色谱顶空法测组分活度系数及三元液液平衡的预测

用气相色谱顶空分析法测定了9组水-正烷烃-醇部分互溶三元系在完全互溶区3个组分的活度系数.由活度系数实测值拟合出UNIQUAC过量自由焓模型参数.再用UNIQUAC方程对部分互溶区液液平衡进行了预测.其结果与文献预测比较,均方根误差均较后者(在2.5%以下)小.同时实测了环已烷—正丁醇—水三元系的液液平衡数据,结果亦令人满意.     

醇/烃系统的分子热力学(Ⅱ)1-2-4模型应用于汽液平衡

建立了1个醇/烃系统的分子热力学模型,用红外光谱法获得的醇的标准缔合常数应用于汽液平衡,能够很好地区分醇类缔合物质的化学作用和物理作用,所得化学参数和物理参数具有明确的物理意义.计算表明:本文提出的1-2-4缔合模型在应用1个二元可调参数的情况下能较好地描述含醇系统的汽液平衡性质.即使对于不同链长的正构醇采用统一的缔合常数,同样可获得较好的结果.     

色谱顶空法测活度系数及对三元极性体系液液平衡预测

用气相色谱顶空分析法测定 18组部分互溶三元极性体系在完全互溶区的 3个组分活度系数 ,由此拟合出 U NIQU AC过量自由焓模型参数 ,再用 U NIQUAC方程预测液液平衡。这一方法曾很好地用在水-正烷烃 -醇体系。将此法拓展到含醇、酮、酯 ,醚、卤烷烃和水等多种极性组分的三元体系液液平衡的预测 ,其结果与文献的液液平衡数据比较 ,平均均方根误差 1.4 1% ,表明本法对含极性组分的体系仍然可行     

链状流体的分子热力学模型(IV)高分子系统的液液平衡计算

将作者先前提出的链状流体混合物的分子热力学模型应用于高分子系统液液平衡的计算,对具有最高会溶温度（UCST)和最低会溶温度（LCST）的高分子共混物的液液平衡,采用两个相互作用参数可以取得令人满意的关联结果。对具有LCST的高分子溶液的液液平衡计算,需对高分子链长作适当调整。     

链状流体的分子热力学模型(IV)高分子系统的液液平衡计算

将作者先前提出的链状流体混合物的分子热力学模型应用于高分子系统液液平衡的计算,对具有最高会溶温度（UCST)和最低会溶温度（LCST）的高分子共混物的液液平衡,采用两个相互作用参数可以取得令人满意的关联结果。对具有LCST的高分子溶液的液液平衡计算,需对高分子链长作适当调整。     

甲醇-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-水三元系汽液平衡和液液汽平衡的研究(Ⅱ)三元系部分

本工作测定了25、35、45、55和60℃时甲醇-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-水三元系互溶区蒸汽压以及部分互溶区的液液平衡和蒸汽压数据.用各对二元系修正的UNIQUAC模型参数推算得到的三元系相平衡数据与实验值符合良好,表明这些模型参数可作为对该三元系进行由低压至常压的相平衡计算基础数据.     

四氢呋喃-水-正己烷体系等压汽液平衡研究

用改进Rose釜测定了100 kPa下四氢呋喃-水、四氢呋喃-正己烷、四氢呋喃-水-正己烷体系(互溶区域)的等压汽液平衡数据。汽相非理想性通过逸度系数的计算进行校正,液相非理想性归结到活度系数中予以校正。用非线性最小二乘法关联了二元体系的汽液平衡数据,得到NRTL/UNIQUAC模型参数。利用得到的二元模型参数,结合部分三元汽液平衡数据,关联得到水-正己烷体系的模型参数。由关联得到的3对二元模型参数预测另一部分的三元汽液平衡数据,实验值与预测值基本吻合。     

水-乙酸-乙酸丁酯体系汽液平衡研究

用改进Rose釜测定了乙酸-乙酸丁酯、水-乙酸-乙酸丁酯(完全互溶区)体系在101.33 kPa下的汽液平衡数据。考虑乙酸的缔合效应,利用维里方程和Hayden-O'Connell(HOC)模型计算各组分的汽相逸度系数,校正汽相的非理想性,液相的非理想性全部归结到液相活度系数中予以校正。用NRTL,UNIQUAC模型对乙酸-乙酸丁酯的汽液平衡数据进行关联,并得到相应的模型参数、温度偏差和汽相组成偏差。比较二元体系的关联结果,用NRTL模型参数预测了三元汽液平衡数据,计算值与实验值吻合良好,预测精度较好,说明采用的模型参数是可靠的,能够为精馏的设计和模拟计算提供基础热力学数据。     

正丁醇-异丁醇-水体系液-液、汽-液相平衡的研究

本文以适用于部分互溶液体的循环式平衡釜,测定760mmHg柱下的正丁醇-异丁醇-水体系的汽液平衡数据。以浊点法测定沸点下该物系的液-液互溶度。 所测三元汽-液相平衡数据及互溶度数据可以Mitsuyasu提出的,修正的三参数Wilson方程进行良好的关联,并用NRTL（Non-Random Two-Liquids）及UNIQUAC（Universal Quasi-Chemi-cal）方程对所测汽-液平衡数据进行了关联。     

甲酸-水-甲酸丁酯体系的等压汽液相平衡研究

用改进的Rose釜测定了101.33 kPa下甲酸-水、甲酸-甲酸丁酯、甲酸-水-甲酸丁酯(互溶区内)的等压汽液相平衡数据。考虑了甲酸在汽相中的缔合效应和非理想性,用Hayden-O’connell关联式修正了汽相的非理想性,用NRTL模型对甲酸-水和甲酸-甲酸丁酯体系的汽液平衡数据进行了关联,得到了相应的模型参数。利用得到的二元体系模型参数,结合部分三元体系汽液平衡数据,关联得到水-甲酸丁酯体系的模型参数。由关联得到的3对二元NRTL模型参数预测三元体系汽液平衡数据,温度平均偏差为1.20℃,甲酸的汽相平均偏差为0.0152,甲酸丁酯的汽相平均偏差为0.0184,实验值与预测值基本吻合。     

Understanding phase behaviors of multicomponent polymer mixtures based on a molecular thermodynamic framework combined with molecular simulation

A new molecular thermodynamic model based on a closed-packed lattice model is developed for multicomponent systems. Based on Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation results, we introduce new universal functions to consider the chain length dependence of polymers, and are able to obtain more accurate critical volume fraction results in liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) calculations. In associated blend systems, specific interactions are used to characterize strongly interacting polymer mixtures with a secondary lattice. To minimize the number of adjustable model parameters, chain length parameters are calculated in a conventional way using molecular weight and specific volume. Our proposed model successfully describes binary LLE for polymer-solvent systems. Furthermore, the model parameters obtained from these binary systems are directly used to predict corresponding LLE ternary systems, and the results were in good agreement with experimental data.     

三元体系液液界面张力与溶解度的关联

本文采用界面相模型,推导出一个关联界面张力与溶解度数据的方程.经24个三元体系的检验,方程给出了满意的结果.通过引入部分互溶对的界面张力与互溶度数据所得到的修正方程可作更好的关联     

Cyclic operation of a fixed bed ion exchange process: Experimental and computer simulation studies

A quantitative study of cyclic fixed bed processes has been applied to binary and ternary ion exchange systems of general forms of isotherms. Mathematical models for simulating the cyclic operation are developed. Experimental results obtained from binary sodium-calcium and ternary synthetic sea water systems are compared with the calculated results. In general, the agreement is very satisfactory. A significant aspect of this study is that all transport and equilibrium properties used in the column dynamics calculations are determined from independent estimates or measurements, without the use of column data. The good agreement between the experimental and calculated results indicates that a suitable mathematical model can be very useful for the engineering design and application of cyclic fixed bed processes.     

EQUILIBRIUM OF METALS WITH IMINODIACETIC RESIN IN BINARY AND TERNARY SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

Experiments of binary and ternary ion exchange equilibrium of heavy metals and sodium were carried out in a complexing iminodiacetic resin Lewatit TP 207. First, binary equilibrium data were obtained at different temperatures and ionic strength and fixed to models considering two different ion exchange stoichiometrics. For ternary equilibrium data, two distinct simple models were applied. One to be applied to systems showing very different selectivity for the metals (for instance, Cu²⁺/Co²⁺/Na⁺) and the other for systems with similar selectivity for the metals (such as Zn²⁺/Co²⁺/Na⁺). The ternary equilibrium data obtained is presented in this work and fitted using the two above mentioned models. These models allow us to obtain the equilibrium parameters for binary and ternary system to be used in the design of equipment using this iminodiacetic resin.     

Phase behavior of ternary blends containing dimethylpolycarbonate,tetramethylpolycarbonate and poly[styrene‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] copolymers (or polystyrene)

The miscibility and phase behavior of ternary blends containing dimethylpolycarbonate (DMPC), tetramethylpolycarbonate (TMPC) and poly[styrene‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] copolymer (SMMA) have been explored. Ternary blends containing polystyrene (PS) instead of SMMA were also examined. Blends of DMPC with SMMA copolymers (or PS) did not form miscible blends regardless of methyl methacrylate (MMA) content in copolymers. However, DMPC blends with SMMA (or PS) blends become miscible by adding TMPC. The miscible region of ternary blends is compared with the previously determined miscibility region of binary blends having the same chemical components and compositions. The region where the ternary blends are miscible is much narrower than that of binary blends. Based on lattice fluid theory, the observed phase behavior of ternary blends was analyzed. Even though the term representing the Gibbs free energy change of mixing for certain ternary blends had a negative value, blends were immiscible. It was revealed that a negative value of the Gibbs free energy change of mixing was not a sufficient condition for miscible ternary blends because of the asymmetry in the binary interactions involved in ternary blends. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

甲胺与水多元系常压汽液平衡研究

用新型泵式沸点仪测定了常压下一甲胺-二甲胺-三甲胺-水四元系在不同液相组成时的沸点;由所测的甲胺-水二元系数据,用过量自由焓Q函数间接法推算了与之平衡的汽相组成,再用最小二乘法求出甲胺与水间二元体系的液相活度系数模型参数：甲胺与甲胺间二元体系的液相活度系数模型参数则通过拟合它们与水构成的三元系获取;由所得的最佳二元系参数用于该体系四元系汽液相平衡数据的预测,将计算的泡点与实验测得的沸点作了比较,结果表明两者吻合良好。     

NaBr-CaBr2-H2O和KBr-CaBr2-H2O三元体系273.15 K相平衡实验及计算

采用等温溶解平衡法对两个三元体系NaBr-CaBr₂-H₂O和KBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K下的固液相平衡关系进行了研究,测定了相关盐在水溶液中的溶解度,绘制其等温相图。结果表明,两个三元体系均为水合物型,即平衡固相中未发现任何复盐及固溶体。两个三元体系在273.15 K下的等温相图均由一个共饱点、两条等温溶解度曲线、两个平衡固相结晶区组成。三元体系NaBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K的两个结晶区的平衡固相分别为NaBr·2H₂O和CaBr₂·6H₂O,NaBr·2H₂O的结晶区远大于CaBr₂·6H₂O。三元体系KBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K的两个结晶区的平衡固相分别为KBr和CaBr₂·6H₂O,KBr的结晶区远大于CaBr₂·6H₂O。基于Pitzer模型,运用已报道的Pitzer参数对所研究的两个三元体系在273.15 K下的等温溶解度进行模拟计算,其计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

A study of the effect of optimization function on calculated parameters of wilson equation

Estimated values of Wilson parameters depend upon the objective function which is used in the optimization procedure. The relationships between these estimated parameters seem to be more important than the values themselves, and the desirable paired parameters are confined to a region near ridge lines. This region represents a high level of joint confidence. In this study four different objective functions were used in the investigation of binary and ternary systems. Also, comparisons were made on calculated V/L equilibrium values predicted for ternary systems by using parameters estimated from binary and from the sole use of ternary data. Using the parameters estimated from binary data with a chosen objective function did not produce the best sum of squares of errors in a ternary system for the same objective function. Based on the overall performance, the best objective function to fit parameters in three ternaries is the one to fit the pressure.     

甲基二氯硅烷+甲基三氯硅烷+二甲基二氯硅烷+苯多元系常压汽液平衡研究

卤代硅烷的相平衡数据为硅烷生产所需,而这方面的研究又较缺乏,尤其是甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷生产中所需的汽液相平衡数据尚未见报道.今用新型泵式沸点仪测定了常压(101.325 kPa)下甲基二氯硅烷 甲基三氯硅烷 二甲基二氯硅烷 苯四元系及其四个三元体系和六个二元体系在不同液相组成时的泡点.由所测的二元系数据,用过量自由焓Q函数间接法推算了与之平衡的汽相组成.再用最小二乘法求出二元体系的最佳配偶液相活度系数模型参数.所得的六组最佳二元系Wilson模型参数符合热力学一致性,并用于该体系三元和四元系汽液相平衡数据的预测,将计算的泡点与实验测得的泡点作了比较,其拟合精度良好,关联结果令人满意,硅烷二元系、多元系的热力学模型及VLE数据可为该体系的分离设计提供必要的理论依据.     

Densities and excess volumes of aqueous monoethanolamine and diisopropanolamine systems at atmospheric pressure from 303.15 K to 333.15 K

The densities of water+monoethanolamine (MEA), water+diisopropanolamine (DIPA), DIPA+MEA binary systems and water+DIPA+MEA ternary system were measured over the full range of composition at temperatures from 303.15 K to 333.15 K by using an Anton Paar digital vibrating tube density meter (DMA4500). The experimental excess volumes were obtained from the experimental density results and fitted using the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu expression. The parameters obtained from the binary excess volume data were used for the correlation of ternary system with one additional ternary parameter for each isotherm. All investigated binary and ternary systems are completely miscible, because the values of excess volume are negative under the examined conditions.