loss and a design procedure are discussed in detail. A graphical method is given to estimate the optimum size of the antenna without detailed numerical calculations, and the performance of the designed antenna is demonstrated by experiments. Experimental results are presented for several antennas arranged with different numbers of loops in the endfire and broadside directions     

微带印刷天线辐射与散射的全波分析方法

本文给出了一种分析微带印刷天线辐射与散射的数值方法。此方法将印刷天线按三角网格剖分，在导体表面建立积分方程，用全波离散镜像理论给出微带结构的空域格林函数的闭合表达式，未知电流用三角网格上的矢量电流基函数展开并用矩量法求解。与以往的矩形网格上基函数展开相比，此方法能更有效地逼近任意形状的微带结构，最后给出了几个数值结果     

Analysis of an antenna composed of arbitrarily located slots and wires

A technique of analyzing an antenna composed of arbitrarily oriented thin wires and slots in a planar conducting screen is presented. The analysis is based on the generalized Hallen's type integral equation with closed form kernel. A parametric evaluation is done for a configuration of slot and two bending wires (Clavin element). The results obtained are shown to be in close agreement with the experimental ones obtained by Clavin et al.     

Design of a multiband CPW-fed monopole antenna using a particle swarm optimization approach

A novel coplanar waveguide fed planar monopole antenna for multiband operation is presented in this paper. By embedding appropriate slits into the 50 /spl Omega/ feeding line, good impedance matching for multiresonant mode is obtained. The evolutionary design process of using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in conjunction with the method of moments is employed to effectively obtain the geometry parameters of the antenna for optimum multiband performance. Prototypes of the obtained optimized design have been constructed and experimentally studied. The measured results explore good multiband operation with 10 dB impedance bandwidths of 55%, 8.5%, and 4.4% at bands of 2.51, 3.98, and 5.24 GHz, respectively, which cover the personal communication system and 2.4/5.2 GHz wireless local-area network operating bands, and show good agreement with the numerical prediction. Good monopole-like radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands have also been observed. Effects of the patch size on the antenna performance and implementation of the physical PSO for the optimized configuration are all examined and discussed in detail.     

组合导体平台前线天线的混合MoM-PO分析

运用混合矩量法-物理光学法分析了组合导体平台附近线天线的电磁辐射特性,对线天线采用窄带结构建模,计算时整个区域都选用RWG基函数,避免选用其他形式的基函数,从而简化计算,并推导出计算公式。利用该方法计算了几种导体平台前线天线的辐射特性,通过和MoM、FEKO计算结果的对比,数值结果验证了混合方法的可行性与有效性。     

Feed models for coax-driven monopole and dipole antennas

A method is presented for accurately modeling a monopole or dipole antenna fed by a coaxial line. The base of the monopole is attached to a conducting plane through which the coaxial feed line extends to the feed. The feed structures considered are easily adaptable to physically rugged forms and are simple to construct. Equivalent models for the three regions of the structure are devised and coupled integral equations for aperture fields and surface currents are formulated to enforce the boundary conditions. Three variations of the feed configuration are discussed and the reflection coefficient of the antenna feed is determined from the data obtained from the solutions of the coupled integral equations. Computed reflection coefficient values are shown to agree well with values measured on laboratory models.     

High mutual coupling reduction between microstrip patch antennas using novel structure

In this paper, a novel parasitic configuration to reduce the mutual coupling between two adjacent microstrip patch antennas is presented. It is shown that mutual coupling between the antenna elements can be reduced significantly by two simple slots structure on the ground plane and several shorted simple conducting strips between patch antennas. The structure has been constructed and tested. Both simulated and measured results are presented. The results are shown that more than 7 dB reduction within operational frequency bandwidth with the maximum 41 dB mutual coupling at center frequency can be achieved. The measurement results prove the high efficiency of this configuration in multi antenna systems.     

Effect of air gap on cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna operating in TM/sub 01/ mode

The results of a numerical study on the effect of an air gap on the input impedance and resonance frequency of a cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) antenna operating in the TM/sub 01/ mode as a function of dielectric constant are presented. The CDR resides on a conducting ground plane and is excited by a coaxial probe through the bottom of the ground plane. Some of the numerical results are validated experimentally.<>     

Machine learning assisted dual port metasurface loaded MIMO antenna with linearly polarized to circularly polarized conversion features for n257 band of 5G mm-wave applications

In this communication, a dual port printed multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation of dimension 12 × 8.5 × 0.8 mm³ is designed, analyzed, and investigated for 28-GHz 5G mm-wave applications. The metasurface layer is suspended over the MIMO antenna to convert the linearly polarized (LP) wave to a circularly polarized (CP) wave. The unit cell of the metasurface consists of a square-shaped conducting strip with one side of diagonal points interconnected. The conducting strip and rectangular gap between the strips etched on the substrate are capable of generating the π/2 phase shifted electric field components (E_x and E_y) resulting in polarization conversion from LP to CP. The machine learning concept is used to characterize the dimensional configuration of the antenna to achieve the optimum throughput. The MIMO diversity performance parameters and antenna essential results are validated by the measured counterparts.     

Phase correcting zonal reflector incorporating rings

An array of conducting elements printed on a grounded dielectric substrate functions as an electromagnetic phase shifter. With a fixed substrate and a given operating frequency, the phase shift is determined by the array parameters. In the paper, the spectral domain moment method model for analyzing homogeneous reflective phase shifters with conducting rings as elements is presented, and numerical and experimental results are given. A novel phase correcting Fresnel zonal reflector based on this model is reported. A 43% maximum antenna efficiency and -22 dB sidelobe level were measured in X-band. The bandwidth of the reflector is estimated to be greater than 10%     

Square Van Atta reflector with conducting mounting flame

A theoretical and numerical analysis of square Van Atta reflectors has been carried out with or without a conducting plate, used for mounting of the antenna elements. The Van Atta reflector investigated has antenna elements which are parallel half-wave dipoles interconnected in pairs by transmission lines of equal electrical length. The dipoles are placed in a plane which is parallel to the conducting plate when this is present. In the theory, each pair of antenna elements with the interconnecting transmission line is represented by an equivalent circuit. The mutual impedance between the antenna elements and the reradiation from the elements as well as from the conducting plate have been taken into account. The influence of the conducting plate on the induced dipole currents has been treated using the theory of images. The scattering cross section of Van Atta reflectors with or without a conducting plate has been examined numerically using an electronic computer, and some of the results have been compared with experimental results obtained by others.     

梯形弯折线单极子天线的谐振特性

基于矩量法数值方法,研究了由梯形弯折线构成的单极子天线的谐振特性。着重于分析在天线高度和宽度都有明确尺寸要求条件下,天线输入参数与梯形弯折线弯折次数的关系以及与弯折角的关系。结果表明,弯折角的改变对天线谐振特性具有很强的调节作用,恰当地选择弯折角可以有效地改变天线的谐振频率与带宽,提高天线的辐射能力和匹配性能。     

Optimum antenna configuration in MIMO systems: a differential evolution based approach

In this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimum antenna configuration for a multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) system at any given signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We used two‐level differential evolution (DE) algorithm that finds both an appropriate expression among a set of candidate expressions within the list of the optimization software used, and the parameter values (coefficients) belonging to the selected expression. The results of the proposed expression are compared with the results of high SNR approximation, asymptotic approach and optimum antenna number ratios. It is shown that the numerical outcomes produced by the new expression exhibit very good agreement with the optimum antenna number ratios, and this agreement is almost independent of the specific value of SNR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Near-zone fields scattered by three-dimensional highly conductingpermeable objects in the field of an arbitrary loop

An efficient numerical technique is presented for electromagnetic scattering in the near-field zone by three-dimensional permeable conducting objects excited by a loop antenna. The impedance boundary conditions are used to simplify the formulation and reduce the computation time and memory. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the dependence of the scattered field on the physical characteristics of the scatterer and its location     

Design of aperture-coupled annular-ring microstrip antennas for circular polarization

The design of an aperture-coupled annular-ring microstrip antenna for circular polarization (CP) is presented. The CP radiation of the annular-ring microstrip antenna is achieved by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. The key parameters of the proposed design are investigated using a commercial simulation software based on the Method of Moments to show how to obtain the 50 /spl Omega/ input impedance and optimum axial ratio. The proposed design can be applied to the annular-ring microstrip antennas with different inner radii and substrate thickness, and several antenna prototypes are constructed and measured. Details of the experimental results of the CP performance are presented and discussed.