基于Hadoop的光伏发电大数据分析系统设计

光伏发电系统的发电效率和光伏组件的材料、组件安装的倾斜角度及组件功率等因素有密切关系,为了科学地研究这些因素对发电量的实际影响,文中选择使用Hadoop大数据分析工具,它由HDFS分布式文件系统和MapReduce数据处理框架两大核心部件组成,通过它提供的强大的分布式数据处理能力,高效快捷地分析光伏发电系统运行中所产生的各种数据。实验表明该系统能够有效地完成光伏数据处理分析,从海量数据中挖掘到有用信息,对光伏发电发展提供重要助力。     

一种混合太阳能发电系统特性研究

文章根据太阳电池的光谱响应推导出混合型太阳光伏系统发电量的计算公式,然后比较了由单一太阳电池组件构成的光伏系统和由两种太阳电池组件构成的混合光伏系统的发电特性,最后以试验数据及应用实例验证了这一结论,突出了太阳电池混合应用光伏系统的优点。     

中天T3氟膜透明背板提供双面组件封装最佳方案

近日,中天科技应邀参加“2020平价白皮书系列——双面发电线上研讨会”,通过网络直播的方式,共同研讨双面发电组件发展趋势。中天氟膜工厂总经理王同心博士发表主题演讲,分享中天科技为双面发电组件提供的更优封装解决方案。双面发电被认为是最有可能率先实现平价上网的技术路线之一。根据《中国光伏产业发展路线图》预计,2020年双面光伏组件占光伏市场份额约20%,到2025年将超过50%。双面组件一般采用双面玻璃或透明背板的封装方式,但双面玻璃封装工艺存在产能良率低、增效风险大、运输安装难、产业链供应不足等劣势,逐渐成为双面组件发展的瓶颈。     

不同MPPT架构光伏系统发电效率的比较研究

光伏系统的MPPT架构有集中式、组串式和分布式三种类型.不同MPPT架构光伏系统组件串并联结构不同,对局部阴影和组件参数失配产生的输出功率损失表现出的抑制能力不一样,发电效率有明显差别.本文对不同MPPT架构光伏系统的发电效率进行比较研究,结果表明因局部阴影与组件参数失配影响,分布式MPPT光伏系统年均发电量比集中式MPPT光伏系统提高约4.65%～19.62%,比组串式MPPT光伏系统提高约2.64%～12.86%,具体数值随发生阴影时间比例、参数失配幅度增大而变大,且与具体阴影情形有关.     

浅谈大型并网光伏电站系统设计

大型并网光伏电站中太阳电池组件数量庞大,系统接线复杂,发电系统的设备配置、系统接线、安装布置设计等因素对整个发电系统的发电效率和工程投资都有很大影响。本文通过对太阳电池组件选择、光伏阵列的运行方式设计、光伏阵列的最佳倾角计算、逆变器选型、光伏阵列设计及布置方案等光伏发电系统构成方面进行了研究分析,并以工程实例进行了发电量计算及电价测算。     

基于PSpice的硅型光伏电池电特性仿真研究

采用PSpice元器件库中已有元器件直接搭建硅型光伏电池的仿真模型,通过软件仿真研究光伏电池组件的I—U特性和P—U特性,并利用该模型对影响光伏电池输出特性的辐照度、等效串并联电阻等主要因素进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明该仿真模型能够在较高的近似程度上方便地模拟实际光伏组件特性,为将PSpice软件用于硅光伏发电系统的仿真提供了可能。     

霍尼韦尔着力开发在恶劣环境中保护光电太阳能电池的材料

霍尼韦尔公司日前宣布：该公司开发出能够在恶劣环境下保护光伏（PV）太阳能电池的新型材料。新产品名为霍尼韦尔PowerShield^TMPV325，能在潮湿等各种环境中保护PV组件，包括组件中将光能转化为电能的主要部件。该产品不仅抗紫外线、防潮、耐风化，还能承受工作电压高达1000V的组件所产生的电力负载。     

直流母线式光伏发电系统前级变换器的研究

直流母线式光伏发电系统前级DC/DC变换器不仅可以将光伏组件的输出电压与直流母线电压相匹配,还可以实现对光伏组件的最大功率跟踪控制。文中为分析的方便,忽略直流母线式光伏发电系统储能部分的充放电,重点对与光伏组件相连接的前级变换器进行研究。针对光伏发电系统对拓扑的要求,提出将采用不对称控制的电流馈入型半桥变换器应用到光伏发电系统中。控制型软开关技术不需要增加辅助开关就可以实现变换器的软开关,在减小变换器的体积和降低变换器成本的基础上,提高了光伏发电系统的整体效率。     

建筑集成光伏系统的常见结构及其设计要素

太光伏发电技术是新能源发电技术的重要组成部分。建筑集成光伏(BI PV,Building Integrated Photovoltaic)技术作为光伏发电技术的一种应用形式,有其得天独厚的优势。BIPV系统在结构上可以分为独立光伏发电系统和并网光伏发电系统,系统设计过程中存在一些有别于一般光伏发电系统的设计要素。BIPV系统是未来光伏发电应用的主要发展方向之一,有很大的研究价值。     

向日葵式高效光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制

为了提高光伏发电系统的光电转化效率,根据向日葵的趋光性原理,设计了高效光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统,采用8 颗光敏二极管2CU2E研制了十字光桶检测装置,通过光敏二极管的感光差异,调整光伏板的俯仰角和方位角,使太阳光始终直射光伏板,实现了高精度的光电跟踪,在多云阴天,则根据GPS获取的位置和时间信息,利用天文学原理计算出太阳光的照射角度,采取视日跟踪模式提高光电转化效率。实验结果表明:设计的系统发电效率均明显优于固定接收、单轴跟踪和双轴视日跟踪,且能够根据光线的强度自适应切换工作模式,在晴天和阴天环境下的发电量分别高出固定接收的38.26％和31.66％,大大提高了光伏发电的转化效率。     

Novel applications of bifacial solar cells

Utilizing the light reflected by simple means onto the rear surface of solar cells is an effective way of lowering the cost of solar electricity, since more power is generated per cell. Innovative bifacial photovoltaic modules have been introduced, such as a multi‐functional bifacial PV sun‐shading element which is based on bifacially sensitive solar cells in combination with a white semitransparent reflector back sheet. Not only is sunlight collected by its front and rear surface efficiently converted into electricity, but also diffuse glare‐free daylight is provided. Other applications include relatively narrow bifacial modules installed at a certain distance in front of a reflecting background. In all cases power gains of more than 50% can be achieved with little extra cost compared with monofacial modules. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Computer simulation of enhanced output from bifacial photovoltaic modules

A bifacial photovoltaic module can collect not only the light falling directly on its front but also light incident on its rear after reflection from natural surroundings, called the albedo reflection, and light scattered from the sky itself. the benefits of such bifacial response are analysed by modifying a standard computer photovoltaic simulation software package (PVFORM version 3.3). Results obtained from computer simulation and field experiments show that, without any special features, there is about a 20% increase in the total annual energy generated by a bifacial panel compared to a monofacial panel. There are also summer peaks caused by the morning and evening light falling directly on the rear side of the panel. This means that the bifacial panel allows extended operation during summer. There is also a slightly smaller reduction in relative output power for the bifacial module on cloudy days.     

Optimisation of an asymmetric static concentrator: the PEC‐44D

In this paper, the optimisation of the PV static concentrator module PEC‐44D for constant demand during the year is presented. The method used is based on simulation of the system performance during 10 years and the set of concentrator parameters that produces the lowest cost of the PV array is determined. We find that the optimised PEC‐44D module can be 38% cheaper than a standard module. Experimental results were obtained for a prototype of the optimised PEC‐44D to validate the theoretical analysis of the behaviour of the concentrator. We conclude that the daily irradiation measured on the cells correlates well with calculated values, and that the operating temperature of the bifacial cells in this static concentrator is slightly lower than that of the monofacial cells in a standard module. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relative performance of tracking versus fixed tilt photovoltaic systems in the USA

Tracking systems can increase the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) modules, by actively orienting each module to intercept more solar energy. We find that horizontal one‐axis tracking systems can increase PV generation by 12–25% relative to south‐facing fixed mount PV systems with 25° tilts in the contiguous USA, and two‐axis tracking systems can increase PV generation by 30–45% relative to fixed mount systems. Tracking systems increase PV generation more significantly in arid regions such as the southwest USA than in humid regions with persistent cloud cover such as the Pacific Northwest and coastal Atlantic states. We find that fixed and tracking PV systems have similar interannual variability in their generation profiles, and this variability is primarily driven by project location. Tracking PV projects cost more than fixed tilt systems, per unit capacity, and we explore how much more tracking projects could cost while generating similar levelized costs of energy as fixed tilt systems. We define this as the breakeven additional cost of tracking and find that it is primarily driven by three factors: (i) regional tracking performance, (ii) fixed tilt system costs that tracking projects compete against, and (iii) additional tracking operation and maintenance costs. Using this framework, we explore the relative competitiveness of tracking systems for a range of fixed and tracking PV prices and evaluate how tracking competitiveness varies by region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效率n型硅离子注入双面太阳电池

为进一步提升n型硅双面太阳电池的转化效率,采用了磷离子注入技术制备n型硅双面太阳电池的背场.基于离子注入技术准直性和均匀性好的特点,掺杂后硅片的表面复合电流密度降低到了1.4×10-13 A/cm2,隐性开路电压可达670 mV,且分布区间更紧凑.在电阻率为1～3 Ω·cm的n型硅片基底上,采用磷离子注入技术工业化生产的n型硅双面太阳电池的正面平均转化效率达到了20.64％,背面平均转化效率达到了19.52％.内量子效率的分析结果显示,离子注入太阳电池效率的增益主要来自长波段光谱响应的提升.     

Life cycle assessment and cost analysis of very large‐scale PV systems and suitable locations in the world

Although the Sahara region has a high potential for solar power plants, the amount of installed photovoltaic (PV) system remains relatively low. This paper aims to evaluate these potentials of PV system installation in terms of environmental and economic viewpoints with indices of cost, energy, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Two 1‐GW very large‐scale PV systems are simulated at Ouarzazate in Morocco and at Carpentras in France. The evaluation was performed using life cycle assessment. The lowest energy consumption and GHG emission are obtained while assuming cadmium telluride module. The result of our simulation shows that energy payback time is 0.9 years and CO₂ emission rate is 27.4 g‐CO_2‐eq/kWh in the Ouarzazate case. In cost estimation, generation costs are 0.06 USD/kWh in Ouarzazate and 0.09 USD/kWh in Carpentras in the case of 3% interest rate and 0.5 USD/W for multicrystalline silicon PV module price. In addition, by adapting 15% internal rate of return for 20% of budget, the generation costs become 0.09 USD/kWh in Ouarzazate and 0.13 USD/kWh in Carpentras under the same condition. Furthermore, the selection for suitable locations to install solar power plants in term of GHG emission is identified using geographical information system. Very high‐potential locations (lower than 38 g‐CO_2‐eq/kWh) could be obtained in North Chili, east and west Sahara, and Mexico. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovation and fabrication of 5.5 generation image‐patterned translucent photovoltaic module by using laser scribing technology

The building‐integrated photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most promising applications for amorphous silicon (a‐Si) thin film solar cells. It is necessary to develop more various building‐integrated PV modules, which will provide architects and industries more options for the PV installation to their buildings or construction bodies. In this paper, a new type of a‐Si PV module, called image‐patterned translucent a‐Si PV module, is developed. Any required image can be displayed on the module by using laser processes. In the present result, a 5.5 generation (1100 × 1400 mm) image‐patterned translucent PV module with 10% transmittance exhibits the stabilized maximum power output (P_max) of 92.5 W, which can be further improved by optimizing the laser parameters. The remarkable features of our module such as the image displaying, natural light transmission, and heat reduction create entirely new applications including windows and logos and provide an option that adds personal style and unique design to the building interiors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于单片机的双轴光伏寻日系统设计

双轴光伏寻日系统可以跟踪太阳的运动,使光伏组件始终正对着太阳接受到更多的太阳辐射。从而提高光伏板的输出功率。该装置以AT89S52单片机为核心处理芯片,采用时控与光控相结合的方式,控制直流电机实现寻日跟踪。通过实际安装测试,光伏发电系统的发电量得到显著提高,达到预期目标。     

A comparative study on cost and life‐cycle analysis for 100 MW very large‐scale PV (VLS‐PV) systems in deserts using m‐Si,a‐Si,CdTe, and CIS modules

This paper is a study of comparisons between five types of 100 MW Very Large‐Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation (VLS‐PV) Systems, from economic and environmental viewpoints. The authors designed VLS‐PV systems using typical PV modules of multi‐crystalline silicon (12·8% efficiency), high efficiency multi‐crystalline silicon (15·8%), amorphous silicon (6·9%), cadmium tellurium (9·0%), and copper indium selenium (11·0%), and evaluated them by Life‐Cycle Analysis (LCA). Cost, energy requirement, and CO₂ emissions were calculated. In addition, the authors evaluated generation cost, energy payback time (EPT), and CO₂ emission rates. As a result, it was found that the EPT is 1·5–2·5 years and the CO₂ emission rate is 9–16 g‐C/kWh. The generation cost was 11–12 US Cent/kWh on using 2 USD/W PV modules, and 19–20 US Cent/kWh on using 4 USD/W PV module price. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Full characterization of photovoltaic modules in real operating conditions: theoretical model,measurement method and results

The photovoltaic (PV) system performance essentially depends on the modules response to five effects: spectral, reflection, temperature, irradiance, and nominal power variations. Providing a full characterization of modules behavior in terms of the impact of these effects on real operating conditions performance is very important both to compare different PV technologies and to choose the best technology for a specific site, position, and installation feature. In this work, a systematic approach is used. A theoretical model to calculate the performance ratio related to each effect is proposed. The model is used to compare and to explain the annual behavior of two different technologies: a multicrystalline silicon module (mc‐Si) and a double junction amorphous silicon module (a‐Si/DJ). The basic features of these modules performance are observed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.