柞蚕丝素/壳聚糖共混膜的结构及细胞相容性

用碳化二亚胺(EDC)作为交联剂,流延法制备柞蚕丝素(ASF)/壳聚糖(CS)共混膜。用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)和四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)对膜的结构及细胞相容性进行了研究。结果显示,柞蚕丝素和壳聚糖具有较好的相容性和较强的相互作用,壳聚糖能阻碍共混膜内的丝素蛋白形成β-折叠构象。EDC能分别与柞蚕丝素及壳聚糖反应,从而对共混膜进行有效的交联,并使膜的热稳定性提高。与ASF膜或CS膜相比,共混比为80/20和40/60的ASF/CS共混膜更有利于细胞生长和增殖,作为一种新型的生物材料具有良好的研究和开发应用前景。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖共混膜的制备及表征

用溶液共混法制备聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖(PVA/CS)共混膜,对共混膜进行了IR、DSC表征和吸水率、透光率、力学性能等进行测定.结果表明: PVA与CS分子链间在共混膜中有一定的相互作用,相容性好;CS的引入有利于改善PVA的吸水性、透光率和综合力学性能,但热稳定性有所降低.     

壳聚糖-葡甘聚糖共混改性的研究

对壳聚糖-葡甘聚糖共混改性进行了研究,并对共混膜的力学性能、透气性、透过率进行一系列的性能测试.实验结果表明:壳聚糖与葡甘聚糖在共混膜中存在强烈的相互作用及良好的相容性;共混膜的力学性能随葡甘聚糖含量的增加而得到明显提高,当壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖的体积比为7/3,甘油添加量为15%(质量分数,后同)时,共混膜的各项性能达到最优.     

共混与同轴静电纺载药纳米纤维的制备、表征及比较

采用共混和同轴静电纺制备了负载盐酸四环素药物的聚乙烯醇-苯乙烯吡啶盐(PVA-SbQ)/玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)复合纳米纤维,在紫外光照射下得到光交联载药PVA-SbQ/Zein复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)对不同纤维的形貌和直径分布进行了分析;采用透射电镜(TEM)对不同静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维结构进行了观察和比较;强力测试表明同轴静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维力学性能更强;傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)曲线表明载药PVA-SbQ/Zein复合纳米纤维保持了原有的化学功能基团;最后比较了两种方法制备的载药纳米纤维膜的药物释放行为。     

壳聚糖-聚己内酯复合膜的制备及其性能研究

为综合壳聚糖(CS)和聚己内酯(PCL)的性能,将CS和PCL在醋酸溶液中进行共混,利用流延法制备5/95,10/90,15/85,20/80 4种不同比例的壳聚糖-聚己内酯复合膜.采用元素分析、FTIR、XRD和SEM对膜的组分、结构和形貌进行了表征,证明了壳聚糖和聚己内酯在复合膜中有一定的相容性.探讨了体系中壳聚糖含量对多孔膜的力学性能和吸水率、溶胀比、孔隙率的影响,结果表明:在实验范围内随壳聚糖含量的增加,复合膜的刚度从4 188.17N/m提高到20 436.00 N/m;杨氏模量亦从30.52 MPa增加到69.69 MPa;断裂伸长率降低.吸水率可达76.39%,孔隙率亦可增加到约35%,而溶胀比几乎不变.     

壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备与性能

目的以壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇为基材,对壳聚糖膜共混改性,制得一种性能优良的绿色环保包装材料。方法用溶液共混法制备壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混膜,用红外光谱、扫描电镜对其进行表征并对其力学性能、透气性、透光率、雾度等进行测试。结果研究表明,共混时2种组分之间发生了分子间作用力,两组分的共混比例(体积比)为40∶60或60∶40时所制备的共混膜表面平滑,两组分有很好的相容性。结论所制备的聚壳聚糖-乙烯醇共混膜有很好的成膜性能、力学性能和透气性能等,在食品、药品等领域有广泛的应用前景和价值。     

PVA-SbQ/透明质酸复合纳米纤维的制备及表征

以不同质量分数(0%、0.5%、1%、2%)的透明质酸和聚乙烯醇-苯乙烯基吡啶盐缩合物(PVA-SbQ)为原料,通过高压静电纺丝制得PVA-SbQ/透明质酸复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察比较光交联前后复合纳米纤维的形貌特征,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)测试分析复合纳米纤维膜的化学性质,利用热重分析仪(TGA)表征复合纳米纤维膜的热稳定性能,采用界面张力仪表征复合纳米纤维膜的吸水性能。结果表明,透明质酸的加入使PVA-SbQ/透明质酸复合纳米纤维直径增加,热稳定性降低,吸水性能下降。光交联后,PVA-SbQ/透明质酸复合纳米纤维膜中纤维粗细不均匀,纤维排列更加紧密。该复合材料作为面膜材料的基材具有良好的应用前景。     

醋酸纤维素-壳聚糖共混膜的制备及性能研究

以乙酸为溶剂制备了壳聚糖(CS)含量不同的醋酸纤维素-壳聚糖(CA-CS)共混膜.通过对共混膜溶胀度、拉伸强度、酸碱使用范围、分离性能的测试,发现随着壳聚糖含量的增加,膜在水中的溶胀度上升,膜的拉伸强度下降,膜的酸碱使用范围变宽.当聚合物浓度为18%、共混物壳聚糖含量为30%、溶剂乙酸水溶液的浓度为50%时,制备的共混膜的分离效果最好,性能也比较稳定.     

壳聚糖-聚羟基丁酸酯共混膜的体外血液相容性评价

制备了壳聚糖(CTS)/聚(R)-3-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)二元系列膜,扫描电镜(SEM)分析检测其表面形貌.体外评价了不同比例共混复合物的溶血率、动态凝血、复钙化时间及血小板粘附.结果表明,二元共混膜较之原料壳聚糖相比,溶血率下降,复钙化时间延长,动态凝血曲线变化缓慢.SEM显示共混膜材料表面的血小板粘附现象明显少于壳聚糖.组成为C1B1的共混材料表现突出.通过与PHB简单共混的方法可以有效改善壳聚糖的血液相容性能.     

羟丙基纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的制备与性能

采用溶液共混法制备了一系列不同比例的羟丙基纤维素(HPC)/壳聚糖(CS)共混膜,研究了羟丙基纤维素含量对共混膜的力学性能、吸湿性能、透光性能等的影响。结果表明,HPC/CS共混膜的断裂伸长率随着HPC含量的增加而增加,而拉伸强度则先提高后下降,且在含量为40%时共混膜的拉伸强度达到最大;共混膜在可见光区300nm~800nm的最大透光率均大于70%;随着HPC含量的增加共混膜的吸水率大大降低。     

紫外光聚合法制备PVA-SbQ/透明质酸凝胶及其性能研究

将透明质酸(HA)溶液和聚乙烯醇-苯乙烯基吡啶盐缩合物(PVA-SbQ)溶液混合后,通过紫外光聚合法制备光交联PVA-SbQ/透明质酸凝胶。用FT-IR和SEM对凝胶的结构进行了表征,红外结果表明,PVA-SbQ/透明质酸凝胶在紫外光照下发生交联反应,SEM结果表明,凝胶有多孔结构,并且随着PVA-SbQ含量的增加,孔径逐渐减小。研究了不同光照时间下凝胶的粘度、溶胀曲线,表明m(HA)∶m(PVA-SbQ)=1∶3的溶液在光照时间为450s时开始由稀凝胶转变为固态凝胶,凝胶的表观粘度和溶胀率达到最大。不同光照时间下载药凝胶的释药行为,表明凝胶可以通过控制光照时间实现对药物的控制释放。     

Water resistance of photocrosslinked polyvinyl alcohol based fibers

Electrospinning and photocrosslinking were combined in this study to prepare water-insoluble fibers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the styrylpyridinium (SbQ) pendent group. The PVA-SbQ exhibited high photosensitivity in a spectroscopic study. Electrospun PVA and PVA-SbQ fibers were soluble and totally dissolved after water immersion. UV irradiation of the electrospun mat led to a significant decrease in the mass loss of PVA-SbQ fibers in water. This water insolubility was confirmed by the stable morphology of PVA-SbQ fibers during water immersion.     

Separation of IPA/water mixtures by pervaporation: sorption and pervaporation results

Homogeneous membranes were prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and furthermore the blend membrane is cross-linked covalently through an ester linkage formation between a hydroxyl group of PVA and carboxyl group of PAA. These membranes were evaluated for separation of azeotropic isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/water mixtures by pervaporation, that is, a vacuum applying membrane process. The overall and preferential sorption of IPA/water mixtures in cross-linked membranes were determined to investigate the influence of PVA/PAA ratio and of liquid mixture composition. Pervaporation characteristics were also determined as a function of PVA/PAA ratio and of the feed mixture composition. With increasing PAA content in the membranes, solubilities and fluxes decreased and selectivities increased. Because of polarity, water permeated preferentially through the membranes. Sorption results showed the same tendency as pervaporation results.     

淀粉/PVA复合膜的制备及血液相容性

在无化学处理的条件下制备出淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜, 进行了力学性能、 溶胀度及红外光谱测试, 并通过溶血试验、 动态凝血试验、 血小板消耗试验对复合膜的血液相容性进行了表征。研究结果表明, 通过共混改性把淀粉引入到PVA中, 改善了力学性能和血液相容性。当PVA与淀粉的质量比为4∶1时, 复合膜的抗拉强度为13.73 MPa, 抗拉应变率为43.07%, 性能最佳。      

水／乙醇溶液在聚乙烯醇聚电解质膜中的吸附特性

将季胺阳离子化聚乙烯醇膜材料和磷酸酯化阴离子聚乙烯醇膜材料按不同摩尔比共混制备了一系列膜,用等温吸附的方法测定了不同浓度的乙烯／水溶液在各种膜中的吸附量及吸附选择性,结果表明,与聚乙烯醇膜相比,水／乙醇在各种聚电解质膜中的吸附量均有不同程度的提高,当两种膜材料以接近1：1的比例共混时,各种浓度的乙醇／水溶液在该膜中的吸附量为最大,水／乙醇的吸附选择性也最大。     

Ion-exchange membranes made of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks,used for pervaporation-assisted esterification and ion transport

Ionic membranes were prepared by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with an ionic polymer. Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (sIPN) in which the crosslinked PVA chains trap the ionic polymer were obtained by using a heat treatment at 180 °C or dibromoethane vapor at 140 °C, respectively, for poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSH), poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa), poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly (dimethyl dimethylene piperidinum chloride) (PDMeDMPCl) as the ionic polymer. The stability of the sIPN membranes in some liquid media was studied to select the appropriate membranes for the envisaged applications. The thermally crosslinked PVA/PSSH membranes showed an effective catalytic effect on the esterification reaction between n-propanol and propanoic acid. An active composite membrane made of a layer of PVA/PSSH deposited on a dense PVA layer of an industrial dehydration membrane exhibited both high catalytic activity and high selectivity to water in the pervaporation-assisted esterification. The values of the counter-ion transport number indicated that some crosslinked ionic membranes have good ion permselectivity.     

聚乙烯醇(PVA)对无支撑氧化铝膜微观结构的影响

聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）能够避免溶胶－凝胶法制备的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜在干燥阶段产生微裂纹,同时也对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的微观结构产生影响．利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＴＧＡ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ及Ｎ_２吸附等手段研究掺杂ＰＶＡ对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的物相组成、热稳定性以及比表面积、孔径分布、孔表面分形性等微观结构的影响．研究表明,经过４００℃煅烧ＰＶＡ完全排除．与纯Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜相比,添加ＰＶＡ的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜吸附量较大,比表面积有所增大,但并不随着ＰＶＡ含量的增多而增加．ＰＶＡ有利于 Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜孔径的调整,使孔径分布更狭窄,孔体积也有较大程度的增加．随着 ＰＶＡ的加入,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的孔表面分形维数降低．     

聚乙烯醇-聚丙烯酸共混膜的阻醇及质子导电性能研究

针对目前直接甲醇燃料电池 (DMFC)中普遍使用的Nafion系列全氟磺酸膜存在的甲醇穿透问题 ,制备了在渗透蒸发醇 -水分离领域有良好分离效果的聚乙烯醇 (PVA)和聚乙烯醇 -聚丙烯酸 (PVA -PAA)共混膜并研究了其阻醇和质子导电性能 .与Nafion1 1 7膜相比 ,PVA膜和PVA -PAA共混膜的阻醇性能有明显提高 ,其导电能力虽很大程度上依赖于外加电解质溶液 ,但PAA的混入使PVA膜材料的导电性能有了很大改善     

Self‐Healing Proton‐Exchange Membranes Composed of Nafion–Poly(vinyl alcohol) Complexes for Durable Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) that can heal mechanical damage to restore original functions are important for the fabrication of durable and reliable direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The fabrication of healable PEMs that exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability, enhanced proton conductivity, and suppressed methanol permeability via hydrogen‐bonding complexation between Nafion and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) followed by postmodification with 4‐carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) molecules is presented. Compared with pure Nafion, the CBA/Nafion–PVA membranes exhibit enhanced mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of ≈20.3 MPa and strain of ≈380%. The CBA/Nafion–PVA membrane shows a proton conductivity of 0.11 S cm^?1 at 80 °C, which is 1.2‐fold higher than that of a Nafion membrane. The incorporated PVA gives the CBA/Nafion–PVA membranes excellent proton conductivity and methanol resistance. The resulting CBA/Nafion–PVA membranes are capable of healing mechanical damage of several tens of micrometers in size and restoring their original proton conductivity and methanol resistance under the working conditions of DMFCs. The healing property originates from the reversibility of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between Nafion and CBA‐modified PVA and the high chain mobility of Nafion and CBA‐modified PVA.     

渗透汽化分离有机物

用不同的方法制备了几种分离有机物的膜，如CA/PAN、PVA/PAN的复合膜，以及含金属离子载体的PVA膜，这些膜是复合膜或非对称膜．测量了膜材料(CA和PVA—Me^n )的吸附特性并评价了其性能．结果表明，CA和CTA膜以及几种复合膜适于分离MTBE/MeOH，修正的溶解-扩散模型可成功地估算MTBE／MeOH透过CA膜的渗透汽化分离性能．从初步吸附试验看，含金属离子载体的PVA膜对分离苯／环乙烷体系可能是一好的候选膜．