光化学研究进展综述

主要对生物光化学、海洋光化学、环境光化学等进展进行综述,并对光化学应用和发展前景进行展望,提出了今后的重点研究方向.     

东莞市不同粒径大气颗粒物中硫元素的定量分析

通过电感耦合等离子发光分析装置（ICP-AES）确立了大气颗粒物中硫元素的全含量定量方法,认为颗粒物中硫元素全含量等于水溶性硫和残渣酸分解硫之和。文章利用该方法,分析了东莞市不同粒径大气颗粒物中硫元素的特征,其特征是随着颗粒物粒径的变小硫元素的浓度而增加,水溶性成分所占比例也随之上升。进一步分析大气颗粒物中的离子浓度,粒径小于2μm大气颗粒物中99%的硫元素都属于水溶性成分,并且其主要化学形态为硫酸铵。     

灰霾期间大气颗粒物污染特征研究进展

近年来,随着经济的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快,灰霾天气呈现增加的趋势,引起了社会的高度关注。综述了灰霾发生时大气颗粒物污染水平、粒径分布和垂直分布特征,大气颗粒物重要化学成分(水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳、金属元素)的浓度水平和粒径分布特征及大气颗粒物的来源解析方法,并提出灰霾主要防治措施。     

大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的研究进展

PM2.5逐渐成为我国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物,对其研究是当前国际大气化学界的研究热点。文章阐述了PM2.5的来源、化学成分及有关分析方法、监测技术、PM2.5对人类的危害和对环境的影响,并对其研究动向进行了展望。     

同时去除碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物催化剂研究进展

针对柴油车尾气排放的两大主要污染物碳烟颗粒物和氮氧化物的同时催化去除,综述了贵金属催化剂、单一金属氧化物和复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,并提出了该催化研究领域存在的主要问题及发展方向.     

光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料研究进展

综述了光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料方面的研究进展。介绍了光化学固定法的原理，指出光化学固定法优点：不会影响高分子材料的本位性能，可基本保持所固定的生物分子的活性，还可以设计材料表面改性区域，经改性的高分子材料可获得良好的生物相容性和多种优良的生物医学应用性能。重点阐述了光化学固定法在提高医用高分子材料的生物相容性方面的应用。     

我国大气细颗粒物中水溶性离子的研究进展

当前我国大部分城市仍然存在严重的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染问题.而水溶性离子作为PM2.5的主要成分之一,会从气候、环境和人体健康等方面影响人类的生存和发展.本文以细颗粒物水溶性离子中的SNA(Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium)为重点,从SNA的测定方法、质量浓度的时空分布特征、其形成过程中的影响因...     

光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料研究进展

综述了光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料方面的研究进展,介绍了光化学固定法的原理和优点。     

大气颗粒物中金属元素检测和来源解析研究进展

大气颗粒物中金属元素能够通过呼吸系统进入人体,造成人体机能障碍,引发各种疾病。综述了大气颗粒物中金属元素的主要检测技术和来源解析方法。今后研究中,应加强不同类型检测仪器测定结果的比对;操作简便、多元素同时测定、检测线性范围宽、时间分辨率高是未来检测仪器的发展趋势;应综合利用多种源解析技术,确定大气颗粒物中金属元素的来源。     

大气中多环芳烃衍生物的研究进展

多环芳烃衍生物是一类已被证实比多环芳烃具有更强"三致作用"(致癌、致畸和致基因突变)的环境污染物,它广泛存在于环境介质特别是大气颗粒物中。本文就其来源、分布、采样方式、样品前处理、分离分析方法等方面综述了近年来大气颗粒物中多环芳烃衍生物的的研究进展。     

潮州市大气中颗粒物的化学特征和来源研究

通过对潮州市常规监测数据的分析初步确定大气中颗粒物的化学特征,利用富集因子法和相关分析法对大气颗粒物来源进行分析。     

Molecule-Resolved Visualization of Particulate Matter on Human Skin Using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Imaging

Precise measurement of particulate matter (PM) on skin is important for managing and preventing PM-related skin diseases. This study aims to directly visualize the deposition and penetration of PM into human skin using a multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging system. We successfully obtained PM particle signals by merging two different sources, C–C vibrational frequency and autofluorescence, while simultaneously visualizing the anatomical features of the skin via keratin, collagen, and elastin. As a result, we found morphologically dependent PM deposition, as well as increased deposition following disruption of the skin barrier via tape-stripping. Furthermore, PM penetrated more and deeper into the skin with an increase in the number of tape-strippings, causing a significant increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that MNLO imaging could be a useful technique for visualizing and quantifying the spatial distribution of PM in ex vivo human skin tissues.     

Activation of the Complement System on Human Endothelial Cells by Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Inflammation-Related Protein Production

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is becoming a major global health issue. The amount and time of exposure to PM are known to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which PM affects the vascular system is still not clear. Endothelial cells line the interior surface of blood vessels and actively interact with plasma proteins, including the complement system. Unregulated complement activation caused by invaders, such as pollutants, may promote endothelial inflammation. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether urban PM (UPM) acts on the endothelial environment via the complement system. UPM-treated human endothelial cells with normal human serum showed the deposition of membrane attack complexes (MACs) on the cell surface via the alternative pathway of the complement system. Despite the formation of MACs, cell death was not observed, and cell proliferation was increased in UPM-mediated complement activation. Furthermore, complement activation on endothelial cells stimulated the production of inflammation-related proteins. Our results revealed that UPM could activate the complement system in human endothelial cells and that complement activation regulated inflammatory reaction in microenvironment. These findings provide clues with regard to the role of the complement system in pathophysiologic events of vascular disease elicited by air pollution.     

主流烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱测定方法综述

烟碱是烟草中特有的物质之一,它在烟气中以游离态和质子态2种形态存在。介绍了自20世纪70年代以来主流烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱的测定方法。测定的原理可以分为计算法、溶剂萃取法和间接测定法3种,3种方法都是根据游离态烟碱和质子态烟碱的不同性质来进行分离。     

Effect of Airborne Particulate Matter on the Immunologic Characteristics of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

The inflammatory mechanisms of environmental pollutants in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have recently been proposed. However, the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory effects of particulate matter (PM) on nasal polyp (NP) tissues remain unknown. Here we investigated the mechanism underlying the inflammatory effects of PM10 on human nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). We isolated NPDFs from human NP tissues obtained from patients with CRS with NPs (CRSwNP). The NPDFs were exposed to PM10 in vitro. Immunologic characteristics were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Additionally, we investigated the effect of NPDF-conditioned media (CM) on the expression of CD4⁺ T cell inflammatory mediators. PM10-treated NPDFs significantly upregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-33 expression and CXCL1 protein levels than PM10-treated normal tissues. MAP kinase, AP-1, and NF-kB were the primary cell signaling proteins. Immune cells in NPDF-CM had elevated IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-10 expression, but no significant difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4 expression. Moreover, under a Th2 inducing condition, NPDF-CM-treated CD4⁺ T cells had increased expression of IL-13, IL-10, and IL-17, which was reversed on ST2 inhibitor addition. Our study suggests that PM10 exposure could significantly increase the Th2 inflammatory pathway in NP tissues, specifically the IL-33/ST2 pathway-mediated immune response.     

Damage to Olfactory Organs of Adult Zebrafish Induced by Diesel Particulate Matter

Particulate matter (PM) is an environmental hazard that is associated with various human health risks. The olfactory system is directly exposed to PM; therefore, the influence of PM exposure on olfactory function must be investigated. In this study, we propose a zebrafish olfactory model to evaluate the effects of exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM), which was labeled Korean diesel particulate matter (KDP20). KDP20 comprises heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). KDP20 exposed olfactory organs exhibited reduced cilia and damaged epithelium. Olfactory dysfunction was confirmed using an odor-mediated behavior test. Furthermore, the olfactory damage was analyzed using Alcian blue and anti-calretinin staining. KDP20 exposed olfactory organs exhibited histological damages, such as increased goblet cells, decreased cell density, and calretinin level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that PAHs exposure related genes (AHR2 and CYP1A) were upregulated. Reactive oxidation stress (ROS) (CAT) and inflammation (IL-1B) related genes were upregulated. Furthermore, olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) related genes (OMP and S100) were downregulated. In conclusion, KDP20 exposure induced dysfunction of the olfactory system. Additionally, the zebrafish olfactory system exhibited a regenerative capacity with recovery conditions. Thus, this model may be used in future investigating PM-related diseases.     

Global View and Trends in Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Particulate Matter Filtration: A Review

Numerous experimental works for particulate matter (PM) filtration by electrospun nanofiber membranes (ESNFMs) are published in the last 10 years (2010–2021). Organizing and comparing the large amount of the available information to identify the best trends constitutes a big challenge. This review classifies all kinds of ESNFMs considering their physical, chemical, or electrical characteristics. All of them are obtained by modifying several parameters during a specific stage associated to the electrospinning process (ES). In this review, each of these stages is considered a "moment” as a particular instant in time. According to that, three modifications are made: Moment 1—before ES, which refers to changes in polymeric solution composition; moment 2—during ES, which refers to modifying parameters while ES is performed; and moment 3—after ES, which involves applying post-treatments directly on the membrane. After classifying all kinds of filters by moments, a detailed comparison of ESNFMs with the highest quality factors for PM_0.3 is presented, finding out the best trends and comparing their main filtration parameters as well, where the most promising ones correspond to charged and nanofiber/nets membranes, due to their high capture efficiencies (>95%) while maintaining low pressure drops (<100 Pa).