射线源平移扫描 CT 解析重建算法研究

微焦CT通过圆周扫描可对处于视场内的物体实现高分辨力成像。针对超出视场的大物体CT成像,一种射线源平移扫描CT(STCT)被提出。STCT采用射线源直线运动的方式采集投影数据,具有结构简单、应用灵活等特点。由于在STCT扫描过程中,每个位置的射线只能照射到部分物体,投影数据存在截断。为了提高重建效率和处理截断投影数据,提出了基于数据重组的滤波反投影重建算法(rFBP),该算法基于STCT扫描特性和X射线衰减性质,通过对置射线源采样点与探测器像元,将截断投影数据重组为全局投影数据,并在此基础上推导了rFBP算法表达式。仿真和实物实验结果验证了rFBP算法的有效性与实用性,重建时间综合缩短至SIRT算法的0.6%。rFBP算法能避免截断伪影,准确、高效地重建STCT图像。     

基于Monte Carlo模拟的系统矩阵解析算法

系统矩阵是单光子发射计算机断层成像系统(SPECT)中迭代重建算法的关键因素.蒙特卡洛(MC)模拟是计算系统矩阵最准确、最常用的方法,但是标准的MC算法最大的缺点就是耗时太长.为此,提出一种新的解析算法:利用MC模拟的投影数据,拟合准直器的点扩散函数,并以此作为计算系统矩阵的解析表达式.该新算法既缩短了计算耗时又包含了MC投影信息,使得解析计算的系统矩阵与MC模拟的结果相当.因此,该方法可用于修正准直器张角效应对系统矩阵计算的影响.本文采用解析计算得到的系统矩阵,重建了均匀泛源和Jaszczak模型的MC投影图像,重建图像能真实的反映原始图像.     

Akima曲线插补中的空间曲线多项式生成方法研究

基于Akima算法计算简便、生成曲线唯一且平滑自然的优点,将其应用于数控机床的曲线插补.通过参数化方法获取参数,再应用Akima算法建立参数与坐标数据的多项式,完成对该插补算法的空间曲线描述.针对参数化方法的选取,通过Matlab仿真实验,比较了累加弦长参数化方法和修正弦长参数化方法对生成Akima曲线的影响,仿真实验结果表明,修正弦长参数化方法相比于累加弦长参数化方法总体上更接近理想曲线,且误差波动小.     

流场超声层析成像中图像的迭代滤波反投影重建

为提高流场超声层析成像的图像重建质量,提出了一种迭代滤波反投影图像重建算法。该算法借鉴联合迭代重建算法的原理,将滤波反投影算法引入迭代重建过程。首先,利用滤波反投影算法,通过投影数据残差重建误差图像对流场图像进行修正,实现图像的迭代重建。然后,通过优化迭代步长,使每步迭代后投影数据残差均取得极小值以便加快收敛速度。最后,基于流场连续、紧支撑分布的特点,在迭代重建过程中引入投影数据的细分内插和流场图像的圆域修正。实验表明:相比于滤波反投影算法,迭代滤波反投影算法可使理论流场重建的图像误差平均减少26%,流量误差由1.77%减小至±0.25%以内;程序运行时间为0.63s,仅为联合迭代重建算法的0.89%。该算法可实现对直管段内和单弯管下游实际流场的可靠重建,满足流场高精度实时成像的要求。     

应用投影收缩的压缩感知锥束CT短扫描重建

由于锥束CT成像系统在短扫描方式下无法获得完全投影数据,从而限制了图像重建的质量,本文提出了一种基于投影收缩的压缩感知锥束CT短扫描重建算法。考虑BB(Barzilai-Borwen)梯度投影算法的非单调收敛,分析了投影收缩法的预测校正特性,并将校正过程引入到压缩感知图像重建算法中。结合目标函数下降方向和凸集投影下降方向,校正BB梯度投影算法,改善BB梯度投影算法的非单调特性。应用该算法对模拟投影数据和仿体扫描数据分别进行了重建试验。模拟试验结果表明,在25个采样角度下,用提出算法重建图像的信噪比值比自适应最速下降-凸集投影算法、投影收缩算法和BB梯度投影算法的重建结果分别高出9.487 0、9.802 7、3.615 9dB。仿真试验结果表明:在少量投影角度下该算法重建结果有效抑制了条状伪影,清晰重建出边缘细节,极大提高了少量投影数据重建图像的质量。     

基于反投影的MIT动态图像重建方法研究

磁感应断层成像(magnetic induction tomography,MIT)是一种无创、非接触的新型医学成像技术,图像重建算法是实现MIT快速、精确成像的关键.提出一种改进的反投影图像重建算法,首先根据成像区域的磁场分布,由磁力线确定反投影路径,降低了直线反投影用于磁场成像的定位误差;其次根据MIT电磁关系推导,构建了边界检测数据的修正模型,据此对边界相位差数据进行修正处理,进一步提高了重建图像定位准确性;最后分别对成像区域内扰动目标电导率大小变化及位置变化2种情况,构建了序列重建图像,对该图像序列联合分析获取纵向阻抗变化信息,反映了成像体随时间变化的动态信息.实验结果表明该算法具有重建速度快、定位准确的特性,能够准确反映成像区域内部电导率变化,结合序列图像联合分析实现MIT动态成像.     

正则化优化修正的电容层析成像图像重建算法

提出一种基于正则化优化修正的电容层析成像图像重建算法。首先利用 Tikhonov正则化法求解系统的逆问题 ,解决逆问题解的不适定性 ;然后利用优化修正法对初始图像进行修正 ,以提高重建图像的质量。实验结果表明 ,该法在重建图像质量和图像重建速率两方面均具有优势。     

基于加权奇异值分解截断共轭梯度的电容层析图像重建

针对电容层析成像技术(ECT)中的"软场"效应和病态问题,提出了一种基于加权奇异值分解(SVD)截断共轭梯度的电容层析(ECT)图像重建算法。阐述了电容层析成像工作原理,提出了12电极ECT系统的测量方法。在分析灵敏度矩阵的奇异值分解理论的基础上,推导出了加权SVD截断共轭梯度的数学模型,并利用Tikhonov方法进行正则化加权处理。最后,分析了算法的收敛性,并将其应用于电容层析成像系统的图像重建中。实验结果表明,对于层流,截断共轭梯度算法的平均误差能达到27.54%,全部流型平均迭代步数达到13步,与LBP、Landweber和CG算法比较,该算法具有成像效果好,成像速度快,易于实现等特点。     

应用变权全变分重建抑制CT金属伪影

提出一种基于变权全变分(RWTV)迭代重建的金属伪影校正算法以抑制CT系统重建图像中出现的金属伪影。该算法应用自定义的权值函数对全变分模型做加权惩罚,生成权值全变分模型;通过交替解权值全变分最小化过程和更新权值步骤实现变权全变分重建算法。应用该算法对数值模型和临床图像前向投影生成的投影数据分别进行了重建实验。数值模型实验结果表明:在60个采样角度下,用提出算法重建的图像具有最高的空间分辨率特性;且信噪比值较平滑插值金属伪影校正算法、全变分约束最优化算法的重建结果分别高出17.523 6和7.145 2dB。临床数据实验结果表明:该算法重建结果有效抑制了CT金属伪影,清晰重建出颅骨内的细节解剖结构,极大提高了重建图像的质量。     

基于Delaunay三角剖分的多相流射线层析成像

为提高多相流CT系统重建图像质量,提出基于Delaunay三角剖分的射线层析成像方法.根据模型构造点集,对管道截面进行多尺度Delaunay三角剖分,根据三角形重心在探测阵列上的投影到其最近探测阵列元的归一化距离,确定各剖分单元的投影系数,并采用不同的重建算法进行图像重建.仿真与实验结果表明,该方法可利用少量投影数据重建图像,改善了工业多相流检测中投影数据不完整造成的图像失真;与均匀剖分相比,多尺度剖分明显改进了图像精度和实时性.     

Evaluating image reconstruction methods in improving effective parameters on image quality in IRI-microPET

We intend to improve the image reconstruction for RMS contrast, spatial resolution and signal-to-noise (SNR) parameters for the animal positron emission tomograph IRI—microPET (IRI-Islamic Republic of Iran), designed and built at the Gamma scan laboratory of nuclear science and technology research institute. Acquired images quality from this system depends on different algorithms for image reconstruction in addition to its design and construction. In this paper, system features and tomography method are considered, firstly. Then, image reconstruction algorithms (MLEM, SART, and FBP) were performed on sinogarm. Acquired images quality from these reconstructed algorithms was compared with RMS contrast, spatial resolution and SNR characteristics. Also, reconstructed time and speed of process for three algorithms was considered. According to results, obtained RMS contrast, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio (SNR) from reconstructed images with MLEM algorithm shows superiority of MLEM algorithm against the SART and FBP algorithms but its computation time is high. Thus, SART algorithm can be suitable replacement for MLEM algorithm.     

Evaluation of Electrical Resistance Tomography imaging algorithms to monitor settling slurry pipe flow

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) is used in process tomography to measure multi-phase fluid flow in pipes. ERT has the advantage of a non-invasive interface, but has challenges such as noise, a relatively low spatial resolution and the ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Many different image reconstruction algorithms have been developed in the medical imaging community, which offer promise to help improve ERT performance. However, no evaluation or methodology for comparison of different algorithms for industrial applications is available. To provide such an evaluation, we tested six ERT reconstruction algorithms for the identification in static and dynamic flow situations. Metrics were developed to evaluate the algorithms in terms of image quality and accuracy, different objects/shapes and coarse solids bed levels were tested statically in a spool piece, and bed levels dynamically in a pipe loop. An algorithm comparison methodology was developed and used to evaluate the different images based on the results obtained. Overall, results show significant variability between reconstruction algorithms, with some giving poor results at the pipe boundary and others poor results at the centre of the image. We identified two high performing algorithms and show that averages of individual algorithm images can achieve improved performance.     

Study on the inner surface finishing of irregular spatial elbow pipe by the centerline reconstruction

Due to the compact space structure of aerospace engine, the structure of the inner spatial elbow pipe of the engine exhibits irregular geometric characteristics, which makes the inner surface of the curved pipe difficult to polish, especially the bending place’s surface quality cannot be ensured. It is centerline reconstruction that can be a good solution to this problem, which measures the outer surface contour line and generates the spatial point cloud of the elbow pipe and thus, the irregular geometric centerline of the spatial elbow pipe is rebuilt. Furthermore, the polishing path of the spatial elbow pipe is calculated and optimized. At the same time, using of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) has well in flexible machining characteristics, the outer space of the elbow pipe is loaded with rotating magnetic field, so as to get form a “magnetic abrasive brush” inside the tube, achieve the purpose of bending the inner surface finishing. Under the same processing time, compared with the pure manual measuring magnetic grain processing, the reconstruction of the center line of the magnetic processing can make the space bend surface roughness lowered to 0.11 μm, which improves the processing quality of the tube surface and the processing efficiency.     

基于加权SVD截断共轭梯度的ECT图像重建算法

针对电容层析成像技术中的“软场”效应和病态问题,基于灵敏度矩阵的奇异值分解理论,提出了一种加权SVD截断共轭梯度的ECT图像重建算法,给出了算法的数学模型,完成了算法的收敛性分析和证明,并将其应用在电容层析成像系统的图像重建中。仿真和实验结果表明,同LBP算法和CG算法相比,该算法有成像效果好,成像速度快,易于实现等特点。     

Enhancing the reconstruction of acoustic source field using wavelet transformation

This paper shows the use of wavelet transformation combined with inverse acoustics to reconstruct the surface velocity of a noise source. This approach uses the boundary element analysis based on the measured sound pressure at a set of field points, the Helmholtz integral equations and wavelet transformation for reconstructing the normal surface velocity field. The reconstructed field can be diverged due to the small measurement errors in the case of nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) using an inverse boundary element method. In order to avoid this instability in the inverse problem, the reconstruction process should include some form of regularization for enhancing the resolution of source images. The usual method of regularization has been the truncation of wave vectors associated with small singular values, although the order of an optimal truncation is difficult to determine. In this paper, a wavelet transformation is applied to reduce the computation time for inverse acoustics and to enhance the reconstructed vibration field. The computational speed-up is achieved, with solution time being reduced to 14.5%.     

基于ASODVS的全景相机运动估计及管网3D重构技术

针对地下管网的空间三维测量、三维形貌重构难等问题,提出了一种基于主动式全方位视觉传感器(ASODVS)的相机运动估计及管网3D重构解决方案。通过携带有ASODVS的管道机器人进入管道内部,实时获取管道内壁纹理全景图像和全景激光扫描图像;首先对全景激光扫描图像处理解析出投射在管道内壁上的激光中心点,通过计算得到管道横截面的点云数据;另一方面,对全景纹理图像进行处理,首先利用快速鲁棒性特征(SURF)算法快速提取特征点并进行匹配,然后采用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法去除误匹配点,接着利用全景相机的极几何原理估计相机运动位姿,并利用光束法平差(BA)进行优化,最后利用相机运动位姿将相机坐标系下的点云坐标实时转换到世界坐标系下,完成对地下管网的三维重构。实验结果表明,所提出的方案能够精确估计相机运动位姿,实时对管道内部进行三维重构,实现了管道检测机器人边行走、边采集数据、边检测分析处理、边三维建模的设计目标。     

A non-convex regularization method combined with Landweber method for image reconstruction in electrical resistance tomography

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is a promising technique with which the conductivity distribution in the detected region can be visualized. Mathematically, the reconstruction of conductivity distribution is a seriously ill-posed inverse problem which poses a great challenge for the ERT sensing technique. The regularization method has been found to be an effective approach in coping with the inverse problem. In this work, a novel reconstruction strategy which combines the non-convex regularization method with Landweber method is proposed for the image reconstruction in ERT. At each iteration, the non-convex regularization is used to constrain the conductivity calculated with the Landweber method. A simple and efficient generalized iterated shrinkage algorithm is developed to solve the proposed method. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a series of numerical simulation is conducted and comparative analysis with other methods is performed. From the results, it can be observed that images with high quality are obtained when reconstructing with the proposed method. The impact of noise on the reconstruction is also investigated which shows that the images reconstructed by the proposed method are the least sensitive to the noise. The performance of the proposed method in the image reconstruction is also verified by experimental data. The results demonstrate that the inclusion is accurately reconstructed and the background is clear when the proposed method is adopted for the image reconstruction.     

含缺陷高压管道复合材料补强有限元模拟

针对输气管道存在缺陷时容易引起气体的泄漏,利用高压管道复合材料补强力学模型,用有限元方法计算了在不同管道尺寸、厚度、缺陷面积和缺陷深度下用复合材料补强的最小层数,并绘出了补强厚度与缺陷面积和深度的关系图。计算结果表明,在极限输送气压下,缺陷深度和面积是决定补强层数的主要因素。     

Region-of-interest tomography using filtered backprojection: assessing the practical limits

There are many cases where it is desirable to reconstruct at high resolution a small volume from a larger sample. Here we describe the outcomes of a reconstruction trial based on real samples aimed at delineating the practical limits to which a small region of interest can be viewed from a large sample. Our approach has been to artificially truncate the sinograms of whole sample scans to simulate region of interest tomography. A simple filtered back projection algorithm has been applied, with the sinograms extended laterally in a simple manner to make up for the truncated portions. The impact of the degree of truncation (from 0% down to 99%), the number of projections used, as well as the position of the region of interest, on the faithfulness of the reconstruction is evaluated for a range of sample types. We have assessed the nature of, and extent to which, artefacts are introduced and the degree to which simple strategies can minimize them to an acceptable level without the need for complex reconstruction algorithms, projection stitching strategies or very large detectors. It is found that for a wide range of objects the effect of truncation on feature detection is negligible and that excellent images can be reconstructed if the number of projections is calculated not on the basis of the number of pixels on the camera, but on the number of pixels that would be required to scan the whole sample at the chosen pixel resolution. This paper demonstrates that in many cases more sophisticated reconstruction strategies are not necessary.