用干钻屑测定原生热导率

本文表述粉状矿物的实测干容热导率与总孔隙度之间的指数关系。所用矿物样品是压碎的石英、方解石和长石晶体以及不同来源的粘土。在干燥状态下测定上述矿物的热导率，估计其原生热导率。干容热导率、总孔隙度和原生热导率之间有一种经验关系。该方法用来估计澳大利亚西北陆架两个钻井的热流。     

水泥浆与泥浆热导率的测定研究

井下循环温度是影响注水泥能否成功的关键因素之一，要准确计算循环温度除了建立与井下实际情况吻合的循环温度模型外，还必须准确给出水泥浆、泥浆的热物性数据。为此，首先根据测量液体热导率的线热源法原理自制了测量装置，然后分别测量了15种水泥浆、5个不同密度的两类泥浆在常温常压下的热导率，分析了水泥浆与泥浆的组分、密度对其热导率的影响。结果表明，在相同密度温度条件下，水泥浆、泥浆组分不同时，其热导率不同；同组分的水泥浆和泥浆， 其热导率随密度增大而增大。建议在实际的井下循环温度计算中，需对井眼中的特定水泥浆和泥浆进行实验测量或对目前油气田所普遍使用的水泥浆体系进行系统实验研究，提供热导率测量数据或经验公式以便更好地指导现场使用。     

岩石热导率影响因素实验研究及其对地热资源评估的启示

“双碳”背景下,作为清洁可再生能源的地热在能源结构中的地位逐渐受到重视。热传导是地球向外界散发热量的最主要方式,岩石热导率对研究地温场和评估地热资源量具有重要作用。为了定量认识岩石热导率及其影响因素,采用瞬态平板热源法测量了135件岩石样品的热导率,并测量了部分样品的孔隙度、密度和矿物成分。测量结果表明典型岩石中,火山岩热导率最小,碎屑岩与侵入岩热导率接近,碳酸盐岩的平均热导率最大,侵入岩、火山岩、碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的热导率分别为介于1.62～4.00 W/m·K,1.09～2.07W/m·K,1.52～5.23 W/m·K和2.34～6.55 W/m·K,4类岩石样品的热导率平均值分别为2.54±0.53 W/m·K,1.50±0.24 W/m·K,2.77±0.83 W/m·K和4.21±1.28 W/m·K。热导率与岩石组构关系密切,矿物是影响热导率的重要因素,高热导率的石英含量可以明显影响侵入岩和碎屑岩热导率,白云石含量明显影响碳酸盐岩热导率;碎屑岩的热导率与孔隙度负相关,较大的孔隙度范围,岩石热导率随着孔隙度升高而下降,在较小的孔隙度范围内该趋势不明显;岩石热导率和密度具有正相...     

川南龙马溪组含气页岩热导率实验研究

以川南龙马溪组深层含气页岩为研究对象，开展了页岩热导率及其配套实验研究，以探索深层含气页岩热导率特征及其影响因素。实验结果显示，川南龙马溪组含气页岩热导率主要分布在2.0~3.0 W/（m·K）之间，实测最大值为5.15 W/（m·K），最小值为1.22 W/（m·K），平均值为2.50 W/（m·K）。在此基础上探讨了川南龙马溪组深层含气页岩热导率与矿物组分、孔隙度、TOC以及温度的关系，深入分析了含气页岩热导率的影响因素。页岩的热导率与矿物组分密切相关，其中黄铁矿和石英是对热导率影响较大的矿物；热导率随页岩储层孔隙度的增加而降低；随TOC含量的增大而降低，且在TOC较低时热导率下降得快，在TOC较高时热导率呈缓慢下降；温度是影响热导率最主要的因素，受页岩的TOC含量制约，当TOC含量较低时，热导率随温度的升高而降低，而TOC含量较高时，热导率随温度的升高而升高。      

基于BP神经网络的测井资料预测岩石热导率

为了获取无岩心深度段的岩石热导率,建立基于BP神经网络的热导率预测模型.根据声波、密度、中子、电阻率、自然伽马等5种测井响应预测岩石热导率,其模型计算所需时间较短,不需要岩性组分资料,比只考虑1种或其中几种物理参数影响的经验公式适用范围更广.对检验样本以及位于南海的1144A井、1146A井、1148A井等3口大洋科学...     

利用地球物理测井资料计算油气盆地中沉积岩原地热导率

沉积岩原地热导率是盆地热结构和热演化研究的重要参数,在不同物性的岩石中,热导率是控制油气盆地地温和热流的重要因素,本文介绍了利用平均密度,补偿中子、声波时差,自然伽马、等地球物理测井资料计算油气盆地中沉积岩岩性组成的方法。     

等规聚丙烯温度相关性热输运性质的分子动力学模拟

基于非平衡分子动力学方法，研究等规聚丙烯在常规使用温度下的热输运性质。结果表明，当热力学温度由270 K增加至390 K时，等规聚丙烯的热导率由0.247 W/(m·K)提高至0.305 W/(m·K),其速度自相关函数的第一个波谷深度的绝对值由0.485降低至0.456;等规聚丙烯在0～40 THz低频段的声子群密度有所减小；而40～47 THz和80～93 THz高频段声子群密度的波峰峰值虽然也有所减小，但峰宽往高频方向逐渐增大。     

利用密度测井计算薄油气层含油气饱和度

利用油气对密度测井的影响，可以建立适当的解释模型计算含油气饱和度，本文主要针对大港油田薄油气层密度反映特别明显，而电阻率和声波时差都为干层显示时，开发了这套利用密度测井计算饱和度的方法。     

含裂隙介质中弹性波场正演模拟

应用定向分布裂隙介质中弹性波场正演理论，导出各向异性介质吸收边界条件，对同一地质模型模拟出不同裂隙性质、不同裂隙密度的地面合成记录和VSP记录。结果表明，充填裂隙介质和干裂隙介质的地震波场特征有明显的差别，干裂隙介质的横波分裂现象更为明显。这种分裂现象与裂隙密度有关，裂隙密度越大，分裂现象越明显。同时还表明，地面合成记录的转换波分裂现象比VSP记录更明显，而地面记录反射横波分裂现象又不及VSP记录易于识别。     

苏北盆地古近系-上白垩统的岩石热导率

对苏北盆地多口钻井岩心样品的热导率数据,按岩性、深度、孔隙度和孔隙流体进行了统计分析.古近系-上白垩统岩石的热导率总体呈正态分布,平均为2.102Wm-1K-1,岩石的热导率和岩性密切相关,砂岩的热导率普遍高于泥岩.岩石的热导率随深度的增大而增大,但很难用统一的函数来描述其变化关系.热导率和孔隙度显示出很好的相关性,总...     

新型焊接热循环测试与分析系统的研究

采用计算机软、硬件技术和数据处理方法，研究和开发了一种新型焊接热循环测试与分析系统。该系统集焊接热循环温度数据采集、存储、处理和分析功能于一体，能够测试和计算焊接热循环参数和焊接冷却过程中的相变温度平台等参数。     

MODELING FOR PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN THERMAL CONVERSION OF HEAVY OIL

A laboratory scale microstatic reactor was developed for heavy oil thermal conversion. This apparatus can be temperature programmed quickly and smoothly in the range of 400-500°C. The product distribution was determined with Soxhlet apparatus and liquid chromatography. It is assumed that both cracking and condensation reactions are first order reactions and no secondary reaction occurred for the product. A twelve lumped reaction model for product distribution in thermal conversion of heavy stock was developed. The regression coefficient R and F test indicate that the model was fit well to the experimental data at low thermal conversion. Therefore, the model can predict the cracking and condensation reactions of heavy stock occurring in the inner tube of a coking heater.     

Scaling capillary imbibition during static thermal and dynamic fracture flow conditions

To incorporate the effect of temperature, previously reported scaling formulations were modified considering the wettability, change in oil properties, and thermal expansion. The results of static imbibition experiments conducted using different types of heavy-oil samples at different temperatures up to 90 °C were used to verify the formulation. The modified scaling formulations responded well if the thermal expansion effect is included, except in high-temperature crude oil imbibition cases.The results obtained through water injection experiments in artificially fractured core samples with matrix permeabilities ranging from 300 to 0.075 mD were used to verify the numerical model of core scale displacements. Then the convergence constant in Aranofsky's abstract recovery–time relationship was correlated to an imbibition group consisting of the injection rate and matrix properties. Three different formulations were presented and tested. Good agreement with the experimental observations could be achieved when the wettability and permeability of the matrix and the flow rate in fracture is included in the formulations. When the matrix size is included in the regression analysis, not all correlation types yielded a good agreement with the experimental data.This study will provide an insight into the scaling of the laboratory scale experiments to the reservoir conditions and constitute a base to define matrix fracture interaction in numerical models dealing with fractured reservoir modeling.     

甲苯-对二甲苯汽液平衡数据

用改进的 Dvorak—Boubik 平衡釜,测定了甲苯-对二甲苯二元系在101.33kPa 下的汽液平衡数据,经热力学一致性检验,Wilsan 方程关联,取得了良好的结果。     

High Temperature Thermal Stability Investigation of Paraffinic Oil

The physical and thermal properties of paraffinic oil were investigated at 250-360°C to determine its suitability for use as a heat-transfer fluid. Thermal stability test was conducted at 360°C for a period of 480 hr in a stainless steel high-pressure autoclave. The paraffinic oil offered sufficient thermal stability for a period of about 300 hr and then became unstable resulting in thermal break down or cracking of the oil. Degradation of the oil led to the formation of gases, liquid components, and solid coke of about 5 wt.% of the starting material. The distillation test performed on the liquid components showed that the composition varied from light naphtha to heavy bituminous material.

The paraffinic oil compared favorably with synthetic organic fluids and the typical properties revealed its suitability as a heating fluid in a system with maximum usage temperature of 310°C as indicated by the thermal stability test. Comparative evaluation of the general properties of the tested paraffinic oil with other paraffinic and mineral oils of different product formulations showed excellent agreement. From these results, it is concluded that the paraffin oil sample produced by the local refinery is suitable for use as a potential thermal fluid at temperatures below 315°C, which is quite adequate for many industrial applications.     

New formula for acid fracturing in low permeability gas reservoirs: Experimental study and field application

One of the main stimulation techniques to enhance gas production in low permeability reservoirs is acid fracturing. Controlling the leak-off of reactive fluids is the key to a successful acid fracturing. In this study, new chemicals and techniques have been developed to control the leak-off by increasing the viscosity of the fluid systems after the acid fracturing fluids were injected into formations. The initial viscosity of the acid fluids was low. The viscosity increased with the increase in the amount of acid injected. Experiments have been conducted in laboratory to prove the efficiency of leak-off control using the new chemicals. The experimental results showed that the new fluid systems reduced the leak-off significantly compared to the gelled and normal acids. The leak-off rate of the new fluid systems was close to that of non-reactive fluids. Because the targeted reservoirs had a high temperature, the thermal stability was also tested and the results showed that the new chemical fluids were stable at 120 °C. Because of the remarkable experimental results, acid fracturing stimulations have been conducted using the new chemical fluid systems in 26 wells in Changqing gas field. The production performance has been evaluated after acid fracturing using the new chemicals. The field test results showed that the gas production was increased remarkably using the new chemical fluids and techniques, compared to the routine gelled acid fracturing. A plan has been embarked to apply the proposed techniques in Changqing gas field widely because of the satisfactory pilot field test results and the low cost of the chemicals.     

乙丙粘度指数改进剂的研制

报道了热降解法制乙丙粘度改进剂的装置和工艺过程,并对试制品与素炼机法产品作了对比评定。鉴定表明,试制品具有与国外产品同等质量的水平。     

浅海结构物波浪力计算及实验研究

应用椭圆余弦波理论、双曲波理论及孤立波理论,对作用于浅海海洋结构物的波浪力进行了计算,并在造波水槽中进行了波浪力及波压力实验研究。应用实验结果对传统的计算方法进行了修正,提出了静水面以上波压力的修正公式。研究结果表明,应用椭圆余弦波理论和双曲波理论计算理论波压力,然后进行修正,用浸没表面积分法计算的波浪力与实验值相接近。     

FCC汽油催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的动力学模型研究

针对催化裂化汽油催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的反应体系,建立了六集总动力学模型,推导出模型的解析解,利用小型提升管催化裂化试验装置的试验数据,采用最小二乘法求出了各集总之间的反应速率常数,并对所建立的模型进行了初步的检验,结果表明计算值与试验值吻合良好,模型具有较好的预测能力.对乙烯、丙烯的产率及选择性的计算表明,随停留时间的延长.产率有所增加,但选择性基本不变.     

Computer modelling for the control of particulate sterilization under dynamic flow conditions

A finite difference model was used for predicting the centre temperature of particulates during ultra-high temperature processing under continuous flow conditions. This model compared favourably with the analytical solutions. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on the input parameters to the numerical model, which indicated that particulate size and thermal diffusivity were the most critical parameters influencing process lethality and cook value. For example, a spherical particulate (thermal properties defined) of 20 mm diameter required a holding time greater than 5 min at 135°C to achieve a minimum safe cook (F₀ of 3.0 min for Clostridium botulinum), compared to a 10 mm spherical particulate which would have received an F₀ value of 68 min after 5 min processing at 135°C. The centre temperatures predicted using the model were sensitive to changes in the convective surface heat transfer coefficient in the range 100–300 W m⁻² K⁻¹, but became less sensitive as the values increased up to 500 W m⁻² K⁻¹. An initial product temperature change from 20 to 60°C resulted in an 8 min increase in process lethality for a 15 mm spherical particulate processed for 5 min at 135°C. The determination of experimental results in particulates of less than 20 mm (the critical dimension) was found to be significantly affected by conduction errors through the thermocouple wires, and therefore the model presented will be a useful prediction tool in situations of experimental uncertainty.