一种新型低功耗UHF RFID标签数字基带

设计了一款符合EPC C1 G2/ISO 18000-6C协议的超高频射频识别标签数字基带处理器。采用新型数字基带结构,并运用门控时钟、异步计数器和多种低频时钟协同工作等多种低功耗设计方法,降低了标签芯片的功耗和面积。在TSMC 0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺下流片,数字基带处理器版图面积为0.14 mm²,数字部分平均功耗为14 μW。     

超低功耗RFID标签基带处理器

针对集成片上天线(OCA)的超高频射频识别(RFID)标签设计了一款RFID专用协议的基带处理器,以满足RFID标签嵌入纸张及微小物体的防伪功能.由于OCA与读写器天线近场耦合获取能量有限,集成OCA的无源标签对功耗要求更加苛刻.针对微小OCA标签的应用需求,采用异步电路、门控时钟、低压库、多时钟域等低功耗设计方法,设计了专用协议标签基带处理器,其CMOS低压库的设计可以使基带处理器在0.5V的电源电压下工作,综合布局布线后,其电路仿真结果表明,峰值功耗仅为0.32 μW.标签芯片在UMC 0.18 μm标准工艺下流片,测试结果显示,在读写器输出20 dBm能量的情况下,带OCA标签的读距离可达2 mm.     

一种低功耗UHF RFID标签数字基带处理器

超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)电子标签的低功耗设计是当前的研究热点与难点。数字基带部分的功耗占芯片总功耗的40%以上,而时钟模块的功耗约为基带部分的50%。针对此问题,设计了一种兼容EPCTM C1 G2/ISO 18000-6C协议的新型UHF RFID标签数字基带处理器。围绕时钟信号设计了新型数字基带架构,引入局部低功耗异步电路结构,并采用模块时钟的门控动态管理技术,尽可能降低功耗。该数字基带电路在FPGA上完成了功能实测,采用SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS完成了芯片级的逻辑综合及物理实现。结果表明,版图面积为0.12 mm²,平均功耗为 8.8 μW。     

射频识别芯片设计中时钟树功耗的优化与实现

UHF RFID是一款超高频射频识别标签芯片,该芯片采用无源供电方式,对于无源标签而言,工作距离是一个非常重要的指标,这个工作距离与芯片灵敏度有关,而灵敏度又要求功耗要低,因此低功耗设计成为RFID芯片研发过程中的主要突破点。在RFID芯片中的功耗主要有模拟射频前端电路,存储器,数字逻辑三部分,而在数字逻辑电路中时钟树上的功耗会占逻辑功耗不小的部分。本文着重从降低数字逻辑时钟树功耗方面阐述了一款基于ISO18000-6Type C协议的UHF RFID标签基带处理器的的优化和实现。     

低压低功耗无源UHF RFID标签芯片模拟前端电路的设计

本文从设计符合EPCTM C1G2协议的超高频无源射频识别标签芯片的角度出发,对RFID标签芯片模拟前端电路进行设计.通过对各个关键电路的功耗与电源进行优化,实现了一个符合协议要求的低电压、低功耗的超高频无源RFID标签芯片的模拟前端.该UHF RFID标签模拟前端设计采用SMIC 0.18 μm EEPROM CMOS工艺库.仿真结果表明,标签芯片模拟前端的整体功耗控制在2.5 μW以下,工作电源可低至1 V,更好地满足了超高频无源射频识别标签芯片应用需求.     

无源UHF RFID芯片中低功耗基带处理器的设计

对UHF RFID标签芯片的数字基带处理器结构及工作原理进行了分析。该基带处理器兼容ISO18000-6C协议。采用一系列先进的低功耗技术,如门控时钟技术、减小工作电压、降低时钟频率等,以降低无源射频识别标签的功耗。整个标签芯片采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P5M嵌入式EEPROM混合CMOS工艺实现。测试结果表明,该芯片正常工作的最低电压仅为1 V,平均电流为6.8μA,功耗为6.8μW,面积仅为150μm×690μm。     

一种UHF RFID标签低功耗物理设计与实现

针对超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)标签低功耗、低成本的要求,本文基于EPC Class-1 Generation-2/ISO18000-6C协议,提出一种采用多电源电压域、新型时钟树综合与局部时钟树构建的物理设计方法。该方法结合广泛应用的门控时钟技术,对芯片时钟网络进行优化设计。与传统方法相比,该方法大幅度减少时钟缓冲器插入数量,有效降低时钟网络功耗,减小芯片面积。最终验证结果表明,所设计的标签符合协议,芯片总面积为0.72mm2,其中数字逻辑面积0.15mm2,平均功耗为9.76μW,在TSMC 0.18μm的标准CMOS工艺下实现流片。     

无源UHFRFID标签芯片基带处理器的低功耗设计

在分析ISO18000-6C标准内容的基础上,提出了一种基带处理器的结构,设计了一款符合ISO18000-6C标准的UHF RFID标签芯片的基带处理器。该基带处理器可支持协议规定的所有强制命令。设计通过降低工作电压、降低工作频率、使用门控时钟、增加功耗管理模块等一系列低功耗设计以降低处理器的功率消耗。在Xillinx的Virtex-4FPGA上验证满足协议功能要求,并在工作电压为1V,时钟为1.92MHz时,功耗仿真结果为9.9μW,很好的完成了低功耗电子标签的基带处理器设计。     

低功耗UHF频段RFID标签数字基带电路

通过对UHF频段EPC Global Class1 Generate2协议进行分析,详细论述了符合协议要求的被动式无源射频身份识别(RFID)标签的数字电路系统方案,并提出了一种新颖的、针对RFID标签的数字基带低功耗电路。在0.18 μm CMOS工艺环境下,使用Synopsys工具对电路进行前端综合和后端物理实现,同时对电路的功耗进行了简要的分析。仿真及测试结果表明,该标签数字基带电路功能符合协议要求。     

UHF RFID标签基带处理器的低功耗设计

随着超高频RFID标签的应用越来越广泛,在提高其性能上的需求也越来越迫切.对于无源标签,工作距离是一个非常重要的指标.要提高工作距离,就要降低标签的功耗.着重从降低功耗方面阐述了一款基于ISO18000-6 Type C协议的UHF RFID标签基带处理器的设计.简要介绍了设计的结构,详细阐述了各种低功耗设计技术,如动态控制时钟频率、寄存器复用、使用计数器和组合逻辑代替移位寄存器、异步计数器、门控时钟等的应用.结果证明,这些措施有效地降低了功耗,仿真结果为在工作电压为1 V,时钟为2.5 MHz时,功耗为4.8 μW;目前实现了前三项措施的流片,测试结果表明工作电压为1 V,时钟为2.5 MHz时,功耗为8.03 μW.     

一种低功耗高频RFID标签芯片基带控制器

设计了一款应用于高频射频识别标签芯片的基带控制器。该基带控制器符合ISO15693标准协议,满足无源射频识别标签的低成本、低功耗的需求。详细论述了解码电路、命令响应模块及状态机、数据组织模块等关键电路的设计。芯片采用中芯国际0.35μm2P3M嵌入式EEPROM的混合信号CMOS工艺实现,基带控制器的Core面积仅为0.23mm2,功耗低至66.8μW。     

面向海关应用的UHF RFID电子标签芯片基带处理器

设计了一款基于ISO 18000-6C协议且适用于海关集装箱运输监控的数字基带处理器。提出并分析了数字基带处理器的总体结构以及模块划分,详细介绍了锁离合采集、锁离合监测记录等关键电路的设计。芯片采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P5M嵌入式EEPROM混合CMOS工艺实现。测试结果表明,芯片支持协议规定的所有功能,能正确记录开锁次数,其正常工作的最低电压为1V,平均电流为6.7μA,功耗为6.7μW,芯片尺寸为710μm×320μm。     

A fully integrated UHF RFID reader SoC for handheld applications in the 0.18 μm CMOS process

A low cost fully integrated single-chip UHF radio frequency identification(RFID) reader SoC for short distance handheld applications is presented.The SoC integrates all building blocks—including an RF transceiver,a PLL frequency synthesizer,a digital baseband and an MCU—in a 0.18μm CMOS process.A high-linearity RX frontend is designed to handle the large self-interferer.A class-E power amplifier with high power efficiency is also integrated to fulfill the function of a UHF passive RFID reader.The measure...     

An Ultra-Low-Power Long Range Battery/Passive RFID Tag for UHF and Microwave Bands With a Current Consumption of 700 nA at 1.5 V

We present for the first time, a fully integrated battery powered RFID integrated circuit (IC) for operation at ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and microwave bands. The battery powered RFID IC can also work as a passive RFID tag without a battery or when the battery has died (i.e., voltage has dropped below 1.3 V); this novel dual passive and battery operation allays one of the major drawbacks of currently available active tags, namely that the tag cannot be used once the battery has died. When powered by a battery, the current consumption is 700 nA at 1.5 V (400 nA if internal signals are not brought out on test pads). This ultra-low-power consumption permits the use of a very small capacity battery of 100 mA-hr for lifetimes exceeding ten years; as a result a battery tag that is very close to a passive tag both in form factor and cost is made possible. The chip is built on a 1-mum digital CMOS process with dual poly layers, EEPROM and Schottky diodes. The RF threshold power at 2.45 GHz is -19 dBm which is the lowest ever reported threshold power for RFID tags and has a range exceeding 3.5 m under FCC unlicensed operation at the 2.4-GHz microwave band. The low threshold is achieved with architectural choices and low-power circuit design techniques. At 915 MHz, based on the experimentally measured tag impedance (92-j837) and the threshold spec of the tag (200 mV), the theoretical minimum range is 24 m. The tag initially is in a "low-power" mode to conserve power and when issued the appropriate command, it operates in "full-power" mode. The chip has on-chip voltage regulators, clock and data recovery circuits, EEPROM and a digital state machine that implements the ISO 18000-4 B protocol in the "full-power" mode. We provide detailed explanation of the clock recovery circuits and the implementation of the binary sort algorithm, which includes a pseudorandom number generator. Other than the antenna board and a battery, no external components are used.     

A compact low-power UHF RFID tag

In this paper, the design of an ultra-low-power UHF RFID tag is introduced. The system architecture and the communication protocols are chosen to operate with the minimum requirements possible from the RFID tag. By moving most of system functionality to the RFID reader side, the circuit requirements of the RFID tag circuits are relaxed. Supply voltages for both analog and digital parts are chosen carefully for minimum power consumption. The RFID tag is designed in standard digital 0.13 μm CMOS technology. Simulations results of the main blocks are shown. The power consumption of the chip is only 1 μW, and the chip area is only 0.14 mm×0.23 mm.     

UHF RFID标签基带处理器的ASIC设计

提出了一款基于EPC Class1 Generation2协议的UHF RFID标签基带处理器。考虑到工作距离是无源标签的一个重要指标,要提高工作距离,就要降低标签功耗,采取了一系列低功耗措施,如2.56MHz和1.28MHz的双时钟策略、增加单元开关功能以及使用异步计数器等。设计采用TSMC 0.18μm工艺,工作电压为1.8V,功耗为6.4μW,版图尺寸为415μm×398μm。采用Xilinx的FPGA开发平台进行验证,测试结果满足C1G2协议要求。     

A passive UHF RFID tag chip with a dual-resolution temperature sensor in a 0.18μm standard CMOS process

This paper presents a passive EPC Gen-2 UHF RFID tag chip with a dual-resolution temperature sensor. The chip tag integrates a temperature sensor,an RF/analog front-end circuit,an NVM memory and a digital baseband in a standard CMOS process.The sensor with a low power sigma-delta(ΣΔ) ADC is designed to operate in low and high resolution modes.It can not only achieve the target accuracy but also reduce the power consumption and the sensing time.A CMOS-only RF rectifier and a single-poly non-volatile memory(NVM) are designed to realize a low cost tag chip.The 192-bit-N VM tag chip with an area of 1 mm~2 is implemented in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process.The sensitivity of the tag is -10.7 dBm/-8.4 dBm when the sensor is disabled/enabled.It achieves a maximum reading/sensing distance of 4 m/3.1 m at 2 W EIRP.The inaccuracy of the sensor is -0.6℃/0.5℃(-1.0℃/1.2℃) in the operating range from 5 to 15℃in high resolution mode(-30 to 50℃in low resolution mode).The resolution of the sensor achieves 0.02℃(0.18℃) in high(low) resolution mode.     

A dual mode UHF EPC Gen 2 RFID tag in 0.18 μm CMOS

A dual mode UHF RFID transponder in 0.18 μm CMOS conforming to the EPC Gen 2 standard is presented. Low voltage design of the analog and digital blocks enables the chip to operate with a 1 V regulated voltage and thus to reduce the power consumption. The novel dual mode architecture enables the chip to work in passive and battery-assisted modes controlled by the reader. A custom Gen 2 based command switches the operation mode of the circuit. By using a special clock calibration method the chip operates from 1.2 to 5 MHz clock frequency. Several low power techniques are employed to reduce the power consumption of the chip which is essential in passive RFID tags. Measurement results show that the chip consumes 12 μW at 1 V supply voltage when it communicates with the reader. The chip is fabricated in 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology and occupies 0.95 mm² die area.