A Novel Solution for OFDM Based Relay Systems

In this paper we propose a novel solution for performance enhancement of dual-hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based decode-and-forward (DF) relay system, which assumes that relay station uses more than one antenna for downlink communications and implements transmit antenna selection (TAS) on subcarrier basis jointly with ordered subcarrier mapping (SCM). Ordered SCM is technique where subcarriers from the first hop are mapped to corresponding subcarriers on the second hop in accordance to their instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). It is proven to be a mapping scheme that maximizes the achievable ergodic capacity in OFDM based relay systems, while enabling bit error rate (BER) improvement at the same time. In order to assess the level of BER performance improvement in the system proposed in this paper, we analytically derive closed form BER expression of binary phase shift keying modulated OFDM DF relay system with TAS and SCM, assuming a scenario with Rayleigh fading statistics on both hops. Additionally, for further BER reduction, we analyze the combination of TAS with a modified SCM scheme, in which the subcarriers having the lowest SNRs on both hops are omitted. All derived analytical results are completely verified through simulations, showing that significant BER performance improvements are achieved with the novel proposed OFDM relay system, compared to the systems implementing only SCM, or only TAS, which approves that it can be considered as an interesting solution for the next generation of mobile cellular systems.     

Least Square Channel Estimation for Two‐Way Relay MIMO OFDM Systems

This letter considers the channel estimation for two‐way relay MIMO OFDM systems. A least square (LS) channel estimation algorithm under block‐based training is proposed. The mean square error (MSE) of the LS channel estimate is computed, and the optimal training sequences with respect to this MSE are derived. Some numerical examples are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed channel estimation method.     

协同OFDM系统中继节点发送训练序列的功率分配算法

考虑到在复杂街区环境中由于距离太远或者障碍物阻挡等原因,造成源节点和目的节点之间没有直接链路,而是利用多个中继进行协同传输的情景,本文针对空间相关信道下的协同OFDM系统,提出了一种中继节点发送训练序列的功率分配算法,从窄带协同信道模型矩阵表示出发,推导得到了宽带协同OFDM信道模型。在已知信道协方差信息情况下,利用LMMSE（Linear Minimum Mean Square Error）准则对中继节点发送的训练序列进行了功率分配。仿真结果表明,该功率分配算法在空间相关信道下具有良好的均方误差性能;与未考虑空间相关性的功率分配算法相比,该算法的估计精度更接近于Cramér Rao界（CRB）。      

A New Timing Synchronization Metric for OFDM Based WLAN Systems

A new timing synchronization scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is presented. Specifically, use of one long OFDM symbol in the frame format of IEEE802.11a is suggested for coarse timing synchronization. A new timing metric has been proposed which results in significant improvement in performance compared to the results reported.     

QoS-Driven Jointly Optimal Subcarrier Pairing and Power Allocation for Decode-and-Forward OFDM Relay Systems

In this paper, we investigate the quality-of-service (QoS) driven subcarrier pairing and power allocation for two-hop decode-and-forward (DF) OFDM relay systems. By integrating the concept of effective capacity, our goal is to maximize the system throughput subject to a given delay-QoS constraint. Based on whether the destination can receive the signal transmitted by the source, we consider two scenarios, i.e. OFDM DF relay systems without diversity and OFDM DF relay systems with diversity, respectively. For OFDM DF relay systems without diversity, we demonstrate that the jointly optimal subcarrier pairing and power allocation can be implemented with two separate steps. For OFDM DF relay systems with diversity, we propose an iterative algorithm to achieve jointly optimal subcarrier pairing and power allocation. Furthermore, we find that the analytical results show different conclusions for the two types of OFDM relay systems. For OFDM relay systems without diversity, the optimal power allocation depend on not only the channel quality of subcarriers but also the delay QoS constraints, while the optimal subcarrier pairing just depends on the channel quality of subcarriers. For OFDM relay systems with diversity, both the optimal subcarrier pairing and power allocation depend on the channel quality of subcarriers and the delay QoS constraints. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme offers a superior performance over the existing schemes.     

Performance Analysis of STFT Based Timing Approach to OFDM Systems

1　IntroductionMuchinteresthasbeenfocusedonOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing (OFDM)inmanyareas,suchaswiredandwirelessapplications[1～ 1 5] .Synchronizationinbothtimeandfrequencydo mainisacriticalprobleminOFDMsystems.WEILandSCHLEGELC ,etalhavediscussedtheeffectsofsynchronizationerrorsandcarrierfrequencyoff sets[1～3] .ThemostremarkableworkbyBEEKJ[3]isajointMLestimatoroftimeandfrequencyoffsetutilizingtheCyclicPrefix (CP)withouttheaidofadditionalpilots.ThenJOHANSSONS ,eta…     

基于Alamouti码的OFDM协作系统中继选择算法

针对在Alamouti放大/解码转发且有/无直接链路的协作系统进行研究,提出一种基于判决量的最佳中继节点选择算法。算法中,判决量是中继节点根据自身链路的信道信息计算出接收信号所有子载波上的信噪比之和,结合当前信噪比选择判决量最大的候选节点为本次传输的中继节点。通过数学建模、理论分析和仿真等,证明所提出基于判决量的中继选择算法可适用在中继协作通信系统中。     

MIMO OFDM Systems Based on the Optimal Fractional Fourier Transform

Transmission over wireless time-varying channels can lead to inter-carrier interference (ICaI) and inter-cell interference (ICeI) in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. In this paper, it is considered that each cell can search respective optimal order chirp basis to replace exponential basis to suppress ICaI, and optimal interference restricted combination equalizer based on the Fractional Fourier Transform is proposed to suppress ICeI. Furthermore, a novel equivalent channel estimation algorithm is used to improve system simulation efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approach.     

一种基于短时傅里叶变换的OFDM时间同步方法

该文提出了一种基于短时傅里叶变换的OFDM符号同步方法。该方法通过短时傅里叶变换得到OFDM信号的二维幅度谱,并提取其中的周期平稳时频结构信息,估计出OFDM符号的无ISI时间区间,并选取该区间的最佳位置作为OFDM符号起始位置估计。仿真结果表明:该方法相对于常规的时间相关算法能有效地对抗低信噪比环境。     

利用CAZAC序列共轭对称性的OFDM时频同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。首先,所提算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计。然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相比于传统PARK算法,不仅完成了定时估计,而且得到了频偏估计;相对于经典SC算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能;相比于利用CAZAC序列的同步算法,提高了算法的估计精度以及对多径信道的适应性。      

Cyclic Prefix Update for OFDM Amplify-and-Forward Relay Systems

We consider half-duplex amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying for increasing network coverage and spectrum efficiency of an OFDM-based cellular system. Due to the fact that OFDM symbols are transmitted over two serial multipath channels (i.e., the source-relay link and the relay-destination link) via AF relaying, the time spread of the received signal at destination nodes is introduced by both source-relay and relay-destination channels. Consequently, cyclic prefix (CP) added at the source node should have a much longer length than that of one-hop OFDM transmission to avoid inter-symbol interference. However, the increased CP length leads to the reduced spectrum efficiency of OFDM communications. In this paper, we propose a novel CP update scheme for achieving efficient and reliable multi-hop transmission in OFDM-based AF relay systems. By enabling the additional CP discarding and CP re-adding functionalities to relay nodes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the required CP length without causing extra loss in the bit error rate performance, and therefore improves achievable end-to-end throughput and spectrum utilization efficiency. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

一种基于训练序列的OFDM定时同步改进算法

针对定时同步和频率同步与载波间干扰和符号间干扰密切相关的问题,提出了一种基于训练序列的OFDM定时同步改进算法。新算法在Schmidl和Cox提出的定时同步方法基础上,同时利用训练序列的时域重复结构及其循环前缀的特点通过滑动相关来完成定时同步。理论分析和仿真结果表明,新算法与SC算法相比大大提高了定时同步的精度,有效地解决了SC算法因峰值平台造成定时同步模糊性的问题。     

一种新的OFDM系统定时同步算法

利用二值映射实序列的IFFT特性,提出一种OFDM系统定时同步的新算法——BPSK Mapping(BM)定时同步算法。仿真结果表明,新算法具有类似冲激响应的定时度量曲线,与Schmidl和Minn算法相比,不仅降低了系统定时同步实现的复杂度,还提高了定时精度。     

一种OFDM中继系统的有限反馈预编码方法

基于正交频分复用的放大转发协作中继系统,为了减少系统误比特率、增加信道容量和增强实用性,该文提出一种实用的源节点预编码和中继节点预编码的联合优化有限比特反馈的预编码方法。利用3节点构成的两个下行链路,实现两跳协作通信方式;采用SVD分解和QR(orthogonal triangular)分解相结合设计预编码,其中源节点预编码每帧只要一个;优选量化码本,把预编码矩阵量化后反馈到发射端。仿真结果表明,该方案能提高平均和速率、降低误码率和改善中断概率特性,且反馈比特数较少具有更好的实用价值。     

Dual-Hop Non-regenerative OFDM Relay Systems with Chunk-Based Power Allocation

In this paper, we propose dual-hop non-regenerative Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) relay systems without signal buffering and processing delay due to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse FFT (IFFT) at the Relay Node (RN). One scheme uses per subcarrier Power Allocation (PA) at Source Node (SN) and per chunk PA at RN to improve the achievable rate. Another scheme employs per chunk PA at both SN and RN. Numerical results in mobile communication environments show that both schemes improve the achievable rates compared to conventional simple amplify-and-forward relay systems with per subcarrier PA at RN. In particular, the latter scheme can obtain almost the same or slightly higher achievable rates by selecting an appropriate chunk size in severe frequency selective channel and by setting any chunk size in highly frequency-correlated channels. Therefore, chunk-based PA at both SN and RN can be found a beneficial PA for dual-hop OFDM relay systems in terms of competitive achievable rates and relatively small amount of required channel information to calculate allocated power.     

基于OFDM的联合信道估计的定时方法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,传统的时域相关法无法满足定时同步精度的要求,提出了一种联合信道估计的同步算法,给出了理论推导,在得到信道估计结果的基础上对初始的定时同步结果进行修正,进而得到较为精确的定时位置,解决了同步头摆动等定时不准确的问题。用Matlab对提出的算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,此改进算法能满足低信噪比下的定时同步要求。     

OFDM系统中一种高效的符号定时估计算法

本文提出了一种新的适合于OFDM系统的符号定时估计算法。该算法利用经过特殊处理的前后两段信息序列的内在相关性进行准确的符号定时估计。理论分析和仿真表明,该算法能在大频偏低信噪比的条件下完成定时捕获的任务,并且无需专门的训练符号,从而大大提高了系统传输的效率。     

一种改进的OFDM系统符号定时同步算法

文章在研究Schmidl＆Cox同步算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的符号定时同步算法。改进后的算法通过对原算法训练符号的加权,消除了定时同步中的峰值平台问题。仿真结果显示,该算法的定时同步性能优于原算法。     

双向协作OFDM系统中基于能量定价的功率分配与中继选择算法

该文研究双向两跳协作多中继正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的网络寿命优化问题。由于网络寿命最大化的问题无法直接求解,该文提出一种基于对各节点能量定价的次优算法,即将各子载波的功率分配,中继及源节点选择进行分步优化。首先利用拉格朗日法求解两个方向上的源与各中继节点配对时的最优功率分配,使得网络在满足一定吞吐量和发送功率限制的前提下,消耗能量总价值最小;然后在所有可能的配对中选择每个方向最优的中继节点;最后选择损耗能量价值较小的数据流方向。分别考虑了源与目的节点间有无直接链路两种场景,在有直接链路场景下分析了最大比值合并(MRC)和选择合并(SC)两种分集方式对功率优化的影响。仿真结果表明,该文提出算法的网络寿命比已有算法有显著提高。     

OFDM系统中频偏估计的训练序列的优化

在正交频分系统提出一种频偏估计的最优训练序列结构,和传统训练序列相比在没有变化总能量的情况下Cramer—Rao lower bound（CRLB）达到最小。最优训练序列结构利用最大似然算法（ML）进行频偏估计,通过计算机仿真可以看出这种频偏估计和传统的频偏估计相比的优点在于相同的算法复杂度情况下频偏估计更精确。