微反应器内硝基苯气-液-固三相催化加氢反应

考察了催化剂壁载方式、涂层载体和Pd负载量对微通道内的硝基苯气-液-固三相催化加氢反应的影响以及其并行放大效应.结果表明,与溶胶-凝胶法相比,浸渍法制备的催化剂涂层性能较好,其转化率、选择性分别达到89.2％和93.8％;采用强酸性、大比表面积的载体有利于反应性能的提高;活性组分Pd负载量为2.00 mg,催化剂活性较...     

加氢反应器气液分配盘数值模拟

以加氢反应器UOC(Union Oil Company)型气液分配盘为对象,利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对分配盘内的气液两相流动进行了研究。根据某工厂数据确定了分配盘的几何尺寸,应用原油和氢气为介质,使用群体平衡模型(PBM)等多种计算模型进行计算。计算结果表明,UOC型气液分配盘是依据分配盘上单个分配器的内外压力差作为动力,氢气与原油在分配器内外进行充分的碰撞,达到混合及分配效果。原油通过分配盘后以多个点状峰值状态存在,分配器存在中心聚集现象,消除分配器的中心汇聚现象为其结构改进的主要方向。     

新型气液分配器在加氢反应器的应用

介绍了几种常见的气液分配器形式及工作原理,包括溢流型分配器、抽吸型分配器和混合型分配器,详细介绍了FRIPP开发的新型气液分配器的主体结构和工作原理,该分配器在某公司加氢反应器进行了工业应用,运行结果表明,床层温度分布均匀,同一床层各测温点温差≤1℃,显示了其优异的性能,具有广阔的市场前景。     

连续微反应加氢技术在有机合成中的研究进展

加氢反应是有机合成中很常见的一种反应类型,采用常规的间歇加氢釜具有反应效率低、操作烦琐和安全性差等问题。而连续加氢微反应器进行非均相催化加氢反应能提供更高的传质性能,催化剂的回收利用与产物的纯化也更为方便,能极大地提高生产效率,减少贵金属催化剂的损失。因为这些优点,连续微反应加氢技术得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了连续微反应加氢技术中常用的微反应器与固体金属催化剂类型,以及不同官能团非均相高效催化加氢的研究进展,在此基础,对该技术在精细化工领域的应用进行了展望。连续微反应加氢技术使得加氢过程可以在更安全、更高效、更环保的条件下完成,具有很高的工业应用价值,是未来化学化工领域重点发展的方向之一。     

浅谈液相催化加氢反应器的形式

介绍了目前液相催化加氢反应中遇到的主要几种反应器的形式,并对各种反应器的结构、工作原理及优缺点进行了分析和互相对比,指出自吸式反应器是最适合应用于液相催化加氢反应场合,其中杭州原正化学工程技术装备有限公司是国内较早从事研究开发自吸式搅拌装置的单位,设计和生产制造的自吸式搅拌装置性能比较优越,技术在国内处于领先水平。     

连续相变的加氢反应器

引　言加氢反应是一类强放热反应 ,在采用滴流床反应器的情况下 ,经常遇到由于液体分布不均而导致的催化剂不完全润湿的现象[1] 。当液体反应物中含有挥发性组分时 ,在一定条件下 ,液相反应物可能会蒸发 ,伴随着反应速度的突然增加[2 ] ,使催化剂局部过热而失活 .另外 ,由于液体在催化剂床层中的不均匀分布而使床层出现未被润湿的干区 ,在强放热反应中 ,会经常观察到出现热点 ,床层的轴向温度出现振荡[3] .两相并流向上的固定床反应器 ,由于床层内的持液量较高 ,液体分布均匀 ,催化剂能很好地润湿 ,因此有可能避免出现热点[4 ] .这种操作形…     

精细化工中的催化加氢新技术

骨架钌催化剂的活性骨架钌催化剂的重要特色是比Pd/C、Pt/C、Ru/C、骨架镍等常用加氢催化剂更加活泼,能在室温下催化多种不饱和键的加氢反应,反应速度可以通过改变温度和压力来调节。比如:     

Novel Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors

Multiphase reactors involving gas, liquid, and solid phases have several important applications in the chemical industry, particularly in catalytic processes. Some of the well-known examples are: hydrogenation and oxidation of organic compounds, hydro-processing coal-derived and petroleum oils, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and methanation reactions. Due to the presence of three phases, the problem of reactor design is often important to achieve effective mass and heat transfer as well as a mixing pattern favorable to the particular process. The reactors are mainly of two types: (a) solid catalyst is suspended either by mechanical agitation or gas-induced agitation and (b) solid catalyst is in a fixed bed with concurrent or countercurrent feed of gas and liquid re-actants. The reactor types conventionally used in industry are: (a) mechanically agitated or bubble column slurry reactors and (b) trickle-bed or packed-bed bubble reactor. The various design and modeling aspects of these reactors have been reviewed by Satterfield [1], Chaudhari and Ramachandran [2], Shah [3,4], Ramachandran and Chaudhari [5], Shah et al. [6], and Herskowitz and Smith [7]. In several industrial processes these reactor designs are modified to achieve a certain specific objective, such as better heat or mass transfer, higher catalyst efficiency, better reactor performance and selectivity, etc. Similarly, specially designed reactors are often used for laboratory kinetic studies or to understand a certain phenomenon. Thus, novel multiphase reactors are becoming important from both academic and industrial viewpoints. Some of the recently introduced novel gas-liquid-solid reactor types are: (a) loop recycle slurry reactors, (b) basket-type reactors, (c) ebullated-bed reactors, (d) internal or external recycle reactors, (e) multistage slurry or packed-bed reactors, (f) column reactors with sieve trays or multiple agitators, (g) gas-induced agitated reactors, and (h) horizontal-packed-bed reactors. are being used in several new commercial processes, and various design aspects, such as hydrodynamics and mass and heat transfer, have been the subject of investigations in the last few years. However, no attempt to review the scattered information on these novel gas-liquid-solid reactors has been made. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review important developments in novel gas-liquid-solid reactors. For each type of reactor, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are discussed. Further, the status of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer parameters and scale-up considerations is reviewed. These novel reactor designs are being used in several new commercial processes, and various design aspects, such as hydrodynamics and mass and heat transfer, have been the subject of investigations in the last few years. However, no attempt to review the scattered information on these novel gas-liquid-solid reactors has been made. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review important developments in novel gas-liquid-solid reactors. For each type of reactor, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are discussed. Further, the status of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer parameters and scale-up considerations is reviewed.     

Novel Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors

Multiphase reactors involving gas, liquid, and solid phases have several important applications in the chemical industry, particularly in catalytic processes. Some of the well-known examples are: hydrogenation and oxidation of organic compounds, hydro-processing coal-derived and petroleum oils, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and methanation reactions. Due to the presence of three phases, the problem of reactor design is often important to achieve effective mass and heat transfer as well as a mixing pattern favorable to the particular process. The reactors are mainly of two types: (a) solid catalyst is suspended either by mechanical agitation or gas-induced agitation and (b) solid catalyst is in a fixed bed with concurrent or countercurrent feed of gas and liquid re-actants. The reactor types conventionally used in industry are: (a) mechanically agitated or bubble column slurry reactors and (b) trickle-bed or packed-bed bubble reactor. The various design and modeling aspects of these reactors have been reviewed by Satterfield [1], Chaudhari and Ramachandran [2], Shah [3,4], Ramachandran and Chaudhari [5], Shah et al. [6], and Herskowitz and Smith [7]. In several industrial processes these reactor designs are modified to achieve a certain specific objective, such as better heat or mass transfer, higher catalyst efficiency, better reactor performance and selectivity, etc. Similarly, specially designed reactors are often used for laboratory kinetic studies or to understand a certain phenomenon. Thus, novel multiphase reactors are becoming important from both academic and industrial viewpoints. Some of the recently introduced novel gas-liquid-solid reactor types are: (a) loop recycle slurry reactors, (b) basket-type reactors, (c) ebullated-bed reactors, (d) internal or external recycle reactors, (e) multistage slurry or packed-bed reactors, (f) column reactors with sieve trays or multiple agitators, (g) gas-induced agitated reactors, and (h) horizontal-packed-bed reactors. are being used in several new commercial processes, and various design aspects, such as hydrodynamics and mass and heat transfer, have been the subject of investigations in the last few years. However, no attempt to review the scattered information on these novel gas-liquid-solid reactors has been made. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review important developments in novel gas-liquid-solid reactors. For each type of reactor, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are discussed. Further, the status of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer parameters and scale-up considerations is reviewed. These novel reactor designs are being used in several new commercial processes, and various design aspects, such as hydrodynamics and mass and heat transfer, have been the subject of investigations in the last few years. However, no attempt to review the scattered information on these novel gas-liquid-solid reactors has been made. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review important developments in novel gas-liquid-solid reactors. For each type of reactor, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are discussed. Further, the status of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer parameters and scale-up considerations is reviewed.     

Diastereoselective Hydrogenation in the Preparation of Fine Chemicals

Heterogeneous catalytic diastereoselective hydrogenation is reviewed with a special emphasis on its application in the preparation of fine chemicals.     

气液固三相流化床反应器测试技术

在简述已有三相流化床测试技术的基础上,着重对近年来开发的测试新技术的基本原理及优缺点进行了分析,包括光纤探头技术、超声探头技术、放射颗粒跟踪技术、X射线颗粒跟踪测试技术、颗粒图像测速技术、电容层析成像技术、激光多普勒测速技术和相多普勒测速技术等,同时,展望了三相流化床测试技术的新方向.     

气液固三相床中合成甲醇与二甲醚

叙述了气液固三相催化反应技术的主要特点和应用领域，并着重介绍了三相床合成甲醇和二甲醚的试验研究内容和成果。     

精细化工与中国西部大开发

论述了精细化工多种产品的技术开发、应用开发在中国西部大开发中的作用     

我国有机氟精细化学品及氟化工现状

我国已探明的萤石矿资源总量约占世界总储量的1/3。由于科研、技术、设备等方面相对落后,我国的氟化工还停留在萤石粗加工阶段,相对附加值较高的有机氟衍生物品种单一,大量依赖进口。本文综述了我国含氟精细与专用化学品的生产企业、主要品种、市场供求和科研开发状况,并介绍了日本的部分有机氟产品及其开发与应用情况。日本是有机氟产品深加工的重要基地,市场把握能力和高技术保证了产品的高附加值。