全油膜润滑条件下磨粒磨损特性的实验研究

本文应用最新研制的ＭＭＵ－５型流体润滑摩擦磨损试验机，对全油膜润滑条件下三体磨粒磨损的特性进行了一些实验研究。     

GCr15钢渗硫层的摩擦学性能研究

利用低温离子渗硫技术在GCr15钢球表面形成渗硫层以提高其摩擦学性能。采用四球摩擦试验机,考察渗硫和未渗硫试样在干摩擦及油润滑条件的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在干摩擦和油润滑条件下渗硫试样的摩擦因数均远低于未渗硫试样;在干摩擦条件下,渗硫试样的磨损率相比未渗硫试样大幅下降,这主要归因于渗硫层良好的减摩抗磨作用;在油润滑条件下,因油润滑和渗硫层的固体润滑相互协调作用,渗硫试样的摩擦和磨损性能明显优于未渗硫试样,其磨损表面的痕迹浅而轻,磨损机制为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

原油润滑条件下含不同粒径氧化锌丁腈橡胶的摩擦磨损行为

为探讨氧化锌粒径变化对丁腈橡胶(NBR)性能的影响,分别制备普通和纳米氧化锌填充NBR试样,在原油介质中考察2种试样的溶胀性能,运用往复微机控制摩擦磨损试验机,考察原油润滑条件下2种试样的摩擦磨损行为,利用扫描电子显微镜观测其磨损表面形貌。结果表明:与添加普通级化锌试样相比,添加纳米氧化锌试样耐原油溶胀性更好,且在原油润滑条件下具有更小的摩擦因数和较小的磨损量。由扫描电镜分析可见,原油润滑条件下2种试样磨损表面均出现了Schallmach斑纹,显示出典型的黏弹性材料摩擦磨损的特征,但含纳米氧化锌试样磨损程度好于含普通氧化锌试样。纳米氧化锌填充丁腈橡胶具有较高的交联程度,致密的交联网络可有效阻止外界油分子侵入橡胶基体,减轻外界机械应力对于磨损表面的破坏程度,因而表现出了优异的摩擦学性能。     

13Cr-24Mn-0.44N奥氏体不锈钢在体液中腐蚀磨损特性研究

采用改进后的摩擦磨损试验机考察了13Cr－24Mn-0．44N不锈钢在模拟体液和水介质润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能，研究了载荷大小和磨损时间对摩擦因数和磨损量的影响，用扫描电镜观察了磨痕的表面形貌。结果表明：13Cr．24Mn-0．44N不锈钢在体液润滑条件下具有良好的抗腐蚀磨损能力，单位时间的磨损量仅为水润滑条件下的25％左右，摩擦因数下降了近30％。     

水润滑橡胶/镀镍钢配副摩擦磨损机理研究

对水润滑轴承专用橡胶／镀镍钢配副分别在干摩擦、边界润滑条件下用数显式高速环块摩擦磨损试验机进行了摩擦磨损试验，并借助SEM分析了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明：千摩擦条件下主要为粘着磨损，边界润滑条件下主要为磨粒磨损。     

润滑介质对摩擦性能影响差异分析

L-CKD150润滑油和复合锂基润滑脂广泛运用于石油装备润滑减磨。为研究2种润滑介质对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制的影响差异,采用MMW-1型微机控制立式万能摩擦磨损试验机,开展不同接触压力和线速度及不同润滑环境下摩擦学实验研究。结果表明:实验工况下,销-盘摩擦副表面以磨粒磨损为主,同时存在黏着磨损;相比于L-CKD150润滑工况,复合锂基润滑脂润滑时销-盘表面黏着磨损更为严重,进而加大摩擦因数的波动幅度,最大波动幅度为L-CKD150润滑下的3.7倍;盘试样表面磨粒磨损与接触压力有关,0.5 MPa接触压力下,L-CKD150润滑时磨粒磨损较严重,1.5 MPa下则复合锂基润滑脂润滑时更严重,磨粒磨损是影响盘试样磨损量差异的主要因素。     

直链脂肪酸与直链脂肪醇混合对钢—钢和钢—铝摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

本文利用四球摩擦磨损试验机和SRV摩擦磨损试验机研究了直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇以及其混合物对钢－钢、钢－铝摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，对钢－钢和钢－铝摩擦副的润滑，直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇混合物的抗磨性能要优于单独的直链脂肪酸和直链脂肪醇的抗磨性能。     

二种锌铝合金润滑时摩擦磨损特性的研究

对二种锌铝合金ＺＡ－ＳｉＴ ＨＤＺＡ在２０号机油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特性进行了研究。研究发现：该摩擦－润滑系统以边界润滑为主，且伴随有断续的、短暂的混合润滑或弹性流体润滑；磨擦磨损过程中存在着磨粒磨损、接触疲劳和粘着磨损３个磨损机制；二种锌合金在一定条件下具有优良的耐磨性能和减摩性能。研究结果还初步解释了这些试验现象。     

水基边界润滑剂的摩擦特性

本文介绍了采用Ｍ－２００摩擦磨损试验机在所给定的各级负荷下,对所合成的用于水基边界润滑系统的边界润滑剂,进行的摩擦特性的试验,结果表明：在以水为溶剂的边界润滑系统中,负荷对摩擦特性的影响有效地反映该系统的润滑性能的优劣,与大挂等人所测定的温度对边界润滑剂的摩擦特性影响具有同样的效果。     

润滑条件对黄豆/不锈钢摩擦副摩擦学行为的影响

食品机械加工中的摩擦磨损直接影响着食品安全问题。选用黄豆与316L不锈钢进行配副,采用滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究干摩擦和水润滑条件对其摩擦学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、光学三维形貌仪和红外光谱仪对试样的表面形貌、粗糙度和磨损表面成分进行了分析。结果表明：干摩擦条件下,黄豆/316L不锈钢摩擦副的平均摩擦因数波动较小,约为0.24,水润滑条件下其平均摩擦因数达到干摩擦条件下的4.4倍左右,且在摩擦过程中存在反复波动;与干摩擦相比,水润滑条件下不锈钢试样表面的磨痕宽度提高约10%,而黄豆试样表面的磨痕宽度的增加幅度约高达160%;水润滑摩擦过程中不锈钢磨痕表面产生更多黄豆分解的有机物,其磨痕表面的犁沟数量和深度均显著减少,黄豆试样磨痕表面基本没有犁沟;干摩擦条件下黄豆/不锈钢的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而水润滑条件下,黏着磨损显著增加。     

Studies of Rolling-Element Lubrication and Fatigue Life in a Reduced Pressure Environment

Fatigue tests were conducted in a modified five-ball fatigue tester on SAE 52100 steel ball specimens, at atmospheric pressure and at the approximate lubricant vapor pressure with two different lubrication methods, using a super-refined naphthenic mineral oil as the lubricant. Additional tests were conducted with AISI M-50 ball specimens with polyphenyl ether lubricants. Differences in fatigue life, deformation and wear with the mineral oil lubricant were insignificant regardless of the ambient pressure environment or lubrication method employed. Polyphenyl ether lubricants exhibited large amounts of wear both at atmospheric and reduced pressures, indicating a lack of an elastohydrodynamic film with this lubricant under the stresses and sliding velocities present in the five-ball fatigue tester.     

内燃机润滑油添加剂抗磨损能力及其对发动机性能影响的试验研究

本文通过对几种选型的发动机润滑油添加剂的专用摩擦磨损试验机试验和发动机呆性能对比试验,证实了此类机油添加剂的减磨作用效果。分析了两种志用摩擦磨损试验机的试验结果与发动机性能试验结果的对应关系,从而提出了进一步试验研究的方向。     

含硼复合抗磨剂的摩擦学特性研究

含硼和不含硼两种新型减摩抗磨挤的摩擦学性能用四球和环－圆柱试验机进行了研究,试验结果表明,含硼抗磨降低油品的摩擦系数,减少磨损的性能更明显,并在实际行车试验中表现出良好的抗磨性能。     

Effect of Deaeration and Controlled Environments on the Performance of Lubricants

The effect of oxygen in lubricants on the wear of camshaft lobes and followers was investigated under air and either argon or nitrogen environments. The motored valve train wear tester was used as a wear tester. White oil, white oil containing Zinc Dithiophosphate (ZDP), and REO 200 were used as lubricants. Hydroperoxide was used as a contaminant for the tests conducted with REO 200.

The results showed that the wear of camshaft lobes and cam followers decreased after deaeration. The tests conducted under argon showed a further decrease in wear. The specimens tested with white oil and white oil with ZDP were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The operation of abrasive wear and oxidational wear was observed. A decrease in the hydroperoxide number under argon atmospheres was observed.     

硼化植物油的摩擦化学研究

在植物油中引入硼,合成了新型润滑油添加剂硼化植物油。四球机摩擦磨损试验表明,硼化植物油具有极好的减摩、抗磨和极压性能,其润滑作用机理是由于长链植物油的载体作用、硼的缺电子以及两者的协同作用于摩擦金属表面形成了一层高强度的吸附膜和／或摩擦化学反应膜。     

Antiwear function and mechanism of action of cadmium dialkyldithiophosphate additive

A four‐ball tester was used to evaluate the antiwear performance of cadmium dialkyldithiophosphate as an additive in mineral oil. The results indicate that it exhibits good antiwear properties and load‐carrying capacity. Surface analysis was performed to investigate the topography of test specimens and the presence and chemical states of elements such as sulphur, phosphorus, and cadmium and their compounds on rubbing surfaces. The tribological performance and antiwear mechanism of the additive are discussed, and a scheme for the formation of atomic cadmium is proposed.     

工业齿轮油摩擦特性的初步研究

齿轮油是工业生产中广泛使用的润滑剂,其摩擦性能对节能减排及设备寿命有重要影响。使用改进的MS-800四球试验机,对1种工业白油和2种工业齿轮油在多个不同滑动速度和不同负载下进行摩擦因数测试试验。结果表明:2种工业齿轮油的摩擦因数都显著低于工业白油,并且它们之间也有明显的区分性;从3种润滑剂的摩擦特性来看,速度是影响摩擦因数的显著因素,随着速度的提高,摩擦因数显著下降;载荷对摩擦因数的影响较小,影响规律也比较复杂。     

含S、P、Mo有机化合物润滑性能的研究

用新方法合成了含S、P、Mo的黄绿色有机化全物(简称SMPI),并用四球机评价了SMPI的润滑性能。试验结果表明:添加1.0Wt％～4.0Wt％的SMPI到基础油中,即显示优良的极压抗磨作用。SMPI在油中,在空气中均较稳定。     

Experimental investigation of oil pockets effect on abrasive wear resistance

The experiments were carried out using a block-on-ring tester. The stationary blocks were modified by a burnishing technique in order to obtain surfaces with oil pockets of spherical shape. The area density of oil pockets varied in order to explore their effect on wear resistance and wear intensity. Specimen surfaces had dimples with depths 45-60 μm and diameters 1-1.2 mm. The area density of oil pockets S_p was in the range 4-20%. The block samples were made from bronze B101 (CuSn10P) of 138 HB hardness. The rotated rings were made from 42CrMo4 steel, hardness of 40 HRC obtained after heat treatment. The tested assembly was lubricated by mineral oil L-AN 46. The experiment was carried out under artificially increased dustiness conditions. The dust added to oil consists mainly of SiO₂ (74%) and Al₂O₃ (15%) particles. During the test friction force and temperature of block sample were registered. The tendencies of block surface topography changes during wear were analysed. It was found that sliding pairs with textured specimens were not superior to a system with a turned block with regard to abrasive wear resistance.     

An engineering theory and an experimental method for contaminant wear testing

An engineering theory and experimental method for contaminant wear are proposed. By analysing the wear characteristics of hydraulic components, the contaminants' wear strength σ_m, wear factor ƒ_m, lubrication parameter λ_l, flexibility parameter λ_a, and material parameter λ_m, etc., can be defined. In addition, a new test apparatus, ‘MMU-5’, that can be used for studying wear properties under lubrication conditions, is reported. The friction pair of the tester is composed of two ring specimens. The most important aspect of this tester is that the gap between the two specimens can be adjusted from 0 to 100 microns. Using the tester, parameters such as λ_l, λ_a, λ_m, and ƒ_m, are investigated experimentally. Finally, the application of the corresponding engineering theory is assessed.