利用航空γ测量数据确定环境天然放射性水平方法评价

天然辐射是世界上每个居民都要受到的放射性照射的主要辐射,它由内部照射源和外部照射源组成,与本地区的岩石,土壤物质中天然放射性核素含量、居住环境和海拔高度有关。另外,由于核设施的建设,工农业、科研及医疗用放射性同位素的应用和放射性矿产的开采、冶炼以及特殊建筑材料及磷肥、煤灰的利用等都会改变环境的天然放射性水平。因此,世界上已有23个国家利用航空和地面方法相继开展了以估算天然辐射所致居民剂量为目的的环境天然放射性水平调查。本文仅就天然辐射环境的测量和国外某些国家开展该项工作情况作一简要评价,并说明我国利用航空γ测量数据确定环境天然放射性水平的可行性。     

广东省伴生放射性矿资源利用过程辐射水平调查

为加强伴生放射性矿物资源开发利过程中放射性环境管理 ,防治放射性污染 ,对广东省几个大型伴生矿(包括稀土矿、钽铌矿和铅锌矿 )资源利用 (开采、冶炼、加工 )过程中天然放射性核素的污染现状进行了调查。调查结果表明 :稀土矿中独居石 ,天然放射性核素含量最高 ,2 3 8U、2 3 2 Th、2 2 6Ra的含量分别为 3.5 1× 1 0 4、1 .74× 1 0 5、4 .8×1 0 4Bq/kg,其冶炼废渣中核素的含量分别为 5 .1 0× 1 0 5、6 .38× 1 0 6、1 .5 2× 1 0 6Bq/kg。稀土选冶厂周围陆地环境 γ射线的空气吸收剂量率比一般地区的高。     

Actinium-228 in Natural Background Gamma Radiation Spectrum

The natural background γ-radiation was observed by 102.88 cc lithium drifted germanium detector. Twenty-five lines due to ²²⁸Ac were observed in the energy spectrum extending from 50 to 1.280 keV. Comparison with other workers led to identifying two unknown peaks and observing four new lines. A quantitative measurement of the peaks is given in terms of relative intensity of the observed γ-lines.     

航空伽玛能谱数据的校正与重组

介绍了航空伽玛能谱谱线校正的方法,并且对经过校正航空伽玛能谱数据进行数据窗口的重组.对航空能谱仪谱漂产生的原因和航空伽玛能谱数据的处理方法进行了介绍,根据我国自主研制的航空伽玛能谱仪谱线采集的特点和谱线合成方式,提出了采用变尺度校正的方式对谱线数据进行校正,并且根据航空伽玛能谱测量的要求,对窗口数据进行重组.实验结果表...     

三门核电站地区环境辐射本底航空测量调查

2012年9月8日至10月7日,在三门核电站周围地区实施了环境辐射本底航空测量调查,完成航空测量面积7 192.7 km2,采集了99 577组航空测量数据,给出了三门核电站周围地区环境辐射本底水平、天然放射性核素40K、238U、232Th活度浓度的分布。结果表明:三门核电站周围地区环境辐射水平显现为"西北地区高、西南与东北地区偏高、中部地区中低水平"的特点。未发现有可分辨的人工放射性核素分布,亦未发现失控的放射源,发现了2个航测辐射热点,均为地质环境中天然放射性核素偏高引起。     

乌鲁木齐市常用建筑材料天然放射性水平及其辐射风险

为了解乌鲁木齐市常用建筑材料中天然放射性水平及其对居民的辐射风险,采用NaI(TI)低本底多道γ能谱仪对该市常用建筑主体材料中天然放射性核素226Ra、40K和232Th的比活度进行了测定,并根据相关标准进行评价.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市常用建筑主体材料中226Ra、40K和232Th的比活度分别为22.4～66.6、309.7 ～ 860.4和12.7～44.5 Bq/kg,其内、外照射指数分别为0.11～0.33和0.21～0.51.所调查材料用于房屋建筑时,对居民构成的年有效剂量(0.27～0.85 mSv/y)小于欧盟委员会所提出的最大限值(1 mSv/y).此次调查的乌鲁木齐市建筑主体材料的产销与使用范围不受限制.     

Analysis of Contour Map of Natural Radiation in Japan

Natural background radiation in Japan was analyzed based on surveyed data which were rearranged from macroscopic points of view. The background levels were classified into seventeen groups from which a contour map was made by simple interpolations. The general pattern obtained showed that high levels are prominent in Hida Mountains-Wakasa Bay area and Joetsu-northern Kanto provinces, and low levels are prominent in Hokkaido and northern Tohoku districts along with Kanto Plain. The whole area was further divided into two classes according to whether the level is higher than the country-wide mean level. A boundary between the two classes seen in Chubu District was found almost exactly coincides with Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line. Kanto Mountainland was found to have higher levels than its neighborhood, which supports the current idea that old geology of granitic rocks gives high level radiation. A good correspondence could be seen between the radiation contours and every tectonic line proposed as the eastern border of Fossa Magna which is important in the tectonics of Japan Islands. It was then anticipated that informations of the natural radiation will give valuable side evidences to infer the geologic history of Japan Islands.     

武汉市GSM移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响调查

报道武汉市区138座GSM移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响的调查结果。调查结果表明,武汉市138座GSM移动通信基站环境电磁辐射均符合国家有关标准和规定的要求。     

寻找地下水的γ微伦计及其应用

本文介绍寻找地下水的便携式KCF型γ微伦计。它采用CMOS计数器作整形器,通过改变分频系数来变换量程,仪器的灵敏阈不劣于1μR/h,各量程的非线性误差不大于5％。     

航空伽玛能谱测量系统标定技术与标定程序

航空伽玛能谱测量是直接寻找铀矿和进行区域地质调查的重要技术手段,在地质勘探、环境辐射评价、核应急和军控核查等方面具有重要作用。航空伽玛能谱仪探测K、U、Th核素衰变系列的伽玛射线窗口计数,要将测量计数率换算成地面放射性核素含量就需要对航空伽玛能谱测量系统进行标定,系统标定是航空伽玛能谱测量中最为复杂的程序,也是航空伽玛能谱测量的一项关键技术。论文系统介绍了目前中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心实施的航空伽玛能谱测量系统标定技术及相应的标定程序,这对理解航空伽玛能谱测量及资料应用具有实际意义。     

Radiation Monitoring in a Synchrotron Light Source Facility Using Magnetically Levitated Electrode Ionization Chambers

We developed a highly accurate differential-type automatic radiation dosimeter to measure very low radiation doses. The dosimeter had two ionization chambers, each of which had a magnetically levitated electrode and it was operated in a repetitive-time integration mode. We first installed the differential-type automatic radiation dosimeter with MALICs at a high-energy electron accelerator facility (Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center Facility) and measured the background and ionizing radiations in the facility as well as the gaseous radiation in air. In the background dose measurements, the accuracy of the repetitive-time integration-type dosimeter was three times better than that of a commercial ionization chamber. When the radiation dose increased momentarily at the electron injection from the linac to the operating storage ring, the dosimeter with repetitive-time integral mode gave a successful response to the actual dose variation. The gaseous radiation dose in the facility was at the same level as that in Fukuoka City. We confirmed that the dosimeter with magnetically levitated electrode ionization chambers was usable in the accelerator facility, in spite of its limited response when operated in the repetitive-time integration mode.