光敏性二胺的合成研究

简述了光敏性二胺中间体在光敏聚酰亚胺合成中的作用和特点:研究了光敏性二胺中间体的合成方法与工艺;探讨了溶剂、温度、催化剂等因素对合成反应的影响规律:对产物的结构进行了测试。     

聚二甲基硅氧烷基二苯胺基甲烷的合成及其在聚酰亚胺合成方面的应用

介绍了一种可用于合成合聚二甲基硅氧烷接枝聚酰亚胺的二胺类单体的新合成方法。即在己烷溶液中加入了基锂，四甲基乙二胺及甲基二苯胺，０℃反应，进行锂化，将此锂化物与各种硅氧烷化合物进行反应，并对合成条件进行了讨论。     

基于二氨基苯基卟啉的新型聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

卟啉类化合物的结构特征使其在很多领域受到广泛的关注,现在通常在卟啉上做修饰以获得更优的性能。以氨基苯基取代的卟啉化合物作为二胺单体和均苯四甲酸二酐为二酐单体,以苯甲酸为溶剂,通过反应合成粗产品新型的聚酰亚胺材料,用丙酮和氯仿洗涤得到纯产品,并进一步合成了Zn-卟啉聚酰亚胺。采用傅里叶红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物进行了结构表征,对主要的紫外光谱、红外光谱吸收带进行了经验归属,以及原料与产物的对比分析,初步确定了合成产物的结构。结果表明,聚合产物是以卟啉骨架结构为主要聚合单元的聚酰亚胺类共聚物。     

基于二氨基苯基卟啉的新型聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

卟啉类化合物的结构特征使其在很多领域受到广泛的关注,现在通常在卟啉上做修饰以获得更优的性能。以氨基苯基取代的卟啉化合物作为二胺单体和均苯四甲酸二酐为二酐单体,以苯甲酸为溶剂,通过反应合成粗产品新型的聚酰亚胺材料,用丙酮和氯仿洗涤得到纯产品,并进一步合成了Zn-卟啉聚酰亚胺。采用傅里叶红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物进行了结构表征,对主要的紫外光谱、红外光谱吸收带进行了经验归属,以及原料与产物的对比分析,初步确定了合成产物的结构。结果表明,聚合产物是以卟啉骨架结构为主要聚合单元的聚酰亚胺类共聚物。     

二胺/TDI体系聚氨酯弹性体耐热性能的研究

采用预聚物法合成了以聚己二酸乙二醇丙二醇酯(PEPA)甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)预聚体,3种芳香族二胺3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二胺基二苯甲烷(MOCA),4,4′-亚甲基-双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)(M-CDEA),3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA)为扩链剂制备浇注型聚氨酯弹性体.通过常规和老化力学性能测试、动态力学性能分析和热重分析对二胺/TDI体系的聚氨酯弹性体性能进行了研究.结果表明,芳香族二胺扩链的聚氨酯弹性体具有优异的力学性能,尤其是扩链剂M-CDEA)制备的聚氨酯弹性体热空气老化性能好,高温下储能模量高,动态内生热低,热分解温度高,具有优异的耐热性能.     

双（羧基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）的合成及其固化环氧树脂的研究

采用芳香族二胺与偏苯三酸单酐合成了一种新型环氧树脂固化剂──双（羧基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）（ＢＣＰＩ），研究了其合成方法及有关的反应机理，并对其固化环氧树脂的性能进行了初步探讨。     

聚酰亚胺的制备及其性能表征

以均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐单体,对苯二胺(PDA)为二胺单体,通过低温缩聚合成一系列聚酰胺酸(PAA)和聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,对其结构和力学性能进行表征。结果表明,聚酰胺酸的酰亚胺化较完全,PMDA-PDA聚酰亚胺薄膜的拉伸强度达到290 MPa。     

聚酰亚胺的制备及其性能表征

以均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐单体,对苯二胺(PDA)为二胺单体,通过低温缩聚合成一系列聚酰胺酸(PAA)和聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,对其结构和力学性能进行表征。结果表明,聚酰胺酸的酰亚胺化较完全,PMDA-PDA聚酰亚胺薄膜的拉伸强度达到290 MPa。     

双（羧基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）的合成及其固化环氧树脂的研究

采用芳香族二胺与偏苯三酸单酐合成了一种新型环氧树脂固化剂－双（羧基邻苯二甲酰亚胺，研究了其俣成方法及有关的反应机理，并对其固化环氧树脂的性能进行了初步探讨。     

含砜基聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

利用含酮、砜基官能团的二酐、二胺单体,通过二步法得到不同结构的聚酰亚胺。应用FT-IR、TGA、DSC、X-ray等测试方法对所得聚酰亚胺树脂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,砜基会降低单体的反应性,引起热性能的降低,但是可以通过与反应性好的单体缩聚进行改善。若有柔性基团与砜基协同作用能够显著改善聚酰亚胺的溶解性。     

自增感光敏聚酰亚胺的热失重及光固化研究

对一类主链上含有二苯甲酮羧基和侧烷基的新型自增感光敏聚酰亚胺的热失重行为及光固化过程进行了研究。通过红外分析和热失重分析对光固化过程进行了追踪，确定了光交联机理为侧烷基上的氢脱除后生成的自由基进攻二苯甲酮的羟基，此外，还了曝光和热处理对ＰＳＩ薄膜颜色，脆性和溶解度的影响。     

环碳酸酯型聚氨酯的玻璃化温度分子模拟

非异氰酸酯环碳酸酯型路线合成聚氨酯不同于传统异氰酸酯合成聚氨酯,为研究非异氰酸酯合成聚氨酯的分子结构的反应合成机理,提出一种分子模拟法预测线型非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的玻璃化温度.首先通过软件建立非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的分子结构模型,基于Monte Carlo方法建立典型的构象结构,再通过分子动力学模拟得到不同温度条件下体积,最后通过体积-温度曲线的转折点确定玻璃化温度.结果表明:两种线型结构的非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的模拟值与实验值吻合较好,两种刚性结构的非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的模拟值与实验值有较大偏差;分子模拟方法可以应用于聚合物结构与性质的研究中.     

退火条件对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在单晶硅Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,研究了退火温度对ZnO结构和光学性能的影响。实验发现,退火可以明显地改善ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性能。随着退火温度的升高,ZnO薄膜的晶粒增大,同时在室温下观察到明显的紫外发光现象,其紫外PL谱峰值变强,并有红移现象。     

A photosensitive copolymer for UV-curable electrodeposition coatings

A series of photosensitive random copolymers (UPDHES) were prepared by introducing acrylate groups onto the side chain of the copolymer backbone of N, N-domethyl amimethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HEA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), and styrene (St) (PDHES). The molecular structure of UPDHES was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of UPDHES with different C=C content was investigated using real time FTIR in which it was found that the UPDHES system had notable photosensitivity. The effect of C=C content on the properties of cured films were studied by evaluating various film properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and tensile properties. The thermal degradation of cured films was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-IR). Thus a series of UV-curable electrodeposition coatings with good photosensitivity and mechanical properties were prepared from a low-cost photosensitive random copolymer.     

Correlation between Structure and Thermal Properties of N-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium Magnetic Ionic Liquids

Influence of structural variations of N-vinylimidazolium tetrahalogenidoferrate(III) magnetic ionic liquids(MILs) on thermal properties was investigated. Using Gaussian09/B3 PW91/6-311 G(2d, p) density functional methods, the microstructure of the MILs were analyzed. With differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), the thermal properties of the MILs were performed. The results showed that the interaction energies of ion pairs decreased, the crystallization temperature increased first and then decreased, and the surfusion first decreased and then increased with the elongation of the alkyl chain length on cation; with the increase of Br atom, the interaction energies of ion pairs increased; the interaction energies of ion pairs increased in the MILs with the same cation or anion, the nature of polarity of MILs increased and the melting point rose; as the cation or anion in MILs had a smaller size, it could have the solidsolid transition temperature. The results indicated that the decomposition temperature with the same type of MILs increased with the interaction energies of ion pairs. The interaction energy of ion pairs can be used to illuminate the correlation between the thermal properties and the structure of MILs. ILs possesses the properties of macromolecular.     

Cold resistant properties of high modulus polyurethane

Six kinds of polyurethane (PU) elastomers were prepared based on different polyesters, polyethers and chain extenders. The structure, mechanical properties and cold resistant properties of PU were systematically investigated by FTIR, XRD, DMTA, universal testing machine and flex ductility machine. The results show that T _g of soft segment is the main factor of the cold resistant properties of polyurethane elastomer. Compared with the same relative molecular mass of the polyester and the polyether, the polyether flexibility is better, the glass transition temperature (T _g) is lower and the cold resistant properties is remarkable, for example the cold resistant properties of PU based on poly (tetramethylene glycol), 1, 4-BG and MDI achieves the fifth level. The physics performances of polyurethane elastomers, such as breakdown strength, Young’s modulus and the cold resistant properties, are all superior.     

Melting intercalation method to prepare lauric acid/organophilic montmorillonite shape-stabilized phase change material

A kind of novel shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) was prepared by using a melting intercalation technique. This kind of SSPCM was made of lauric acid (LA) as a phase change material and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) as a support material. And the thermal properties and morphology of the SSPCM were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), scanning calorimeter (DSC), and differential thermal cravimetry (TG). The DSC result shows that the phase change temperature of the SSPCM is close to that of LA, and its latent heat is equivalent to that of the calculated value based on the mass ratio of LA measured by TG. The XRD, SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the LA intercalates into the silicate layers of the OMMT, thus forming a typically intercalted hybrid, which can restrict the molecular chain of the LA within the structure of OMMT at high temperature. And consequently SSPCM can keep its solid state during its solid-liquid phase change processing.     

超高温堆肥过程中微生物群落及其理化性质研究

为了研究微生物在超高温堆肥过程中的变化及其对堆肥的影响,利用聚合酶链式反应 - 变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, PCR - DGGE)技术分析了超高温堆肥畜禽粪便中微生物的组成结构,并检测了其理化性质(温度、含水率、碳氮比(C/N)和pH)随时间的变化情况.研究结果表明:不同堆肥阶段其主要含有的微生物不同,其中优势菌门为Firmicutes; 在超高温堆肥过程中,温度、含水率和C/N随堆肥时间总体呈逐渐下降趋势,而pH随堆肥时间总体变化趋势不大且pH值大于8; 腐熟35 d后发酵基质趋于稳定.该研究结果可为超高温堆肥畜禽粪便发酵菌种的筛选和功能菌剂的制备提供理论基础.     

几种芳香族高性能纤维性能改进研究

芳香族纤维因具有刚性链结构和良好规整性而拥有高强高模、耐高温等性能,被广泛应用于众多产业。介绍了芳纶、聚苯硫醚,聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑三种芳香族纤维的性能特征,详细指出其产业化应用在耐紫外性能、染色性能、界面黏结性和压缩性能方面的不足。此外,还根据现有资料回顾了芳香族纤维在这些方面的改性方法及效果。     

Nanoscale Properties of Boric Acid

Nanoseale properties of boric acid were studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanomechanical testing system. XPS was used to research on the transform behaviors of H3BO3 at different temperatures.The crystal structure, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of H2BO3 were described. The results show that H2BO3 has layered structure, and can be transformed to boron oxide at high temperature. In addition there are a lot of defects in H2BO3 crystal.