硅化石墨的摩擦性能的试验研究

在 ＭＰＸ２００型环／环试验机上，对油和水介质润滑下的硅化石墨／硅化石墨、２０Ｃｒ钢／硅化石墨的摩 擦性能进行了实验评价。结果表明，水润滑下硅化石墨的摩擦系数为 ０．０１～０．０２左右，远小于油润滑下 的摩擦系数。对其摩擦化学作用机理进行了探讨。     

环氧基氟化石墨耐磨涂料的研究

以环氧树脂为黏接剂,采用酰胺类固化剂,并以氟化石墨为润滑剂,SiC为耐磨填料,制备一种常温固化的耐磨涂料。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析氟化石墨的结构和性质,用光学显微镜(OM)观测润滑剂和填料在涂料中的分散情况,探索涂料中氟化石墨和SiC的含量与涂层力学性能、摩擦性能和热性能的关系。结果表明:氟化石墨层间距为0.71 nm,晶型结构不规则,表面能较低,其润滑性能优于石墨;通过一定的工艺SiC和氟化石墨均匀地分散在涂料中;含SiC和氟化石墨的涂膜具有较好的力学性能;当SiC和氟化石墨质量分数为20%和5%时,涂层耐磨性能较好;SiC和氟化石墨使涂膜的耐热性有所改善。     

化学镀Ni—P合金与油溶性有机钼复合摩擦学性能

摩擦磨损试验表明,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层（基体为调质４５钢）与油溶性有机钼添加剂（ＭｏＤＴＣ）有良好的协同效应,如Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层（热处理,油中加ＭｏＤＴＣ）比４５钢基础油润滑下,摩擦系数降低４１．５％,耐磨性提高７倍,采用电子探针等研究了其摩擦磨损机理,结果表明,上述协同效应取决于摩擦表面所形成的ＭｏＳ２保护膜,Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层的高硬度及其特殊的组织结构。     

Ni—P—PTFE化学镀层的耐磨性

用JW—702型多试样磨损试验机研究了以铸铁(HB220)为摩擦副在干摩擦和油润滑条件下PTFE含量对Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层耐磨性的影响。结果表明,随着PTFE含量的增加,镀层的硬度下降,摩擦系数先降后升,耐磨性基本上随着硬度的下降呈线性降低。摩擦系数对耐磨性有影响,但不显著。     

氟化石墨的制备及表征

通过石墨与电解熔盐ＫＦ·２ＨＦ的产生的氟气反应,制得了氟化石墨。采用扫描电镜,Ｘ射线衍射和红外光谱对其形貌和结构进行测定,并研究了反应温度对氟化石墨结构的影响,初步探讨了氟化石墨的反应机理。     

铜层厚度和石墨粒度对铜包石墨-PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

作者采用化学还原法制备了铜包石墨（ＣＣＧ）粉，考察了石墨粒度和铜层厚度对铜包石墨－聚四氟乙稀复 合材料摩擦学性能的影响。摩擦学研究表明：随着填料粒度的增大，ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低，当填料平均 粒度为６６μｍ时，复合材料具有最佳的抗磨性；随着石墨表面铜镀层厚度的增加，ＣＣＧ－ＰＴＦＥ的摩擦系数逐渐升高，当 厚度超过３μｍ后，逐渐趋于稳定，材料的磨损率则随镀层厚度呈线性降低的趋势。研究还发现，铜包石墨改变了石墨 与ＰＴＦＥ的界面结合方式，且铜包石墨颗粒表面铜层在摩擦过程中易被磨掉，内部石墨颗粒暴露在摩擦表面，改善了 ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦性能；还原铜的硬度适中、颗粒细致，在摩擦过程中易在对偶表面的凹处嵌合，有助于连续、均 匀的转移膜的形成，从而提高了材料的耐磨性能。     

电沉积Fe—Ni—P合金边界润滑的摩擦学行为

研究了边界润滑不同载荷时Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金／ＧＣｒ１５摩擦副的摩擦学行为。结果表，４００℃晶化Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金／ＧＣｒ１５摩擦副的磨损率为非晶Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金／ＧＣｒ１５摩擦副的１７．２％，摩擦系数降低２５％。重载摩擦，非晶合金表面会产生晶化，形成α－Ｆｅ＋非晶混合组织。非晶Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金／ＧＣｒ１５摩擦副的磨损量随载荷增加而上升至最大值后减小，随着载荷增加，磨损形式地发生变化；而晶化合金     

三峡工程船闸反弧门耐磨轴承的试验研究

三峡工程连续梯有船闸，水头高，启闭频繁，且为多级船闸，彼皮互相影响，因此，要求船闸反弧门轴承承载力大、耐磨性好、可靠性高。通过摩擦对比试验，测定了ＧＹ－５０与ＴＳ－７０两种固体自润滑轴承的摩擦系数、稳定磨损率。试验结果表明，ＴＳ－７０轴承摩擦系数小，耐磨性好，其使用寿命可满足在三峡工程中至少使用三年的设计要求。     

纳米级氟化石墨作为润滑剂添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

探讨了纳米级氟化石墨的结构特征和润滑原理,使用四球摩擦试验机研究了纳米级氟化石墨的摩擦学性能。研究表明,纳米级氟化石墨对钢-钢摩擦副表现出良好的抗磨减摩性能,与未加添加剂的基础油相比,可使磨斑直径平均减少25%以上,摩擦因数降低35%左右;具有较好的承载能力,使用效果稍好于T321;与T301配伍后具有增效性,与其它添加剂配伍后具有明显的减摩作用。     

Fe—C—Cr—Ni亚称奥氏体基合金的摩擦磨损表层特性

对Ｆｅ－１，９Ｃ－１６．５Ｃｒ－２．６Ｎｉ亚稳奥氏体基合金在不同试验条件下的摩擦磨损表面研究表明，在较低的摩擦应力作用下，表层即可应变诱发α′和ε马体体。马氏体转变量随原奥氏体形变量增加而增大，硬度也增高。由原奥氏体引起的表面硬度提高的原因：（１）α′和ε马氏体的形成；（２）产生大量的位错和层错。在滑动磨损试验时，该合金的耐磨性高于２５％Ｃｒ-马氏体基白口铸铁。     

石墨填充聚醚酰亚胺摩擦学性能分析

在M-200摩擦试验机上进行不同含量石墨填充PEI基复合材料的摩擦磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了断口和磨损表面的显微结构,并分析了磨损机制。考察了表面硬度随含量填充量的变化规律。试验结果表明:石墨在复合材料基体中呈片状结构,磨损过程中易形成转移膜,从而改善了摩擦磨损情况,其中填充质量分数10%石墨的PEI基复合材料摩擦因数最低,填充30%石墨的复合材料磨损率最低,材料表面硬度随着填充石墨含量的增加而降低,石墨填充量在5%～30%之间表面硬度下降平缓,当填充量超过30%时,材料表面硬度下降剧烈。     

Effect of the Graphite Content on the Tribological Behavior of Al/Gr and Al/30SiC/Gr Composites Processed by In Situ Powder Metallurgy (IPM) Method

The influence of graphite content on the dry sliding wear characteristics of Al6061/Gr composites along with Al6061/30SiC/Gr hybrid composites has been assessed using a pin-on-disc wear test. The composites with different volume fraction of graphite particles up to 13% were processed by in situ powder metallurgy (IPM) technique. The porosity and hardness of the resultant composites were also examined. It was found that an increase in the graphite content reduced the porosity, hardness, and friction coefficient of both types of composites. The hybrid composites were more porous and exhibited higher hardness and lower coefficient of friction at identical graphite contents. The increased graphite content in the range of 0–13 vol.% resulted in increased wear rate of Al/Gr composites. The Al/30SiC composite exhibited a lower wear rate as compared with the base alloy and graphite addition up to 9 vol.% improved the wear resistance of these hybrid composites. However, more graphite particles addition resulted in increased wear rate. SEM micrographs revealed that the wear mechanism was changed from mostly adhesive in the base alloy sample (Al/0Gr) to the prominently abrasive and delamination wear for Al/Gr and Al/SiC/Gr/composites.     

High speed tribological properties of graphite fiber/ Cu-Sn matrix composites

High speed dry friction experiments of graphite fiber/Cu-Sn matrix composites against steel were conducted at sliding velocities up to 235 m s^?1. The composite samples were prepared by the method of liquid metal infiltration. It has been determined that the friction coefficient and the wear rate depend on the amount of tin in the matrix, orientation of fibers relative to the sliding surface, the sliding velocity, the graphite grain size and the degree of liquid metal infiltration within the fibers. The increase in tin content leads to a decrease in both friction and wear due to an increase in matrix hardness. Specimens tested with the fibers oriented perpendicular to the sliding surface exhibit better frictional behavior than those with fibers parallel to the sliding surface. Both friction coefficient and wear rate reach a minimum value at a velocity between about 120 and 180 m s^?1. Large graphite grain size and poor liquid metal infiltration within the fibers have a detrimental effect on wear.     

铜包石墨含量对铜锰铝复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为改善铜锰铝合金的烧结性能,并提高其在干摩擦下的摩擦磨损性能,以铜包石墨作为自润滑相加入到铜锰铝合金中,采用等离子真空压力烧结方法制备铜锰铝/石墨复合材料,分析铜包石墨含量对复合材料的密度、硬度的影响,探讨不同复合材料在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:相比真空和氢气还原气氛下的烧结方式,等离子体烧结铜锰铝...     

Tribological behaviors of graphite/epoxy two-phase composite coatings

To obtain a composite coating possessing both good conductivity and high wear resistance, a series of coatings with conductive graphite and epoxy resin were designed. The seepage critical value (SCV) of conductive coatings was used to identify the transformation between continuous phase and dispersed phase for graphite/epoxy composite coatings. Before SCV, the coatings were insulated with epoxy resin as continuous phase and the wear behavior was primarily characterized of adhesive wear with local adhesive spalling of epoxy resin. After SCV, the coatings appeared conductivity and the surface resistance decreased monotonically with the increase of graphite content. Both the curves of friction coefficient vs. graphite content and wear rate vs. graphite content showed the same model with two valleys at graphite content of 30% and 50%, respectively. At graphite content of 50%, an optimal solid lubricant film was obtained which leaded to the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate, due to a possible dynamic equilibrium between the transfer and spalling of debris. The tribological behaviors of these coatings were evaluated using a ring-on-block tribo-tester under dry sliding friction.     

石墨铝基自润滑材料的制备及性能表征

以石墨为固体润滑剂,铝为基体材料,添加硅、铜、铁等元素作为强化成分,添加Cr3C2、粉煤灰来提高自润滑材料的耐磨性,通过液态铸造法制备铝基自润滑材料。借助MM-200磨损试验机研究不同石墨含量以及粉煤灰的添加对铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;在Olympus金相显微镜下观察材料显微组织;用S-3000N扫描电子显微镜对材料拉伸断口和磨损表面进行观察。结果表明:随着石墨含量的增加,摩擦因数逐渐降低,磨损率逐渐升高,抗拉强度、硬度都逐渐降低;粉煤灰的加入使得初生硅得到细化,自润滑材料的强度上升,摩擦因数得到进一步的改善。     

The effect of cast iron graphites on friction and wear performance: II: Variables influencing graphite film formation

Cast iron may be classed as a self-lubricating metal-base composite material. The cast iron graphites have an excellent lubricity which is similar to that of a solid lubricant and contributes to the decreases in the wear loss and the friction coefficient. Factors affecting graphite film formation are discussed. The coefficient of friction increases with substrate hardness because graphite film formation is influenced by the relative difficulty of substrate deformation. Although adhesive wear and the friction coefficient increase with decreasing air pressure, the cast iron graphites contribute to the decrease in wear rate in the region of 10^?2 Torr. Water vapour pressure has a direct effect on film formation and film hardening, particularly above 16 Torr. The lubricity of cast iron graphites was confirmed at temperatures below 100°C. The friction coefficient increases with the temperature rise owing to hardening of the graphite film. The effect of cast iron graphites on rolling wear resistance is discussed.     

高频感应熔覆NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦学性能研究

为增强金属材料表面的耐磨性能,采用高频感应熔覆技术,在HT300基底表面制备出NiTiFe合金涂层;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对NiTiFe合金涂层的微观组织、元素组成、硬度、相组成和与基底的结合情况进行表征与分析;通过摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的摩擦学性能进行测试,对其摩擦磨损机制进行分析。结果表明：涂层组织致密,无裂缝和空隙,成型质量良好,平均厚度达到0.7 mm,与HT300基底实现了冶金结合;涂层中主要包含Fe2Ti、Fe6.94Ti0.36和Ni3Fe三种相,Fe元素的加入使涂层的晶格发生畸变,硬度提高,平均硬度达到997.36HV,约为HT300基底平均硬度值的5倍。通过摩擦磨损试验发现,试验前期,NiTiFe合金涂层与对摩副之间的摩擦因数较低,维持在0.2左右,对摩副的失效导致摩擦副之间的接触形式发生改变,摩擦因数产生阶跃;随着载荷的增加,涂层上呈现的磨痕宽度在不断增加,对摩副由于磨损造成的材料去除后暴露出的面积也在不断增大。摩擦磨损试验后,NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦表面光滑平整,仅出现了轻微的磨粒磨损,磨损体积远小于对摩副...     

多组分纤维混杂增强树脂基摩擦材料研究

为提高摩擦材料高温下的摩擦磨损性能和摩擦因数的稳定性,利用正交试验法对多种纤维增强酚醛树脂基摩擦材料的配方进行优化设计,并通过极差分析,探讨多种纤维及含量对摩擦材料性能的影响及摩擦材料的磨损机制.研究表明:混杂纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料有着优异的耐磨性.陶瓷纤维硬度较高,开散混料后能够均匀分布在树脂基体内,对酚醛树脂基摩擦...     

磁控溅射制备高熵碳化物(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层摩擦学性能

为改善高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,通过石墨与AlTiVCrNb高熵合金靶共溅射制备(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的成分、表截面形貌和物相,采用纳米压痕仪、球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的硬度、弹性模量和摩擦学性能,采用白光干涉三维形貌仪表征涂层的磨损情况。试验结果表明：随着涂层中碳含量增加,高熵组分从BCC/FCC双相向单一FCC结构转变,且涂层的微观组织结构也随之变化;由于碳化物的形成和固溶强化,涂层呈现良好的摩擦学性能;在涂层碳原子分数为20.83%时,涂层的摩擦性能和力学性能达到最优,此时摩擦因数最低,为0.35,涂层硬度与弹性模量最高,分别为17.84、182.72 GPa。研究表明,在磁控溅射工艺中石墨与AlTiVCrNb高熵合金共溅射,可以获得摩擦学性能良好的高熵碳化物(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层。