分布式阵列系统中反馈比特的分配方法

在采用频分双工的通信系统中,基站通常需要用户反馈信道状态信息以进行预编码。对于分布式阵列系统,由于多个接入节点布置在小区的不同位置,用户与小区内不同接入节点之间的信道条件不同。当用于反馈信道状态信息的资源受限时,需要对反馈比特的分配方法进行优化,从而提高系统的整体性能。在多用户分布式阵列系统中,采用基于距离阈值的接入节点选择方法,并在此基础上结合随机矢量量化码本的量化特性以及泰勒展开法,对系统量化容量损失进行推导,并给出了近似表达式。基于该表达式,提出了反馈比特分配方法,与其他的分配方法相比,不限制用户选择的接入节点数目使本文的方法更加具有普遍性。仿真结果显示,在反馈资源有限的情况下,提出的策略优于传统的等比特分配方案,可以获得较好的性能。     

一种低反馈开销多用户MIMO-OFDM系统功率最小化方案

该文利用凸规划理论中的库恩-塔克条件,为基于TCM编码的多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中实时业务资源优化问题提出了一种低反馈开销的功率最小化方案。该方案首先设计速率、功率和等效信道量化门限的码本,然后根据当前的信道状态信息分配子载波并对等效信道增益量化,最后基站给用户广播资源分配结果。仿真结果表明:相比其它方案,该文提出的方案有效降低系统能耗并且具有反馈开销低的特点。     

空时相关MIMO信道下的空时联合Huffman有限反馈预编码

针对空时相关的MIMO信道,提出了一种新颖的Huffman空时联合有限反馈预编码方法,提高了系统性能,并减少了反馈量。从信道的空间相关性出发,推导了迫零准则下预编码的构成,从而设计了一种旋转量化码本,减小了空间相关性对系统性能的影响。另外,针对信道的时间相关性,利用基于邻域的有限反馈来降低慢衰落信道的反馈量。同时,由于领域内各码字被选中的概率不同,可以利用Huffman编码进一步减少反馈量。     

OFDM系统中多业务间子载波借调自适应资源分配方法

该文研究了衰落信道条件下的无线资源分配问题。提出了一种适用于多用户OFDM系统中的多业务间子载波借调的自适应资源分配机制。该机制能够联合考虑信道衰落情况和业务的服务质量要求,在不同的业务间调整和借用子载波分配来最大化系统的容量和性能。仿真结果表明,该文提出的分配机制能改善OFDM系统的性能。     

多基站分布式协作中有效反馈机制与误差分析

在分析一种多基站分布式协作下行传输系统结构及其信号传输特性基础上,研究了多基站分布式下行协作中利用信道时间相关性的低速率有效反馈机制,并给出了基于量化码本空间码字索引重排获得一新码本的构造与实现算法.此外,还讨论了反馈误差对系统性能的影响.通过性能分析可知,相对于多基站集中调度协作系统而言,基于有效反馈机制的多基站分布式协作模式所引起的系统性能损失在低误比特率时并不明显,且可通过适当的码本优化设计以及反馈误差保护措施进一步减小反馈误差对系统性能的影响.     

一种基于码本轮转的有限反馈量化方法

大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）系统中随着天线数目的增加,其反馈比特数将随之大幅度增加。为此,提出了一种基于码本轮转的有限反馈量化方法。该方法中,用户在前一时刻得到最佳码字之后,在码本中选取轮转区域构成虚拟码本,判断当前时刻的信道向量,满足轮转条件的用户将虚拟码本轮转到码本起始位置,在虚拟码本中进行量化;不满足轮转条件的用户在原始码本中进行量化,选出当前时刻的最优码字。反馈比特数分析与仿真结果表明,所提方法可轮转的虚拟码本减少了量化码字的数量,从而减少了反馈比特数,是系统性能与反馈比特数的一种折中。     

A Probabilistic Channel Quantization Scheme Based on Max-SNR Resource Allocation in Multiuser OFDM Systems

This letter discusses channel quantization problem in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems based on maximum subchannel signal-to-noise ratio (Max-SNR) resource allocation (RA). It is assumed that subcarriers are assigned to users according to Max-SNR RA. Then, a probabilistic quantization scheme is derived to obtain the higher rate-sum capacity via equal power approximation for water-filling. Simulation results show the proposed scheme achieves a great performance gain compared to equal distance quantization in both high-SNR and low-SNR cases. However, if 5% capacity loss is allowed, two additional feedback bits are required for the low-SNR instance due to the larger approximation error.     

Reducing feedback load for OFDM-based wireless system

In this paper, the feedback load reduction problem in wireless systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated and an opportunistic feedback scheme (OFS) is proposed. The key idea behind OFS is that only the key channel gains which can significantly affect the system throughput are fed back to the BS. Firstly, the key channel gains are proved to belong to a channel gain interval. Secondly, a statistical method is proposed to estimate the channel gain interval. Thirdly, the opportunistic feedback scheme is formulated and the feedback load of OFS is analyzed. The advantage of OFS is threefold: the first is OFS can work in both OFDM-based multicast system and OFDM-based unicast system. The second is the channel fading type of the BS-user link is not required, which is more realistic. The third is OFS can get better feedback load performance compared with other schemes, while achieving almost the same throughput performance compared with that of full feedback scheme.     

Limited feedback unitary precoding for orthogonal space-time block codes

Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) are a class of easily decoded space-time codes that achieve full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. OSTBCs exist only for certain numbers of transmit antennas and do not provide array gain like diversity techniques that exploit transmit channel information. When channel state information is available at the transmitter, though, precoding the space-time codeword can be used to support different numbers of transmit antennas and to improve array gain. Unfortunately, transmitters in many wireless systems have no knowledge about current channel conditions. This motivates limited feedback precoding methods such as channel quantization or antenna subset selection. This paper investigates a limited feedback approach that uses a codebook of precoding matrices known a priori to both the transmitter and receiver. The receiver chooses a matrix from the codebook based on current channel conditions and conveys the optimal codebook matrix to the transmitter over an error-free, zero-delay feedback channel. A criterion for choosing the optimal precoding matrix in the codebook is proposed that relates directly to minimizing the probability of symbol error of the precoded system. Low average distortion codebooks are derived based on the optimal codeword selection criterion. The resulting design is found to relate to the famous applied mathematics problem of subspace packing in the Grassmann manifold. Codebooks designed by this method are proven to provide full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations show that limited feedback precoding performs better than antenna subset selection.     

Novel limited feedback scheme under the MIMO broadcast system

By deducing the distribution of the normalized channel covariance matrix, a novel limited feedback scheme is proposed under multiple users (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel (BC) system. The proposed scheme has advantages in three aspects. First, it has no constraints on the number of users or antennas. Second, each user's feedback bits are independent of the number of receiving antennas. Third, the proposed scheme avoids the storage of large-size codebook on the transceivers. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is close to the perfect channel state information (CSI) case and it just needs a small number of feedback bits.     

Channel Adaptive Quantization for Limited Feedback MIMO Beamforming Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems can achieve significant diversity and array gain by using transmit beamforming and receive combining techniques. In the absence of full channel knowledge at the transmitter, the transmit beamforming vector can be quantized at the receiver and sent to the transmitter using a low-rate feedback channel. In the literature, quantization algorithms for the beamforming vector are designed and optimized for a particular channel distribution, commonly the uncorrelated Rayleigh distribution. When the channel is not uncorrelated Rayleigh, however, these quantization strategies result in a degradation of the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, switched codebook quantization is proposed where the codebook is dynamically chosen based on the channel distribution. The codebook adaptation enables the quantization to exploit the spatial and temporal correlation inherent in the channel. The convergence properties of the codebook selection algorithm are studied assuming a block-stationary model for the channel. In the case of a nonstationary channel, it is shown using simulations that the selected codebook tracks the distribution of the channel resulting in improvements in SNR. Simulation results show that in the case of correlated channels, the SNR performance of the link can be significantly improved by adaptation, compared with nonadaptive quantization strategies designed for uncorrelated Rayleigh-fading channels     

协作多基站多用户MIMO系统中有限反馈比特分配方案

For the cooperative multi-cell systems with multi-user MIMO, a new limited feedback bit allocation scheme is proposed to minimize the rate loss caused by quantization error. In the proposed scheme, the Channel State Information (CSI) feedback of cell-edge user for the local service cell and the adjacent interference cell are separately quantized. Based on the upper bound of the rate loss of cell-edge user due to the limited feedback, the number of feedback bits for quantized CSI of the local service cell and the adjacent cell are optimized with the fixed total bits of the limited feedback. The simulation shows that our proposed scheme of feedback bits allocation efficiently decreases the interference and increases the rate of systems compared with that of equal bits allocation and those of other allocations .     

时间相关信道的量化反馈算法研究

针对实际通信信道的时间相关特性,提出了一种基于有限状态向量量化（FSVQ）的信道量化算法。算法首先将信道划分为有限个状态,并为每一状态设计一个码本,码本用来量化从对应状态转移而来的信道。接收机只需要反馈信道向量在状态码本中的量化码字的序号。跟不考虑时间相关的向量量化算法相比,该算法能以相同的反馈负荷获得更高的性能。仿真结果表明,当信道相关系数为0.9,发射天线为6个,发射信噪比为0 dB的时候,该算法能提高接收信噪比性能1 dB。     

Joint optimization of VQ codebooks and QAM signal constellationsfor AWGN channels

A joint design scheme has been proposed to optimize the source encoder and the modulation signal constellation based on the minimization of the end-to-end distortion including both the quantization error and channel distortion. The proposed scheme first optimizes the vector quantization (VQ) codebook for a fixed modulation signal set, and then the modulation signals for the fixed VQ codebook. These two steps are iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. It has been shown that the performance of the proposed system can be enhanced by employing a new efficient mapping scheme between codevectors and modulation signals. Simulation results show that a jointly optimized system based on the proposed algorithms outperforms the conventional system based on a conventional quadrature amplitude modulation signal set and the VQ codebook designed for a noiseless channel     

Resource Allocation with Limited Feedback and Joint Coding Scheme for Wireless Multi-antenna Multicast System

In conventional multicast scheme (CMS), the total throughput of multicast group is constrained by the user with the worst channel quality. In order to overcome this problem of limited throughput, we introduce a resource allocation algorithm by exploiting layered coding combined with erasure correction coding for multicast services in the downlink of OFDMA-based multi-antenna system. To reduce the feedback overhead of uplink, we design a novel transmission scheme with limited feedback. Then, we formulate the joint subcarrier and power allocation problem for the data of base layer and enhancement layers, which is shown to be NP hard. Hence, in order to reduce the computational complexity, we propose a three-phase suboptimal algorithm. The algorithm is designed to maximize the system throughput while at the same time guarantee the quality of services (QoS) requirements of all multicast groups. It is composed of precoding scheme, proportional fairness subcarrier allocation algorithm and modified water-filling power allocation algorithm with QoS guarantees (MWF-Q). To further decrease the complexity of MWF-Q, a power allocation algorithm with increased fixed power allocation algorithm with QoS guarantees is introduced. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms based on limited feedback scheme significantly outperform CMS and any other existing algorithm with full feedback. Moreover, the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce 50 % of the full feedback overhead.     

基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统

该文提出了一种基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码下行多用户MIMO系统。该方案根据用户反馈的信道信息SINR在发送端进行调度和预编码来提高系统容量。预编码的码本设计依据格拉斯曼空间装箱原理,并将码本中的向量按其相关性构成非酉矩阵来提高预编码增益和抑制多用户共道干扰。新方案反馈量少、复杂度低,在相同情况下比传统的单用户MIMO系统和基于码本的酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统都具有更好的性能。     

多基站协作系统中有限反馈策略及其码本设计

该文针对基于中央控制单元和大容量光纤骨干网连接而成的多基站集中调度协作系统所引起的高系统复杂度和高实现成本等问题,分析了一种可由现存蜂窝无线系统平滑过渡的多基站分布式协作MIMO系统结构及其信号传输特性。在此基础上,给出了该系统结构中基于信道量化码字索引信息的低速率有限反馈策略,讨论了对应的码本设计与构造准则,并提出了一种基于弦距离矢量量化准则的量化码本空间构造与实现算法。通过性能分析表明,该有限反馈策略获得的系统性能可明显优于模拟的导频重传方法,同时也好于基于欧几里德距离量化准则构造的码本空间性能。     

Quantized Principal Component Selection Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing with Limited Feedback

In this paper, for spatial multiplexing with limited feedback, a quantized principal component selection (QPCS) precoding scheme is proposed that achieves comparable capacity to the closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and furthermore adapts to various fading channel conditions without any additional feedback bits and transmit channel state information (CSI). We propose a systematic design method for a codebook consisting of a finite number of unitary matrices based on a maximizing minimum distance criterion in the one- dimensional angular domain and show that the method outperforms the Grassmannian subspace packing method in various fading channel conditions. The proposed QPCS precoding scheme allows for adjustment of the precoding matrix based on limited feedback information on the principal vectors approximating a MIMO channel in the angular domain according to various channel conditions. Furthermore, for practical implementation of the QPCS precoding scheme, we propose a structured precoder optimization procedure and show that the proposed procedure induces a negligible capacity loss compared with the exhaustive precoder optimization, even with considerably reduced complexity.     

On the performance of random vector quantization limited feedback beamforming in a MISO system

In multiple antenna wireless systems, beamforming is a simple technique for guarding against the negative effects of fading. Unfortunately, beamforming requires the transmitter to have knowledge of the forward-link channel which is often not available a priori. One way of overcoming this problem is to design the beamforming vector using a limited number of feedback bits sent from the receiver to the transmitter. In limited feedback beamforming, the beamforming vector is restricted to lie in a codebook that is known to both the transmitter and receiver. Random vector quantization (RVQ) is a simple approach to codebook design that generates the vectors independently from a uniform distribution on the complex unit sphere. This correspondence presents performance analysis results for RVQ limited feedback beamforming     

一种前向放大中继通信系统中的有限反馈中继预编码方案

 本文首先给出了前向放大中继通信系统中,在给定QoS要求下的最优中继预编码矩阵的设计. 进而,针对实际通信系统中反馈信道带宽的限制,给出了一种有限反馈中继预编码码本的设计方案. 计算机仿真表明,本文所提新码本有限反馈中继预编码方案的系统性能随着反馈比特数的增加接近完全反馈下的系统性能,且在相同反馈比特数下的系统容量和误码率均明显优于将传统MIMO通信系统中的Grassmannian码本或随机码本直接应用于中继预编码的有限反馈方案.