Difficulté des jeunes enfants à comprendre la dissimulation des émotions.

The authors investigated the understanding of emotion dissimulation in school-age children. Sixty participants were read short stories in which a main character expressed an emotion or hid an emotion from other characters. The participants were asked to identify the emotion felt by the main characters and to indicate the facial expressions they would display. Then they were asked what emotions the main characters felt while they were displaying these expressions, and what the beliefs of the other story characters would be as to the emotion felt by the main characters. The results revealed that children from 5 to 6 years of age have a partial understanding of emotion dissimulation. They were accurate in finding the emotion felt by the main characters when questioned the first time. They were also accurate in choosing the expressions the main characters would display to hide their emotions. However, they were often inaccurate as to the felt emotions of the main characters when questioned the second time. Compared with 9- and 10-year-olds, the younger children had more difficulty understanding the simultaneous character of felt and displayed emotions. Five- and 6-year-olds were also less accurate than the older children when asked to indicate the beliefs of the other characters in stories where felt emotions were hidden. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Illusion d’incompétence, attitudes dysfonctionnelles et distorsions cognitives chez des élèves du primaire.

The first objective of this study is to determine whether the illusion of incompetence schema is related to the presence of other dysfunctional schemas, such as dysfunctional attitudes related to success, to dependence on others and to self-control. The second objective is to examine whether these schemas are related to the occurrence of cognitive errors. Some 577 students of primary school grades five and six took part in the study. It appears the illusion of incompetence is linked more to dysfunctional attitudes related to success and less to those related to self-control. The canonical correlations for examining the second objective point to two dynamics: the illusion of incompetence combined with higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes related to success is linked to the occurrence of three types of cognitive errors examined; the illusion of incompetence coupled with lower levels of dysfunctional attitudes related to success and to dependence is related more to negative treatment of positive information and less to the anticipation of catastrophe. The discussion makes a link to the results obtained with the Beck model, which holds that the presence of dysfunctional schemas contributes to the occurrence of cognitive errors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Engagement scolaire, bien-être personnel et autodétermination chez des étudiants à l’université.

This article describes a study that was conducted with a sample of 266 university students and which was guided by two objectives: (a) applying a three-dimensional model of commitment to the academic area, while therein including new motivational considerations and, (b) exploring the nature of the psychological mechanisms by which academic commitment and self-determination interact to predict students’ personal well-being. Exploratory factor analyses allowed the validation of a first version of the Academic Commitment Scale. Correlational and multiple regression analyses permitted the corroboration of the hypothesis pertaining to the positive relationship between academic commitment and personal well-being amongst students. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses led to the corroboration of the hypothesis pertaining to the mediating role of academic commitment in the association between students’ self-determination and personal well-being. The worth of using academic commitment, self-determination, and personal well-being as main targets of investigation while trying to elaborate a model of optimal academic functioning is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

印度首富的“国家生活’’

一个极度富裕的家族到底能有多大的影响力？看看印度安巴尼家族你就知道了：父亲德鲁拜·安巴尼去世时，留给两个儿子印度GDP总量3．5％的资产；两兄弟分割财产时，印度财政部长奇丹·巴拉姆亲自出面调停；而这次哥哥穆克什安巴尼搬人豪宅甚至惊动了印度总理辛格……     

Crystal structures and fluorescence properties of lanthanide complexes prepared with 2,2’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and 2,2’：6’,2’’-terpyridine

Five lanthanide complexes of Ln₂(dpdc)₂(tpy)₂(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂ [Ln=La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Sm (4), Gd (5), H₂dpdc=2,2’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and tpy=2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine] were prepared at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results showed that complexes 1–5 were isostructural and consisted of dinuclear units [Ln₂(dpdc)₂(tpy)₂(NO₃)(H₂O)₂] bridged by two dpdc^2? ligands. The dinuclear units with strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds were assembled into 2D supramolecular layers by the weak π^…π staking interactions between pyridine rings of tpy. The TG analysis showed that the complexes 1–5 behaved higher thermal stability with no mass loss at < 320 °C. The lanthanide contraction effect and the solid state luminescence properties of complexes 1–5 were also investigated. The luminescence emission spectra of complexes 1–5 exhibited ligands emission bands and complex 3 and 4 had no typical emission in the visible region.     

Analyse spectrophotométrique des solutions ignées: cas des solutions de PbO dans PbCl2

Abstract

The spectrophotometric study of the solutions of lead oxide in molten lead chloride lead the authors to propose a quick analytical method useful for molten solutions which have equivalent optical properties as the studied mixtures.

Résumé

L' étude spectrophotometrique des solutions d'oxyde de plomb dans le chlorure de plomb fondu conduit les auteurs è proposer une méthode rapide de dosage, applicable aux solutions ignées ayant des proprietes optiques comparables è celles des mélanges étudiés.     

Hydrothermal syntheses and characterization of three lanthanide coordination complexes constructed by 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine and 2,2’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid

Two 1D coordination polymers [Ln2(dpdc)3(tpy)2·H2O]n [Ln=Nd 1, Yb 2, H2dpdc=2,2’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and tpy= 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine] and one dinuclear complex Er2(dpdc)2(Hdpdc)2(tpy)2 3 were obtained via hydrothermal reactions and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure data of 1 and 2 revealed that two coordination polymers were isostructural and possessed a 1D chain framework consisting of eight-coordinated Ln(III) centers. In the asymmetric unit, the two Er(III) ions in 3 were both nine-coordinated and had similar coordination environments. The Er(III) ions were bridged by dpdc2-ligands into dinuclear structures. The complexes were also characterized by IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. The solid fluorescence of 1 and 3 was also investigated at room temperature.     

’98钼市回顾及’99市场预测

在过去的’98年里,钼价持续低迷,价位屡创新低,年平均价远远低于97年的水平。’98年初钼价稍显平稳,氧化钼一度突破了4.50美元/磅的价位。但四月下旬以来,钼价开始下跌,几乎没有出现反弹。欧洲市场氧化铝从4.50～4.70美元/磅持续     

Technical Program:2005’Xi’an International Titanium Conference(XITC’05)

Technical ProgramXITC’05 2005’ Xi’an International Titanium Conference October 16~19, 2005 Xi’an, ChinaOrganized by: Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research (NIN) The Nonferrous Metals Society of China (NFSOC) Sponsored by: Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) October, 2005Technical Program of Xi’an International Titanium Conference Oct.16—19,2005, Xi’an China Organized by: Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research (N…     

“中国版QE’’促经济延续好转

<正>国家统计局发布数据显示,上半年全国固定资产投资(不含农户)23刀32亿元,同比名义增长11.4%,增速比一季度回落2.1个百分点,比上年同期回落5.9个百分点。从实体经济角度,规模以上增加值增速连续三个月回升,4月份是5.9%,5月份是6.1%,6月份回升到6.8%。固定资产投资速度5月份、6月份连续两个月回升。社会商品零售总额5月份实际增长     

新版HIPIH’99

赫格纳斯铁粉信息中心（ＨＩＰＩＨ）以易于使用的只读光盘的形式为广大用户提供广泛的金属粉末技术诀窍。这是一种获取赫格纳斯产品及应用信息的简便方式,已成为赫格纳斯公司用户的重要工具。１９９９年２月,该公司推出ＨＩＰＩＨ的最新版本“ＨＩＰＩＨ’９９”,它更...     

La Satisfaction conjugale des mères et la qualité per?ue des échanges quoidiens avec leur adolescente.

Assessed the quality of day-to-day interaction between 16 mothers and their adolescent daughters (aged 12–17 yrs). Ss took part in 4 discussion groups, composed according to the marital satisfaction of the mothers. Results showed that satisfied mothers, as opposed to dissatisfied mothers: (1) mentioned signs of affection more often than did adolescents as a component of a warm relationship with their daughters; (2) noted more often than the adolescents that they were affected by their daughters' physical alienation; and (3) were more concerned by the negative aspects of their marital relationships than were their daughters. Results also revealed that: (1) the adolescents were influenced more frequently by the element of control in their relationships with their mothers; and (2) this difference was greater among the adolescent daughters of satisfied mothers than among those of dissatisfied mothers. Results have been interpreted with regard to the developmental changes that occur between a mother and her daughter during the child's adolescence in mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Campbell’s and Rubin’s perspectives on causal inference.

Donald Campbell’s approach to causal inference (D. T. Campbell, 1957; W. R. Shadish, T. D. Cook, & D. T. Campbell, 2002) is widely used in psychology and education, whereas Donald Rubin’s causal model (P. W. Holland, 1986; D. B. Rubin, 1974, 2005) is widely used in economics, statistics, medicine, and public health. Campbell’s approach focuses on the identification of threats to validity and the inclusion of design features that may prevent those threats from occurring or render them implausible. Rubin’s approach focuses on the precise specification of both the possible outcomes for each participant and assumptions that are mathematically sufficient to estimate the causal effect. In this article, the authors compare the perspectives provided by the 2 approaches on randomized experiments, broken randomized experiments in which treatment nonadherence or attrition occurs, and observational studies in which participants are assigned to treatments on an unknown basis. The authors highlight dimensions on which the 2 approaches have different emphases, including the roles of constructs versus operations, threats to validity versus assumptions, methods of addressing threats to internal validity and violations of assumptions, direction versus magnitude of causal effects, role of measurement, and causal generalization. The authors conclude that investigators can benefit from drawing on the strengths of both approaches in designing research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ISEC’90论文题录

1990年国际溶剂萃取会议(ISEC’90)将于7月16～21日在日本京都召开,会议入选论文600余篇,共分12部分。由于篇幅所限,仅选译了部分国外论文题录以飨读者。如有需要者可与《湿法冶金》编辑部联系。     

ACHEMASIA’98国际盛会

ACHEMASIA’98──第4届化工技术和生物工程国际展览暨会议于1998年5月11日一16日在北京国际展览中心举行．本届会议由德国化工设备、化工技术和生物工程协会（DECHEMA）与中国化工学会（CIESC）共同主办．有来自苗国、中国（包括白湾和香港）、美国、瑞士、英国、法国、印度、印尼、加拿大等20多个国家和地区的400多家厂商参加了展览．同时举行了工艺技术和构件、生物技术和材料等10个专题座谈会，还举行了化学工程、生物技术、环保、医药与食品、新材料和腐蚀与防腐等6个课题的学术论文报告会，发表论文130多篇．展出的新产品、…     

从“2013年欧洲铝箔奖’’看铝箔新应用

本文从“2013年欧洲铝箔奖”入手,介绍了获奖产品的新特点和新应用,为包装用铝开启新的研究视角,启迪铝箔新的应用构想。铝箔因具备良好的延展性能、抗拉眭能和易印制等特点,被广泛用作食品、香烟、药品、家庭日用品等包装材料。铝箔作为包装材料,密闭性能出色,可以充分隔绝水汽、空气、紫外线和细菌等,能够有效延长食品的保存期限,保质保鲜;此外,铝箔包装加热和开包都很方便,深受消费者的欢迎。     

Editor’s choices.

Reviews the books, Mind regained by Edward Pols (see record 1998-06466-000); Manifesto of a passionate moderate by Susan Haack (1998); and Mind, meaning and mental disorder: The nature of causal explanation in psychology and psychiatry by Derek Bolton and Jonathan Hill (see record 1996-98296-000). In different but equally compelling ways, these three books address central problems in philosophical psychology and offer telling replies to more complacent perspectives on the nature of mind and mental life. The first two of the volumes are by philosophers, the third by authors trained in clinical psychology and psychiatry. In different ways, each of the volumes is at war with simplistic conceptions of explanation; each is also careful to distinguish between the correctives needed and a lapse into relativistic and ultimately skeptical positions on the nature of knowledge itself. All three of these volumes would serve as useful, even essential, texts in advanced courses in theory and philosophy of psychology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of mind. But so would they serve in interesting ways the larger aims of courses in Personality and Abnormal Psychology. Together, these books present encouraging reminders of the importance of conceptual analysis to the development and refinement of Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editor’s choices.

Reviews the books, Emotion and peace of mind: From stoic agitation to Christian temptation by Richard Sorabji (2000) and Other minds by Anita Avramides (2001). The two works considered here are deeply serious and composed by scholars who have executed their projects with undeviating integrity. In Emotion and Peace of Mind, based on his Gifford Lectures, Richard Sorabji moves the reader through a veritable course of study on a subject as notoriously protean as it is central to the lived life. The twenty-six chapters range over whole realms of thought on the subject of emotion, beginning with ancient philosophy and reaching the research and theory advanced right now in that congeries of specialties dubbed the brain sciences. Between the covers of this truly estimable work one meets not just the subtle and instructive thought of Seneca and Augustine, Iamblichlus and Epictetus, but insightful commentaries on the work of Damasio, Le Doux, Maclean and others. In all, Emotion and Peace of Mind is a benchmark- volume, an outstanding contribution to the philosophy and psychology of emotion; surely a required work for anyone prepared to approach the subject with the seriousness it demands. The second book of this review, Other Minds, is a work of philosophical rigor and originality, composed by an Oxford tutor who has skillfully shaped other minds with the sharp and sharpening instrument of conceptual analysis. Do computers have minds? Do animals have minds? Are there minds other than my own? And if I know of my own mind in that most basic first-person sense, then clearly there is no other mind that I can thus know. If there is something epistemologically amiss about first-person achievements, then there is surely something suspect about claims to the effect that I know of my mind. If there is nothing less than a required first-person account of minds, then there is something epistemologically suspect about any statement of any other mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)