高速剪切乳化法制备硅油乳液

以二甲基硅油(1 000 mPa·s)为主要原料,非离子型表面活性剂NP-4和吐温-80复配为乳化剂,天然高分子明胶为稳定剂,采用高速剪切乳化法制备了水包油型(O/W)硅油乳液。考察了乳化剂HLB值及用量、硅油含量、稳定剂用量、乳化温度、剪切速度、剪切时间等制备条件对硅油乳液性能的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件为:在乳液体系中w(硅油)=35%,w(乳化剂)=10.5%,w(稳定剂)=0.3%;乳化温度35℃,剪切速度11 000r/min,剪切时间10 min。在上述工艺条件下,所制得的硅油乳液外观呈白色、细腻、均一的液体,具有良好的分散性和稳定性,乳液平均粒径为1.2μm左右,乳液固体质量分数为46%左右。     

三唑磷纳米乳液制剂

通过拟三元相图法研究不同表面活性剂和三唑磷混合体系的相行为,筛选出制备三唑磷纳米乳液制剂的合适表面活性剂S1(聚氧乙烯醚类)和S2(硫酸盐);确定了S1和S2的最佳配比为7:1(摩尔比).考察了三唑磷和表面活性剂S2对表面活性剂S1浊点的影响,通过动态光散射实验测定不同配方在不同稀释倍数时乳液粒径的大小.确定三唑磷纳米乳液制剂的最佳配方为三唑磷质量分数25%,表面活性剂75%S(S1与S2摩尔比7:1),该配方加水稀释到800倍时仍是稳定透明的纳米乳液.     

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/液体石蜡非水乳液体系的稳定性研究

将Tween 80,PluronicL64和聚醚胺JEFFAMINE M-2070(M-2070)分别与Span 85复配制得了N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)/液体石蜡非水乳液体系,从亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、液滴粒径和稳定时间等方面研究了二元表面活性剂复配对非水乳液稳定性的影响;在Tween 80和Span 85复配基础上,将十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)分别添加到非水乳液体系中,从粒径和乳液稳定时间2个方面考察了三元表面活性剂复配对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,Tween 80和Span 85复配可得到较稳定的非水乳液;添加CTAB后,非水乳液的稳定性反而降低;添加PVP后,非水乳液的稳定性有一定程度地加强;而添加SDBS后,乳液的稳定性大大增强。     

柴油微乳液稳定性的研究

利用非离子表面活性剂司班(Span)系列与吐温(Tween)系列复配制备油包水(W/O)柴油微乳液;探讨了以下3种因素对柴油微乳液稳定性的影响:不同助剂醇、司班(Span)系列与吐温(Tween)系列不同配比、助剂醇(A)与表面活性剂(S)不同配比。并绘制了Span80/Tween80-柴油-正戊醇-水体系的一系列拟三元相图。最终得到形成柴油微乳的最适宜条件为:表面活性剂配比m(Span80)/m(Tween80)为4∶6;助剂为正戊醇;m(A)/m(S)为0.4。并利用亲水亲油平衡值理论(HLB值理论)和界面膜理论对试验结果进行分析。     

用二次乳化法制备一种油包水型上光蜡乳液的研究

二次乳化法制备的上光蜡乳液是由连续相和非连续相组成,连续相是由有机溶剂,有机硅氧烷和油包水型乳化剂构成的油相,其非连续相的组成形式是包含微小的蜡粒子的水粒子均匀分散在连续的油相中。这种制备方法是,在室温下,将水包油型乳化蜡加入并均匀分散到含有有机硅氧烷和油包水型乳化剂的有机溶剂中。     

Triton X-100/正构醇/石油醚/水反相微乳液性质的研究

通过测定微乳液的电导率值,确定配制W/O型Triton X-100/正构醇/石油醚/水微乳液的最大增溶水量;根据微乳液含水量与电导率关系曲线及体系的拟三元相图,讨论了正构醇种类、正构醇含量、乳化剂与油相质量比对W/O型微乳液的结构、电导率、增溶水量的影响。结果表明:乳化剂与油相质量比大于1时,正戊醇、正己醇和正庚醇为助剂配制的Triton X-100/正构醇/石油醚/水体系微乳液有较大的增溶水量,而乳化剂与油相质量比大于1.5时,以正丁醇为助剂配制的Triton X-100/正构醇/石油醚/水体系微乳液才有较大的增溶水量;正构醇的链长及加入量影响微液滴界面膜的强度,从而影响微乳液的增溶水量、电导率及微乳液形成区域的大小;对于Triton X-100/正构醇/石油醚/水体系,正戊醇是形成W/O型微乳液的较好助剂,当正戊醇与Triton X-100的质量比为0.5时,W/O型微乳液的形成区域最大。     

复配非离子生物柴油纳米乳的制备工艺

选用复配壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂作为生物柴油的乳化剂,考察了2种壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚m（NP-6）∶m（NP-10）、复配表面活性剂HLB值、m（油）∶m（表面活性剂）、水滴加速率以及搅拌速度等因素对纳米乳液乳化性能的影响。通过实验确定了制取纳米乳液的最佳工艺条件：m（NP-6）∶m（NP-10）=6∶4,复配表面活性剂HLB值为11.88,m（油）∶m（表面活性剂）=1.6～1.8,水滴加速率在0.7mL/min以下,以及搅拌速度为700～800r/min时,在25℃下用乳化反转点法制得稳定的水包油纳米乳,此条件下纳米乳颗粒形貌为球形,粒径分布主要在20～30nm。     

化妆品乳液及乳化新技术(Ⅳ)——油包油乳液的构建及其应用

乳液是由两种或多种不混溶的液体组成,其中不连续的液滴分散在连续相中.典型的乳液体系就是油-水体系,它在食品、制药、组织工程和化妆品行业都有许多重要的应用.在过去的几十年里,油包油乳液由于其独特的不含水性质,引起了人们极大的兴趣.这些油包油乳液是对传统油-水乳液体系的一个补充,它使在乳液体系中使用与水不相容的化学物质成为...     

微乳液法制备六棱锥形纳米氧化锌的研究

以硝酸锌和尿素为原料,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正己醇/水溶液微乳体系制备纳米氧化锌,利用场发射扫描电镜、能谱扫描、X射线衍射、氮气低温吸附脱附对产品的形貌、成分和孔结构进行分析。结果表明,微乳体系所制得的前驱体为六边形片状结构的碱式碳酸锌Zn_5(OH)_6(CO_3)_2,经500℃下焙烧5 h所得ZnO为形貌统一的六棱锥形结构,粒度均匀,平均粒径为250 nm,BET比表面积为21.43 m~2/g,DFT法给出以介孔多级孔径分布为主。ZnO对亚甲基蓝模拟废水表现出良好的光降解活性,80 min内亚甲基蓝降解率可以达到95.6%。     

微乳液法制备六棱锥形纳米氧化锌的研究

以硝酸锌和尿素为原料,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正己醇/水溶液微乳体系制备纳米氧化锌,利用场发射扫描电镜、能谱扫描、X射线衍射、氮气低温吸附脱附对产品的形貌、成分和孔结构进行分析。结果表明,微乳体系所制得的前驱体为六边形片状结构的碱式碳酸锌Zn_5(OH)_6(CO_3)_2,经500℃下焙烧5 h所得ZnO为形貌统一的六棱锥形结构,粒度均匀,平均粒径为250 nm,BET比表面积为21.43 m²/g,DFT法给出以介孔多级孔径分布为主。ZnO对亚甲基蓝模拟废水表现出良好的光降解活性,80 min内亚甲基蓝降解率可以达到95.6%。     

用乳化法制备石墨烯/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料

在氧化石墨烯（GO）存在下,采用溶液-乳化技术制备得到GO/三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）胶乳,减压蒸馏后加入水合肼原位还原胶乳中的GO,从而得到还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）/EPDM胶乳。复合胶乳经絮凝后进行热压和硫化,最后得到rGO/EPDM复合材料。结果表明,随着乳化的进行,由于EPDM接枝的马来酸酐与GO之间的强相互作用,GO可以自组装吸附到EPDM乳胶颗粒表面,并且在还原过程中rGO没有发生明显的团聚。在制备的rGO/EPDM复合材料中,rGO在整个EPDM基质中均匀分散,并明显提高了EPDM的热导率。     

硅油乳液的制备及乳化条件的研究

以1 000 mPa·s硅油为主要原料,研究了乳化剂HLB值与配方的选择及硅油乳液的制备中乳化方法、乳化时间、乳化温度和pH等乳化条件的选择,得到较佳工艺为w(复配乳化剂)=6%,采用剂在油中法,乳化温度70℃,乳化时间共40 min,乳化体系的pH保持在6左右.制备的硅油乳液固含量约为30%,乳液外观为均匀、细腻的乳白色黏性液体.     

新型SBS水乳型纸塑复膜胶粘剂制备及其稳定性

采用SBS热塑性弹性体为胶粘剂主要原料,松香为增粘剂,环己烷为溶剂,OP-10为乳化剂,制备出一种新型以O/W型乳状液形态存在的环境友好型纸塑复合胶粘剂.考察了乳化时间、乳化速率、表面活性剂用量、SBS浓度以及含水量等参数对SBS乳状液稳定性的影响,并获得了优化工艺参数条件.制备的水乳胶粘接强度足够大,满足纸塑复膜的应用要求,还初步考察了聚合物PVA对此种SBS乳状液稳定性的影响,并借助显微镜直接观察了PVA的加入所引起水乳胶粒度的变化.     

蓖麻油质量定压热容与温度的关系

采用电热丝直接浸入液相加热、三层保温的量热装置，利用已知质量定压热容的甘油校正了蓖麻油质量定压热容测定过程中不同温区的热损失，据此测定了蓖麻油在310K～410K温区的质量定压热容。     

Mobilities of polymer liquids at constant temperature and at constant volume

Previously developed relationships between isomobility states and equilibrium p-v-T properties of vinyl polymers are extended to predict mobilities, μ, at constant temperature and at constant volume, with poly(vinyl acetate) as an example. At constant volume, μ changes by several orders of magnitude while the ‘internal pressure’ remains constant, suggesting that kinetic energy (temperature) dominates in governing μ. From μ at constant temperature the Vogel parameters, B and T₀, are found to increase with pressure, the former increasing linearly. A new Vogel type equation is developed in which one of the parameters, B_v, depends only on the chemical composition of the polymer. Both μ and its ‘activation energy’ at constant pressure, E_p, are shown to be constant at the glass transition.     

乳化条件对稠油乳状液黏度和稳定性的影响

表面活性剂的使用能够提高乳状液的稳定性并降低稠油的黏度。研究了两性表面活性剂CAB-35和有机碱TEOA的二元体系对稠油黏度和稳定性的影响,考察油水比、温度、搅拌速度对乳状液黏度和液滴平均粒径大小的影响。结果表明,当CAB-35质量分数为0.75%时乳状液黏度最小为17.79 mPa·s;添加TEOA可以提高稠油乳状液的稳定性,分水率达到11.3%,降黏率达到95.24%。随着油水比的增加,乳状液液滴粒径变小,黏度增大,乳状液更稳定。温度升高,乳状液液滴发生聚并,黏度减小,乳状液稳定性变差。随着搅拌速度的增加,能形成较小的液滴,黏度增大,乳状液稳定性增强。     

An improved constant temperature bath for the active oxygen method fat stability apparatus

Summary A constant temperature bath of a type not heretofore reported has been developed. It eliminates the objectionable features of previous apparatus and provides precise control of the very critical temperature factor in AOM stability measurement. The apparatus is easily constructed from readily available materials; it operates reliably, safely and without attention for extended periods of time. Certain matters of technique are discussed, such as submersion of the sample below the top of the bath.     

低温等离子体气相法制备氯化聚氯乙烯

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯树脂的生产方法,研究了低温等离子体气相法制备氯化聚氯乙烯的新方法;试验结果表明:低温等离子体氯化工艺能够使聚氯乙烯快速氯化。     

Preparation of water-in-oil and ethanol-in-oil emulsions by membrane emulsification

In this work, water-in-oil emulsions (W/O) and ethanol-in-oil emulsions (E/O) emulsions were prepared successfully by membrane emulsification. The emulsifiers selected were PGPR and MO-750 for the W/O and E/O emulsions, respectively. For W/O emulsions prepared with an oil pre-filled membrane, the dispersed flux was lower and the droplet size sharper than that obtained with a water pre-filled membrane. On the contrary, for E/O emulsions prepared with the membrane pre-filled with oil, the dispersed phase (ethanol) rapidly pushed out the oil from the membrane pores. Therefore, the pre-treatment of the membrane had almost no effect on the dispersed phase flux and on the droplet size. The droplet size distribution of the E/O emulsion was close to that obtained with a classical homogenizer. The dispersed phase fluxes were high and no fouling was observed for our experimental conditions (1.6 l emulsion, 10 wt% ethanol). These results confirm that membrane emulsification could be an interesting alternative for the preparation of E/O emulsions for the purpose of biodiesel fuels, considering the scale-up ability of membranes and their potentiality for industrial processes.     

Preparation of phospholipid oil‐in‐water microspheres by microchannel emulsification technique

A novel microchannel (MC) emulsification technique for producing super‐monodisperse microspheres (MS) was recently proposed. In this study, we investigated the formation of monodisperse oil‐in‐water (O/W)‐MS using lecithin and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as surfactant by applying the MC emulsification technique. When we used lecithin to produce O/W‐MS, we observed coalescence of the formed MS and the continuous outflow of the oil phase through the MC. This was probably due to the insufficient interfacial activity of lecithin and the subsequent wetting of the MC surface by the oil phase during the emulsification process. The monodisperse O/W‐MS could not be produced when lecithin was used as the only surfactant. However, we successfully produced monodisperse O/W‐MS by using hydrophilic LPC dissolved in the water phase. Also, a more stable emulsification process producing monodisperse O/W‐MS was found using lecithin in the oil phase and LPC in the water phase. The monodisperse O/W‐MS production was improved by a special surface oxidation treatment of the MC plate.