直角柔性铰链的力学特性

为了深入分析精密传动用柔性铰链的机械性能,在研究常用结构形式柔性铰链力学特性的基础上,对变形敏感的直角柔性铰链的力学特性进行了分析．建立了直角柔性铰链空间力学模型,推导了空间刚度矩阵表达式．在此基础上。从柔性铰链基本结构尺寸等方面研究了影响柔性铰链刚度性能的因素,研究发现影响柔性铰链变形性能的刚度系数与柔性铰链几何尺寸参数和构成柔性铰链材料的弹性模量密切相关．研究表明,当柔性铰链的有效长度增加或材料的弹性模量降低时,其各方面的刚度系数均有不同程度的降低．研究工作对深入分析柔性铰链力学特性、优化设计压电驱动器结构,提高其综合性能具有一定的意义．     

柔性储能电池电极的设计、制备与应用EI北大核心CSCD

随着便携式、可穿戴电子器件的迅速发展,柔性储能器件的研究逐渐转向微型化、轻柔化和智能化等方向。同时人们对器件的能量密度、功率密度和力学性能有了更高的要求。电极材料作为柔性储能器件的核心部分,是决定器件性能的关键。柔性储能电子器件的发展,又迫切需要新型电池技术和快速、低成本且可精准控制其微结构的制备方法。因此,柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池等新型储能器件的研发成为目前学术界研究的热点。本文论述了近年来柔性储能电池电极的研究现状,着重对柔性电极材料的设计(独立柔性电极和柔性基底电极)、不同维度柔性电极材料的制备工艺(一维材料、二维材料和三维材料)和柔性储能电极的应用(柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池)进行对比分析,并对电极材料的结构特性和电化学性能进行了讨论。最后,指出了柔性储能器件目前所面临的问题,并针对此类问题展望了柔性储能器件未来的重点在于新型固态电解质的研发、器件结构的合理设计及封装技术的不断优化。     

银纳米线基柔性有机太阳能电池研究进展

柔性是有机太阳能电池最为显著的特点和优势。但是,目前柔性有机太阳能电池的性能仍然滞后于刚性器件,这主要是因为缺乏同时具有低电阻、高透光度和低表面粗糙度的高性能柔性透明电极。传统的氧化铟锡透明电极因其脆性以及铟元素的稀缺,限制了其在柔性器件中的发展与应用。因此,开发新型、高性能的柔性透明电极是柔性有机太阳能电池发展和应用的基础。在新型的柔性透明导电材料中,金属纳米线,特别是银纳米线(AgNWs),以其优异的综合光电性能和柔韧性成为柔性透明电极中的明星导电材料。同时,基于AgNWs柔性透明电极构筑柔性有机太阳能电池也被广泛研究,并取得了一系列进展。综述了近年来基于AgNWs透明电极的柔性有机太阳能电池的研究进展,重点介绍了AgNWs柔性透明电极的性质对柔性有机太阳能电池性能的影响,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

三维柔性超常材料的研究进展

基于平面柔性基底超常材料,利用柔性材料可弯曲、高灵敏度、光学路径相对较短等特性来设计三维柔性基底超常材料。本文介绍了柔性基底的制作方法和几种设计三维柔性超常材料的途径。     

复合柔性结构航天器动力学建模研究

柔性航天器动力学建模的传统方法是采用混合坐标法,针对中心刚体带大型柔性附件类的航天器,这种方法在理论建模和工程应用方面都获得了极大的成功。在中心刚体加柔性附件类航天器柔性动力学研究成果基础上,通过计及柔性体与柔性体连接点间的复合位移变形,利用混合坐标法建立了复合柔性结构航天器动力学模型,其软件系统DASFA 2.0已初步用于工程分析设计。     

柔性透明导电薄膜及其制备技术

在柔性衬底上制作的器件具有重量轻、柔软等优点,所以柔性透明导电薄膜成为当前的研究热点.柔性衬底存在不耐高温的缺点,从而限制了柔性透明导电薄膜的性能.总结了近年来对柔性衬底材料处理的方法,并介绍了柔性透明导电ITO薄膜和ZAO薄膜,分析了它们的研究现状,同时讨论了柔性薄膜的制备方法,最后对柔性透明TCO领域未来的研究和应用工作进行了展望.     

柔性薄膜太阳电池的研究进展

综述了近年来柔性薄膜太阳电池的发展状况,结合柔性薄膜太阳电池的发展历史,分析了用作柔性衬底薄膜太阳电池的研究成果,探讨了各种器件结构的优缺点,并介绍了柔性衬底材料的选择及柔性太阳电池的研究进展。     

梗丝柔性及精加工体系探索

通过对柔性制丝的分析,提出梗丝加工柔性化的必要性。对梗丝柔性加工体系结构进行设计,着重探讨梗丝各加工单元进行柔性加工功能。并提出梗丝柔性加工体系将是卷烟制丝柔性加工体系中一个重要组成部分。     

基于管理熵的生产系统柔性决策

建立了生产系统柔性的管理熵模型,将生产系统柔性视为生产管理力对生产系统施加管理功的过程.将生产系统在管理熵空间映射为结构柔性、功能柔性和信息柔性三维模型,将生产系统的柔性转化为三维空间上的容易量化的矢量簇.用总熵函数表达三维空间矢量簇间的相互作用,给出了生产系统柔性定量度量的五项启发式规则.     

柔性电子器件集成与其在包装上的应用

目的 分析柔性电子和柔性基底的发展现状、趋势和前景,为促进智能包装的进一步发展提供参考.方法 先从柔性基底材料入手,梳理常见基底材料性能;再综述柔性电子器件集成的研究现状及主要的集成技术,并讨论其在包装上的应用.结论 具有较好柔韧性和降解性的纸基可作为柔性电子集成的基底材料,结合柔性印刷电子技术和传统硅基电子技术的优势,将柔性电子器件通过蛇形互联结构集成并封装在柔性基底上,从而制备集成可拉伸的微系统,且随着新型印刷电子材料、印刷工艺、新技术和新设备的不断涌现,柔性电子器件集成于柔性基底上并应用于包装将成为一大研究热点.     

企业标准化内生激励机制研究—— 给团体标准的启示

本文试图以垄断企业为对象,研究企业标准化内生激励机制及影响因素.模型假设企业实施先进标准后的利润高于实施前的利润,以此追求企业利润最大化,符合企业经营实际.分析表明,标准需求弹性和标准成本弹性,对企业选择标准的先进(或适宜)程度有着关键性的影响.基于研究结论,本文对团体标准的制定给出若干建议.     

考虑销售努力和运输时间的农产品供应链弹性契约

目的 进一步实现农产品供应链数量弹性契约利润最大化。方法 在市场需求随机的条件下,考虑销售努力和运输时间为影响需求的关键变量,建立起由供应商和零售商组成的农产品供应链数量弹性契约模型。基于该模型引入奖励与惩罚策略,以实现农产品供应链弹性契约的一致性和有效性。结果 结合农产品特征,通过具体的模型优化方法和算例分析得出最优值以及各变量与最优销售努力水平、最优运输时间、最优订货量和整体农产品供应链利润之间的相关关系。结论 农产品供应链弹性契约能实现协调下的利润最大化,对农业经营主体企业开展农产品供应链弹性研究具有重要的理论和实践价值。     

Allocation flexibility for agribusiness supply chains under market demand disruption

This paper develops a multi-commodity multi-period optimisation model to analyse market demand disruption risk in agribusiness supply chains. It investigates the role of allocation flexibility and the effectiveness of multiple risk management strategies for achieving allocation flexibility. A robust optimisation formulation is used to obtain risk-averse solutions for an objective combining expected profit and risk. Numerical results are presented for a real-life case study of Zespri’s kiwifruit supply chain. The results show that allocation flexibility is effective for mitigating market demand disruption risk. Three proposed risk management strategies, namely diversified demand market, backup demand market and flexible rerouting, improve both expected profit and risk measures. While diversified demand market and backup demand market strategies are equally important for all decision-makers, flexible rerouting is especially significant for less risk-averse decision-makers.     

柔性价值和柔性成本分析

技术进步步伐的加快和顾客对产品需求的频繁变化，要求企业进行生产系统投资时必须考虑不确定性环境对生产系统提出的柔性化要求。通过对柔性价值和柔性成本的分析，探讨了在生产系统投资决策时，如何选择适当的柔性水平以使生产系统达到整个寿命周期内利润的最大化。     

Towards optimal configuration of a manufacturer’s supply network with demand flexibility

Demand flexibility exhibits the degree to which customers are often willing to compromise on product features or performance levels for budgetary (reflected in price) or schedule (reflected in delivery) reasons. It is essential for a manufacturer to map demand flexibility into the supply side and investigate its impact on supply network configuration to maximise its total profit. This paper is among the first contributions that seek to address the challenge of optimal configuration of a manufacturer’s supply network that consists of raw material suppliers and contract manufacturers, considering demand flexibility and commonality among different product families. A new mixed integer programming model is developed to describe the characteristics of this problem. The objective was to maximise the manufacturer’s total profit subject to various operating constraints of the supply chain. In view of the complexity and non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard nature of the problem, a hybrid constraint programming and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to solve the problem optimally. Extensive numerical studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the hybrid algorithm.     

Aligning manufacturing flexibility with environmental uncertainty: Evidence from high-technology component manufacturers in Taiwan

While flexibility improvement is among the top concerns of manufacturing managers, managers are advised to choose the dimensions of flexibility they want in their plants. This study investigates the strategic choice of aligning flexibility development with the external environment that manufacturing managers face. Considering the nature of the high-technology industry in Taiwan, we measure environmental uncertainty based on the dimensions of customer demand, supply, competitors and product technology. Empirical data were collected from manufacturing firms in Taiwan. We then applied path analysis to examine the effect of aligning three types of flexibility: product mix, new product and volume with specific dimensions of environmental uncertainty. The results indicate that the matching of manufacturing flexibility with environmental uncertainty is necessary to ensure profit and sales performance. When faced with certain environmental stimuli, management should choose to emphasize and develop particular manufacturing flexibility.     

Flexibility and manufacturing system design: An experimental investigation

Manufacturing industries today are faced with steady and unrelenting changes to the environment in which they operate. In order to survive and profit, manufacturing facilities must be designed such that they exhibit desirable system-level flexibility characteristics. The relationships between flexibility and manufacturing system design, however, remain largely unexplored. This paper investigates the effects of manufacturing system design on product, mix, production, and volume flexibilities, and on trade-offs between these flexibility types, for different product environments. Of particular concern is the determination of whether or not flexibility trade-offs can be avoided, and if so, how. Simulation experiments are performed to determine flexibility values for 16 different manufacturing system design 'approaches' and two levels of part processing flexibility. A total of 800 different manufacturing system/product set combinations are investigated. The results indicate that the effects of manufacturing system design on flexibility are not always intuitive, and that they can change depending upon the level of part processing flexibility present. In addition, however, they show that flexibility trade-offs are not inevitable: multiple flexibility types can be increased in value simultaneously through proper selection of the design approach.     

Single CNC machine scheduling with controllable processing times and multiple due dates

In this study, we solve the single CNC machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times. Our objective is to maximize the total profit that is composed of the revenue generated by the set of scheduled jobs minus the sum of total weighted earliness and weighted tardiness, tooling and machining costs. Customers offer multiple due dates to the manufacturer, each coming with a distinct price for the order that is decreasing as the date gets later, and the manufacturer has the flexibility to accept or reject the orders. We propose a number of ranking rules and scheduling algorithms that we employ in a four-stage heuristic algorithm that determines the processing times for each job and a final schedule for the accepted jobs simultaneously, to maximize the overall profit.     

Maintenance outsourcing of a multi-process manufacturing system with multiple contractors

Consider a manufacturer with a manufacturing system that consists of multiple processes. The manufacturer's revenue is determined by the minimum of the uptimes among the processes. The maintenance functions of the processes are outsourced to independent contractors so that each contractor is responsible only for one process. A performance-based incentive contract is offered to each contractor, consisting of an uptime target level and a bonus rate for exceeding the uptime target. Under the incentive contract, a contractor receives a bonus only when the achieved uptime exceeds the target level specified in the contract. We develop a model for jointly determining the uptime target levels and bonus rates for the contractors which maximize system profit. We also demonstrate the financial benefits of coordination and added flexibility in allocating the additional profit to the contractors. In addition we show the impact of the variation in individual process maintenance times and costs on channel coordination and profits.     

多供应商、多销售商的两级供应链库存模型研究

研究多个供应商、多个销售商组成的两级供应链的库存系统,在具有价格弹性的市场需求、允许供应商和销售商产生缺货的条件下,针对有无价格折扣的两种情况,分别建立了供应商、销售商各自的库存模型;结合满足供应商和销售商Pareto有效性,建立了含价格折扣的供应链系统整体盈利最大的库存模型.