国内工业陶瓷文献题录及文摘(二十三)

示例:顺序号文献题名(文种,中文略)·刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码本栏报道的是我刊编辑部最近收集到的工业陶瓷文献。读者如需复印,可直接与我刊编辑部联系,但请写明“顺序号、文献题名、刊名、年、卷、期、起止页码”等内容。收费标准:每篇18元(包括检索费、复印费及邮寄费)。200521二氧化钛等离子喷涂层的结构及性能·硅酸盐通报,2006,25(5):6～9700℃,1000℃,1200℃下对纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粉末进行煅烧,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在Q235基体上制备氧化钛纳米结构涂层。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对煅烧后的粉料和涂层的显…     

热处理工艺对纳米氧化锆粉体微观结构与涂层性能的影响

研究了高温煅烧、等离子炬和等离子流场3种热处理工艺对ZrO2-8%(mol)Y2O3 (8YSZ)球形颗粒及其等离子喷涂涂层微观组织结构的影响. 结果表明,由等离子炬处理后的8YSZ颗粒制备的等离子喷涂涂层的结合强度最高,平均为25 MPa,抗热震性能最好,1200℃恒温5 min,水冷、热循环达41次;而采用等离子流场处理的颗粒所制涂层结合强度最差,平均为11 MPa,热震时涂层易开裂,热循环次数为17次;高温煅烧的颗粒所制涂层性能依赖于煅烧温度和时间,其中1200℃下煅烧2 h的颗粒所制涂层力学性能最优,平均结合强度为21 MPa,热循环次数为38次.     

涂层材料与几何尺寸对等离子喷涂残余应力的影响

在等离子喷涂过程中,由于基体与涂层的热膨胀系数的不匹配,在它们共同冷却的过程中,产生了不同的热变形。本文采用有限元瞬态热分析方法对等离子喷涂过程的温度场进行了分析。在此基础上,进一步计算了常用的Al2O3涂层与16MnR基体组成的喷涂系统的残余应力分布,并对计算结果进行了讨论。然后,针对不同的涂层尺寸、不同涂层材料(a相Al2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3-ZrO3)进行了残余应力计算,对涂层与基体内部的应力进行了分析,并且比较了不同的涂层尺寸以及材料性能对应力状态及分布的影响,对实际喷涂工艺有一定的指导意义。     

等离子喷涂Fe-W-B涂层的微观结构与性能研究

以水雾化Fe-W-B球状合金粉末为原料,在45#钢基体表面采用等离子喷涂技术制备Fe-W-B涂层。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱(EDS)、显微硬度计等对Fe-W-B涂层的微观结构、物相组成、元素分布、力学性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,Fe-W-B涂层呈层状堆叠结构,涂层较为致密均匀;涂层物相为α-Fe相,且衍射峰向小角度偏移,各元素分布均匀;涂层结合强度为23.1 MPa,断裂类型为涂层层间断裂;涂层硬度明显高于45#钢基体,分布在370~405 HV之间。     

通过等离子体喷涂TiO2涂层，对四氯乙烯（C2Cl4）进行光催化分解

在一个不锈钢筛网上，通过等离子体喷涂，使用凝聚的TiO2粉末制备TiO2涂层。由于TiO2粉末是众所周知的光催化材料，因此，筛网上的光催化TiO2涂层被用于含有四氯乙烯水的净化。TiO2凝聚粉末能够沉积在筛网上，通过400A的等离子喷涂，能够得到35％的锐钛矿比：当等离子喷涂以800A进行时，     

煅烧温度对纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同煅烧温度(500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃)的TiO2纳米粒子,对样品进行了TG-DTA、XRD、UV-Vis及IR分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了煅烧温度对TiO2光催化性能的影响.结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,TiO2晶粒尺寸迅速长大,800℃时,出现金红石相;TiO2的吸收带边随煅烧温度的升高发生了不同程度的红移;600℃煅烧得到的TiO2粒子表面易羟基化,其光催化性能最好.     

大气等离子喷涂ZrSiO4涂层的物相转变行为

为研究硅酸锆陶瓷作为航空发动机高温(>1 200 ℃)热障/热防护涂层的可能性,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了硅酸锆涂层.用原位高温X射线衍射技术研究了涂层在25～1 400 ℃循环升降温过程中的物相变化行为,以及分别在1 000,1 200 ℃和1 400 ℃恒温不同时间后的物相转变;用扫描和透射电镜观察粉体及涂层的形貌.结果表明:硅酸锆粉体在等离子喷涂后分解成为四方相和单斜相的ZrO2以及非晶态的SiO2;由于ZrO2和SiO2两相界面上Si-O-Zr键的作用,涂层中的SiO2对ZrO2在高温下的相变产生了阻滞作用.在温度高于1 200 ℃热处理后涂层中ZrO2和SiO2能够重新生成稳定的硅酸锆涂层.     

Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Cr2O3 Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Supersonic Atmosphere Plasma Spraying

为了研制一种新型连铸结晶器材料,采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂技术在纯铜基体上制备了 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、图形软件、彩色 3D 激光显微镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行了表征及分析,分别在 450 ℃和 600 ℃对涂层进行了热震试验。结果表明,涂层继承了起始粉末的物相,但是 Cr2O3的结晶度有所差异;陶瓷涂层表面为良好熔化区和部分熔融颗粒组成的双态组织,涂层断口形貌为典型的片层状组织,涂层截面可见均匀分布的富铬带。涂层孔隙率为 1.2%,表面粗糙度为 4.763 μm,Vickers 显微硬度为 1 628 MPa。试样在 450 ℃和 600 ℃分别经历了均值为 127.4 和 58.6 次热震循环后,其半球顶端出现大面积剥落,但圆柱主体部分完好,表明 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层具备良好的抗热疲劳性能,超音速等离子喷涂适合于结晶器铜板表面涂层的制备。     

银镨复合掺杂二氧化钛纳米材料的光催化活性

以硝酸镨[Pr(NO3)3·5H2O]、硝酸银(AgNO3)为掺杂的前驱物,纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)为载体,用表面浸渍法制备了(银,镨)/氧化钛[(Ag,Pr)/TiO2]纳米材料.用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(ultraviolet-visual spectrometer,UV-Vis)、电子自旋共振波谱仪(electron spin resonance,ESR)表征(Ag,Pr)/TiO2纳米材料的物相及光催化活性.XRD分析发现:在300～800℃范围内,除400℃煅烧的晶粒粒径比300℃煅烧的相对变小外,(Ag,Pr)/TiO2纳米材料的晶粒粒径均随煅烧温度升高而逐渐增大,金红石相TiO2在600℃开始出现,其含量随煅烧温度升高缓慢递增.(Ag,Pr)/TiO2光响应范围在200～230nm短波长的波段内,并且在此波段内光吸收较为强烈.ESR分析显示:(Ag,Pr)/TiO2在紫外光照射下产生·OH的强度达到120 000,比纳米TiO2和镨掺杂纳米TiO2的有极大幅度地增长;未光照时产生较低的·OH强度.     

超音速等离子喷涂制备Cr_2O_3涂层的显微组织及抗热震性能(英文)

为了研制一种新型连铸结晶器材料,采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂技术在纯铜基体上制备了Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、图形软件、彩色3D激光显微镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行了表征及分析,分别在450℃和600℃对涂层进行了热震试验。结果表明,涂层继承了起始粉末的物相,但是Cr2O3的结晶度有所差异;陶瓷涂层表面为良好熔化区和部分熔融颗粒组成的双态组织,涂层断口形貌为典型的片层状组织,涂层截面可见均匀分布的富铬带。涂层孔隙率为1.2%,表面粗糙度为4.763μm,Vickers显微硬度为1 628 MPa。试样在450℃和600℃分别经历了均值为127.4和58.6次热震循环后,其半球顶端出现大面积剥落,但圆柱主体部分完好,表明Cr2O3陶瓷涂层具备良好的抗热疲劳性能,超音速等离子喷涂适合于结晶器铜板表面涂层的制备。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。