亚热带地域现代主义的探索和实践——华南建筑学人综述

华南建筑学科创建于1932年勷勤大学建筑工程学系,其后历经中山大学(1938-1952)、华南工学院(1952-1988)等不同阶段。文章对建筑学科的发展历程及各个时期的华南建筑学入进行了综述,认为亚热带地域现代主义是华南建筑学科的核心价值。     

中国近代建筑教育一个非“鲍扎”个案的形成:勷勤大学建筑工程学系的现代主义教育与探索

作为近代中国最早建立的大学建筑系之一,广东省立勷勤大学建筑工程学系在教学体系和现代主义思想传播等方面具有十分重要的研究价值。本文通过分析该系教学体系和学术风尚的形成与发展,认为勷大建筑系现代主义思想的传播与其建筑教育模式有着必然的联系。在注重工程技术和实践的教学体系下,勷勤大学建筑工程学系的现代主义教育和探索成为必然。     

平湖虬廊戏碧波——莫伯治泮溪酒家泮岛餐厅及画舫设计思想研究与复建设计

回顾岭南建筑大师莫伯治主持的广州泮溪酒家继1960年首期工程后的1974年开始的扩建历程,根据其化整为零、曲直结合的空间布局与指导思想,以泮岛餐厅和画舫为主,分析当代岭南庭园艺术在现代主义美学理论影响下的设计风格与形式特点,与同时期国际水准的作品横向比较,肯定其建筑、庭园、室内装饰三结合创作水平所达到的高度,遵循其创作路线,结合复建工程设计,探讨在现代主义美学理论的推动下进一步繁荣岭南庭园艺术形式的意义.     

佘畯南庭园创作思想演变及其社会情境分析

佘畯南作为重要的岭南建筑师,他的庭园创作思想对岭南以及中国现代园林的发展产生了深远影响。基于对佘畯南庭园作品的梳理,将其庭园创作历程概括为探索、发展和高峰三个主要阶段,并结合广州友谊剧院、广州东方宾馆新楼及广州白天鹅宾馆三个代表性案例,还原设计时的相关社会情境,总结出佘畯南庭园创作思想的演变过程,即最初将庭园作为体现岭南建筑地域性的手段,而后在愈加丰富的现代主义形式中进行"为人"设计的表达,最后在国际化的设计中回归对中国传统园林文化意义的探索。     

大理市第六建筑工程有限公司

大理市第六建筑工程有限公司成立于一九八五年。一九九八年为适应现代企业制度发展需要，解决企业发展中存在的困难，促进企业向规范化、制度化、集团化发展，结合企业实际，改制为大理市第六建筑工程有限公司，成为大理市乡镇建筑企业的第一家非公有制经济的股份公司。为大理州体制改革作出了积极的贡献。     

现代岭南建筑气候适应性策略探析

适应气候是建筑产生的根源和不断发展变化的内在动力,建筑的气候适应性是建筑最主要的地域性特征体现。该文从现代主义建筑的产生分析得出现代岭南建筑气候适应性策略的对外开放性特征,并结合其发展历程,从底层架空、可控界面和流动空间三个方面进行具体分析。在建筑设计中综合运用这三个主要策略,可以很好地满足岭南湿热气候的要求。这些策略不但起到了建筑节能减排的作用,同时也是创作地域建筑特色的重要方法。     

郑祖良在岭南的学术创刊活动及其影响评析

郑祖良先生作为现代岭南建筑与园林界的杰出代表，对岭南现代建筑的理论与创作贡献极大。郑祖良除了主持众多岭南城市园林的规划设计，还毕生致力于岭南学术刊物创办主编工作。本文重点介绍郑祖良先生主要参与的《新建筑》、《广东园林》和《南方建筑》的办刊历程，并就其对岭南现代建筑与园林的影响作出评析。     

建筑工程机械制造业四十年

新中国成立40年来，我国的建筑工程机械制造业，经历了艰难曲折，从无到有，从小到大的历程。今天，已发展成独立的比较完整的体系，取得了可喜的成就，为国民经济建设作出了应有的贡献。     

岭南现代建筑先驱——夏昌世

本文通过介绍中国著名建筑师夏昌世在岭南现代建筑设计和教育方面的开拓性探索,展示了这位被誉为中国现代主义建筑创作最重要的探索者、践行者和传播者之一的岭南建筑师,在岭南现代建筑发展进程中的先驱作用。     

夏昌世的创作思想及其对岭南现代建筑的影响

文章通过对岭南现代建筑的一代宗师夏昌世先生生平及创作思想的分析.阐述他如何在特定历史时期的社会政治环境下,执着坚持现代主义建筑精神,在建筑设计创作及建筑教育上影响及带动了岭南现代建筑发展的风气。夏先生将西方现代主义建筑思想与岭南地域特色相结合,对岭南现代建筑的发展和走向,产生了重要的影响。     

广义文脉与规划设计教育

城市规划设计教育不仅应关注历史化,还应关注自然、社会和经济;不仅应关注地方和传统,还应关注全球和未来。城市规划教育应掌握正确的发展观和方法论,肩负起发展地万脉的历史使命,保护社会公众的利益,推动城市持续发展。     

Perchlorate in raw and drinking water sources in England and Wales

A well‐known use of perchlorate is as a rocket fuel propellant; however, more widespread uses include in munitions and fireworks, and it also occurs naturally. Perchlorate suppresses the thyroid, which can lead to a variety of adverse effects. It is a widespread contaminant in the United States, but limited occurrence data in the United Kingdom exist, and even less for drinking water. Monitoring of 20 raw and treated drinking water sites in England and Wales, covering four seasonal periods, showed that perchlorate is a low‐level background contaminant of raw and treated drinking water. Low concentrations (treated drinking water: <0.020–2.073 μg/L, mean 0.747 μg/L) were detected at every higher‐risk site. The concentrations were comparable in each of the four sampling exercises and no significant trends were apparent relating to the time of year, the type of risk or the method of chlorination. Limited data showed that removal by ion exchange and granular‐activated carbon may occur.     

Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues

Using neutron activation analysis, vanadium was analysed in a range of foods, human body fluids and tissues. On the basis of these results and those of other workers, it was concluded that daily dietary intake amounts to some tens of micrograms. Analysis of body fluids (including milk, blood and excreta) and organs and tissues provided an estimate for the total body pool of vanadium in man of about 100 μg. Vanadium was not detectable in blood and urine at the level of 0.3 ng/g, while low levels were found in muscle, fat, bone, teeth and other tissues. The relationship between dietary intake to pulmonary absorption is discussed in relation to the occurrence of vanadium in man-made air particulates. The very low levels found in milks and eggs suggest minimal vanadium requirements in growth. The findings are discussed in the light of previous results and also in relation to the possible essentiality of vanadium.     

Lead and cadmium contents in cereals and pulses in north-eastern China

It is known that, unlike Japanese, Koreans or southern Chinese who depend on rice as a major source of energy for daily life, people in north-eastern China rely not only on rice, but on wheat and other cereals and to a lesser extent also on pulses. Cereal and pulse samples were collected from open markets in north-eastern China, and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) for two potentially hazardous heavy metals — lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The average Pb level in cereals (31.3 ng Pb/g as a geometric mean) and that of pulses (25.7 ng Pb/g) were similar to each other with no significant difference. Among the cereals, Pb contents were higher in foxtail millet (54.3 ng/g) and lower in maize (35.4 ng Pb/g; grain and flour in combination), wheat flour (28.8 ng Pb/g) and rice flour (22.7 ng Pb/g). Lead levels in two important types of pulses, kidney bean and soybean (24.6 and 30.8 ng Pb/g, respectively), were comparable to the levels in rice and wheat. In contrast, Cd levels were substantially higher in pulses (55.7 ng Cd/g) than in cereals (9.2 ng Cd/g), and among the pulses, Cd in soybean (55.7 ng Cd/g) was significantly higher than that in kidney bean (23.8 ng Cd/g). The possible public health implication of the Pb and Cd levels, especially the high Pb level in foxtail millet (54.3 ng Pb/g) and the high Cd level in soybean (73.5 ng Cd/g), is discussed.     

武汉城市景观文化生态保护建设的问题与对策

城市文化生态是形成城市特色的文化要素。历史古迹,优秀建筑,空间形态,环境特色,作为城市文化生态的显现部分,既是城市文化底蕴直观生动的反映,也是市民的情感港湾和精神家园。理应得到珍惜和保护。该文在系统地概括武汉景观文化生态特点的基础上,重点分析了当前武汉城市景观规划建设中的文化生态问题,提出了武汉今后改进城市景观文化生态规划建设的对策建议。     

工程管理BIM 教育课程建设与融合分析

为满足建筑行业BIM 人才培养需求,工程管理BIM 教育培养实践将呈现多元化多层次的发展趋势。基于2013 版《高等学校工程管理本科指导性专业规范》,建筑行业未来发展BIM 需求和国际标杆院校BIM 课程建设经验,提出依托工程管理人才培养的五大知识领域,构建工程管理BIM 交叉知识单元和知识点,解答了国内工程管理BIM 教育应该如何搭建培养层次、课程发展方向、课程学习目标和课程融合等问题。     

Driving forces and status of automation and robotics in construction in Europe

Automation and robotics in Europe are concentrated on concrete and asphalt mixing, concrete block and pipe making, precast concrete units and masonry prefabrication, control of mobile construction machinery, tunnelling, and renewing of buildings and sewers. The development has been going at a slow pace, because not all prerequisites to the introduction of these new technologies are fulfilled in the construction industry. Limited need for construction works on one hand, and shortage of skilled workers as well as new demands and tasks on the other hand stimulate the development—performed by manufacturers, construction companies, universities and institutes—in different ways. However, a survey around a lot of European specialists allows to draw a uniform picture of the driving forces and the current status of research, development, and usage of automation and robotics in construction (ARC).     

民用工程厨卫渗漏与防治

针对民用工程中渗漏这一质量通病,从原材料、施工工艺、成品保护等方面分析了厨房、卫生间渗漏的原因,介绍了相应的防治措施,经过实践应用,效果明显,保证了用户的使用安全。     

Mould Allergy in Schoolchildren in Relation to Airborne Fungi and Residential Characteristics in Homes and Schools in Northern Norway

Abstract During winter, airborne microfungi were collected from the homes and schools of 19 children sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) and 19 non-atopic control children in the community of Sør-Varanger, northern Norway. The samples were cultivated and microfungal growth was identified microscopically. Indoor humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO₂), allergic symptoms and sensitization were registered. Symptom data and information concerning sociodemographic and housing conditions were obtained using a questionnaire. Penicillium was the most common microfungus in both homes and schools, followed by different yeasts, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Mucor. The number of infected homes was equal in the HDM-sensitized and in the control group, but the mean aerospore counts were higher in the HDM-sensitized than in the control group. The lowest aerospore counts were found in the schools. High airborne spore counts appeared to be related to high indoor humidity. Only four children were sensitized to fungi, and these children were also sensitized to other allergens, such as animal dander and pollen, and suffered from asthma, allergic rhinoconjuncitivits (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Three of these four children also had high counts of aerospores in their homes. However, no consistent association between mould growth and sensitization to moulds could be observed. The health implications of indoor fungal exposure may be multifactorial.     

Iodine-129 in thyroid and urine in Ukraine and Denmark

Human thyroids collected from Gomel in Belarus, sheep thyroid from Jutland and human urine from Zealand in Denmark were analysed for 129I and 127I concentrations. The ratios of 129I/127I in human thyroid in Gomel are 2.65-11.0 x 10(-9) with an average of 7.21 x 10(-9), which is one order of magnitude higher than those from Asia and South America (10(-10)), but significantly lower than those observed in west Europe (10(-8)). A weak negative correlation (P < 0.05) between 129I/127I ratio in human thyroid and the age of the subjects was observed in Gomel. The average ratio of 129I/127I in sheep thyroids from Jutland of Denmark is 1.81 x 10(-7), which is two orders of magnitude higher than those in south hemisphere, and Asia. It is also significantly higher than those observed in other west European countries before 1984 and that in human thyroid in Gomel. The high thyroid 129I level in Jutland is attributed to the release of reprocessing plants in France and UK. The 129I/127I ratios in human urine in Zealand of Denmark are 0.86-2.86 x 10(-8). The possibility of using urine 129I to evaluate the thyroid exposure to 129I is investigated.