Nuttall窗加权谐波分析算法及其在电能计量中的应用

采用FFT进行电网信号谐波参数分析时存在频谱泄漏,准确度较低.研究提出了一种基于Nuttall窗函数的频谱相位差校正算法,分析了Nuttall窗函数的时域、频域特性,建立了频谱相位差校正算法的流程,推导了信号谐波参数计算式,给出了算法在三相谐波电能计量中的实现方法.采用Nuttall窗对电压、电流信号进行加权,利用Nuttall窗旁瓣电平低、旁瓣衰减快的特点可有效减少频谱泄漏:运用频谱相位差校正方法进行信号频谱校正与分析,不必求解高次方程即可实现电网信号谐波参数分析.仿真与实际运行结果表明,非同步采样情况下,本文算法可以准确地实现电网信号谐波分析,实现电能的准确计量.     

频谱泄漏抑制与改进介损角测量算法研究

研究分析了非同步采样时频谱泄漏和栅栏效应对介损角测量误差的影响,提出了一种基于Hanning自卷积窗的改进FFT介损角测量算法.首先采用Hanning自卷积窗对电压电流信号加权,然后利用离散频谱插值算法和多项式拟合方法进行离散频谱校正,获得基波相位角,最后根据电压、电流基波相位差实现介损角测量.在非同步采样时,本文算法只需用4阶Hanning自卷积窗进行加权即可充分抑制频谱泄漏的影响,基于改进FFT的介损角插值计算式具有运算量小,易于实现的特点.基波频率波动、采样频率变化、白噪声影响、谐波变化等情况下的介损角仿真测量实验结果和实验室条件下的实际测量结果验证了本文算法的准确性和有效性.     

谐波电能计量的比差与角差校正方法

分压电路、电流互感器(TA)的比例误差和电流互感器的相角误差是谐波电能计量装置误差的主要来源.本文在分析谐波电能计量的电压、电流信号采集与调理等效电路基础上,建立了谐波条件下的电能计量比差、角差的误差模型,提出了谐波电能计量的比差与角差修正方法;针对宽量程仪用电流互感器的非线性误差,通过多项式曲线拟合得到了修正模型,据此提出了选取曲线拐点作为电能计量校准点的比差、角差分段线性化校正方法,提高了全测量范围内的谐波电压、谐波电流和谐波电能计量准确度.在本文算法基础上研制的三相多功能谐波电能表的基波有功误差≤0.2%,基波无功误差≤1%,2～21次谐波电压测量误差≤2%、谐波电流测量误差≤5%、谐波相位测量误差≤5°,满足GB/T-14549-93的A类谐波测量仪器要求.     

非整周期采样条件下有功电能计量的新算法

非整周期采样条件下,应用FFT算法对信号进行分析时,会产生频谱泄漏,从而使有功电能的计量产生误差。在明确基波有功电能和谐波有功电能的定义,并证明负载所消耗的总有功电能与电压电流信号的频谱之间存在一定关系基础上,提出一种基于谐波子组加窗FFT的有功电能计量新算法。类似于IEC标准中谐波子组的分组方法,对加窗信号的频谱进行分组,并基于加窗前后信号总有功电能保持不变而得到电能恢复系数;同时,应用谐波子组内谱线的参数信息测算出基波有功电能和谐波有功电能值。数值仿真分析和实际应用验证发现,若该新算法配合以Hanning窗进行信号处理,其在测算基波有功电能和谐波有功电能时均具有较高的准确度。     

无功补偿控制器中数据采集及FFT算法处理

控制器集无功补偿、电度量计量、电能质量监测以及通信于一体，将三相电压、电流信号通过传感器进行转换和信号调理，送入单片机80K196KC中的A／D转换器，通过对信号一个周期内的等间隔采样和将电压、电流作为复序列的实部和虚部对采样数据进行快速傅里叶变换处理(FFT)，对电压、电流信号进行频域分析，从而得到各有关电量参数，实现无功补偿、电度量计量及电能质量监测功能。对谐波分析的基本原理、采样方法和采样数据处理的方法进行了详尽阐述，给出了硬件电路和软件设计方法。而且，对数据进行处理的FFT算法进行了分析。本算法经实际测量表明：精度满足无功补偿、电度量计量及电能质量监测的要求。     

基于泄漏对消的电力谐波相角高精度估计算法

采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行电力系统谐波分析时,受频谱泄漏和栅栏效应的影响,相角估计误差往往较大.为减小这类误差,提出一种基于频谱泄漏对消的谐波相角高精度估计算法,结合余弦组合窗时域和频域特性,综合考虑长、短范围频谱泄漏的影响,推导了基于余弦组合窗的插值FFT谐波相角计算式.该算法首先运用基于余弦组合窗的插值FFT方法获得频率偏差估计值,然后采用离散频谱泄漏对消方法进行信号谐波相角估计,实现简单,准确度高.非同步采样情况下,采用典型余弦组合窗(Hanning、Blackman、Blackman-Harris、Rife-Vincent(I)、Nuttall等)进行信号谐波相角估计的仿真实验与应用验证了本文算法的准确性和有效性.     

基于改进平方检测和新型K-N互卷积窗的闪变参数检测

传统的数字式闪变仪研制主要根据IEC闪变测量原理将各环节的模拟滤波器转换为数字滤波器来实现,但数字滤波器的效果受限于采样频率和变换方法的选取。提出利用解析模式分解改进传统平方检测法的滤波环节,准确提取电压闪变包络信号,构建新型K-N互卷积窗函数,推导基于新型K-N互卷积窗三谱线插值修正算法,据此提出基于改进平方检测法和新型KN互卷积窗的闪变参数检测方法,开发基于虚拟仪器的闪变参数检测平台。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法在单一频率调制、多频率调制、电网频率波动、含有叠加谐波及噪声干扰的情况下,均能有效实现闪变参数的准确检测,相较于传统检测方法,实现简单且具有更高的准确度。     

基于Kaiser窗相位差校正的电力谐波分析与应用

采用基本窗函数和广义余弦窗函数对信号加权可减少频谱泄漏和栅栏效应的影响,但其效果受到窗函数固定旁瓣性能的制约.Kaiser窗可定义一组可调的窗函数,自由选择主瓣与旁瓣衰减之间的比重,因此能全面地反映主瓣与旁瓣衰减之间的交换关系.对信号非同步采样和非整周期截断时的频谱进行了分析,讨论了Kaiser窗的主、旁瓣特性,提出了基于Kaiser窗相位差校正的电力谐波分析方法,推导了信号基波与各次谐波频率、幅值、初相角的计算式.仿真结果表明:Kaiser窗函数设计实现灵活、抑制频谱泄漏效果好,Kaiser窗相位差校正算法克服了基波频率波动对谐波分析的影响,对含21次谐波信号的基波频率计算相对误差仅为1.0×10-7%,幅值计算相对误差≤0.000 6%,初相位计算相对误差≤0.008%,三相谐波分析与谐波电能计量应用实践证明了该方法的正确性.     

噪声影响下的高准确度介损角测量方法研究

基于FFT的介损角检测方法易于硬件实现,但其准确度受频谱泄漏和噪声的影响较大.为此,提出了一种基于Black-man自卷积窗的高准确度介损角检测算法,建立了噪声影响下介损角检测结果的统计描述模型.首先采用Blackman自卷积窗对噪声影响下的畸变信号进行加权,其次利用离散频谱对称插值算法计算基波相位角,然后根据电压与电流基波相位差实现介损角检测,最后根据测量不确定度传播原理,推导了噪声对介损角检测准确度的统计模型,并通过仿真和实际检测2验证了本文算法和统计模型的正确性和可行性.     

基于ARM和ATT7022C的电能质量监测终端的设计

本文以ARM STM32F103VE6和电表芯片ATT7022C为主构建了电能质量监测终端,利用电表芯片ATT7022C实现对电网电压、电流、频率、功率因素等诸多参数的采样,以ARMSTM32F103VE6芯片做CPU对采样到的数据进行频率准同步转换和FFT计算实现对谐波的测量,该装置可以实现对公用配电网的电压、电流、有功、无功、谐波等参数的精确测量,为公用配电网进行能源监测、无功补偿和谐波治理提供了有效的在线监测手段.     

基于ADE7757的智能电能计量仪

介绍了ADE7757芯片的结构和测量原理,并提出了一种以ADE7757和P87LPC764单片机为核心的电能测量的方法。该测量方法使输入的电压、电流值在芯片内部完成功率运算,经单片机换算,得到有功功率和电能的测量值。由于采集的电压、电流信号均作了数字化处理,使整个测量具有电路简单、抗干扰性能好、测试精度高等优点。     

电力系统谐波研究综述

随着电力工业的发展和电力市场的开放,各种非线性元件在电力系统中大量使用,这些非线性元件产生大量的谐波导致电压和电流的波形产生畸变,严重威胁着电网安全和经济运行.同时谐波对电力系统其他用电设备也产生了严重的危害及影响.因此设计一种更精确的谐波检测方法和设计合理高效的滤波装置将成为未来谐波研究的主要方向.该文从分析谐波的产...     

高压电力线路相位无线检测方法的研究与实现

本文提出一种高压电力线路相位无线检测的新方法，该方法由2个发送装置和1个接收装置组成，发送装置主要利用电磁耦合和限幅电路采集电网电压信号，将采集到的电网电压信号进行ASK调制发送到接收装置，接收装置将接收到的来自2个发送装置的电压信号进行解调，解调后恢复原来相位信号进行实时比较得到相位脉冲信号，从而间接地实现了对被测线路不同相之间的相位进行检测，发送模块采用高频发送来解决强磁场干扰问题，利用该技术已成功地开发了高压电力线路无线核相仪，该装置可以方便地对电网并网合闸进行检测。     

Estimation of time-varying power quality indices using a computationally efficient algorithm

In this paper a new recursive adaptive filter based on a fast Gauss–Newton method has been proposed for the estimation of power quality (PQ) indices for time-varying voltage and current signals in an electric power system. The presented algorithm is based on the minimization of a weighted forgetting factor based error cost function by the use of Recursive Gauss–Newton method. Further a Hessian matrix approximation is used to produce a fast recursive algorithm, which is immune to random noise, waveform distortion and increases the speed of convergence and accuracy. The algorithm models the typical time-varying signal and the accompanied distortions due to harmonics and random noise in a manner that will be suitable for real-time PQ indices estimation. Further, the forgetting factor is tuned in accordance with signal error covariance to provide improved performance. Also power system frequency variations are estimated and correction factors are derived. The effects of sub harmonics, and interharmonics in the signal have been considered while estimating the various PQ indices.     

A new combined method in active filter design for power quality improvement in power systems

The voltage & current harmonics produced by nonlinear loads in power systems cause a reduction in power quality. In order to improve the power quality, active power filters (APFs) can be used. In this paper, a new control system for designing active filters despite nonlinear loads of electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is presented. The system is composed of three main parts: computation of reference currents, regulation of DC capacitor voltage, and production of firing pulses. In the first part, the active filter control system is presented based on the combination of the synchronous detection method and instantaneous power theory. In the second part, the DC capacitor voltage regulator is applied, producing a reference current and a proper voltage regulator is developed. For the third part of the control system, we use a PI controller to provide some conditions that follow the reference current in a complete cycle, and generate firing pulses by the hysteresis method. The proposed control system not only reduces the voltage and current harmonics in power systems but can also improve the power quality indices. The above design was implemented in the EAF system of the Mobarakeh steel complex (Isfahan, Iran). The simulation results show the effectiveness of the APFs in improving the power quality indices.     

A quadratic polynomial signal model and fuzzy adaptive filter for frequency and parameter estimation of nonstationary power signals

Accurate estimation of amplitude, phase and frequency of a sinusoid in the presence of harmonics/inter harmonics and noise plays an important role in a wide variety of power system applications, like protection, control and state monitoring. With this objective, the paper presents a novel hybrid approach for the accurate estimation of dynamic power system frequency, phasor and in addition to suppressing the effect of harmonics/interharmonics and noise in the voltage and current signals. The algorithm assumes that the current during a fault occurring on a power system consists of a decaying dc component, and time variant fundamental and harmonic phasors. For accurate estimation of fundamental frequency, phasor, decaying dc and ac components in the fault current or voltage signal, the algorithm uses a quadratic polynomial signal model and a fuzzy adaptive ADALINE filter with a modified Gauss–Newton algorithm. Extensive study has been carried out to demonstrate the performance analysis and fast convergence characteristic of the proposed algorithm. The proposed method can also be implemented for accurate estimation of dynamic variations in the amplitude and phase angles of the harmonics and inter harmonics mixed with high noise conditions.     

Pure harmonics extracting from time-varying power signal based on improved empirical mode decomposition

Harmonic decomposition makes a great impact on power system operation, especially devices with frequency converters are widely used in modern society. In this paper, a hybrid method based on improved empirical mode decomposition enhanced with masking signals is presented to extract single-frequency harmonics from disturbed power signals accurately. The parameters for building masking signals are optimized by cooperative chaotic particle swarm optimization, where the Logistic chaos and cooperative evolution are employed to improve the convergence accuracy and avoid trapping into local minima. For improving the performance further, the improved fast Fourier transform based on Nuttall window and harmonics pre-extracting procedure are introduced to enhance the decomposition accuracy and reduce the instantaneous magnitude error in extracting time-varying power signal. The synthetic and field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method reveals significant improvements in the integrality and decomposition accuracy of harmonics extracted from time-varying power signal.     

有源功率因数校正电路在电动叉车充电装置中的应用

为了解决电动叉车在充电过程中产生的谐波,提高电能利用效率,保证输出稳定的电压,设计了以UC3854芯片为核心的有源功率因数校正电路。采用抑制干扰强的双闭环控制方法,电流内环保证输入电流与输入电压同相位,电压外环保证输出电压的稳定。设计了电路拓扑结构,确定了电路元件参数,利用Matlab软件对系统进行了建模仿真。仿真结果显示:网侧输入端电流跟随输入电压变化且无相位差,网侧功率因数在0.99以上,电能传输效率大于97%,APFC电路的输出电压稳定,系统动态性能好,为充电系统中后续电路的供电质量提供可靠保障。     

Power quality performance of energy-efficient low-wattage LED lamps

Light-emitting Diode (LED) lamps are more versatile and energy efficient compared with conventional light sources. This paper investigates two main problems related to power quality, namely, the harmonic generation from LED lamps and the effect of voltage sags on LED lamps. Laboratory tests on various LED lamps are conducted and the electrical characteristics of LED lamps are tapped under different conditions. Frequency domain analysis is then performed to investigate the generated harmonics. Then, voltage sag sensitivity analysis is performed by obtaining signals from a photo sensor, the different parts of a lamp ballast, and input voltage. The analysis includes the effects of varying sag depth and voltage sag duration. The findings are compared with the SEMI F47 standard curve, which predicts the effects of voltage sags on lamp performance. Experimental results show that the LED lamps produce a considerable amount of current harmonics. Moreover, different types of LED lamps were found to produce different levels of current harmonic depending on the ballast configuration. This harmonic distortion can be reduced by combining various types of LED lamps. Voltage sag tests show that all the tested lamps are sensitive to sag depth and sag duration.