中频磁控溅射制备氧化钨薄膜及电致变色性能研究

采用中频磁控溅射方法,在氧化铟(ITO)玻璃上采用氧化钨(WO3)陶瓷靶沉积薄膜,研究溅射气压对WO3薄膜结构与光学性能的影响规律,并对其电致变色行为进行了探讨.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了WO3薄膜的成分结构和表面形貌,紫外可见分光光度计和电化学工作站对薄膜的光调制性能、电致变色伏安特性、...     

WO3薄膜的磁控溅射法制备及电致变色性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射制备了具有优异电致变色性能的WO3薄膜。通过对成膜参数的调控,实现了低功率和短溅射时间的制膜制度,获得了较宽的工艺范围。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、光学轮廓仪、电化学工作站、紫外-可见-红外分光光度计研究了薄膜的物相、微观结构、厚度、电致变色性能。研究表明:在溅射功率为50 W,溅射压强为2.0 Pa,反应气体流量为20 sccm时所制得的薄膜性能最为优越。所制备薄膜具有较短的变色响应时间和大幅度的变色调制幅度,其对可见光变色调制幅度达到80%。     

直流磁控溅射沉积WO3薄膜电致变色性能研究

以金属钨为靶材,采用直流反应磁控溅射方法,在玻璃上制备电致变色WO3薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)方法对薄膜的结构进行了分析,得出了WO3薄膜的沉积工艺.制备了WO3/TTO/Glass电致变色器件,并对其性能进行了研究.结果表明在Li+注入前后,薄膜的透射率平均变化约50%,具有较好的可逆变色特性;Li+注入后,WO3薄膜中的一部分W6+变为W5+,转化比例约为25%.     

磁控溅射WO3电致变色薄膜的太阳吸收率

采用直流磁控反应溅射工艺制备了WO3薄膜.WO3薄膜在原始状态和注入Li离子后的平均透射率分别为83%和6%,变化接近77%,表明该WO3薄膜具有很好的电致变色性能.根据薄膜的透射率和反射率计算了WO3薄膜的太阳吸收率:WO3薄膜在着色态和褪色态的太阳吸收率分别为0.780和0.123.     

制备WO3电致变色薄膜的低压反应离子镀工艺研究

在电子束蒸发镀膜的基础上,引入低压反应离子镀工艺制备WO3电致变色薄膜,研究不同氧分压对WO3薄膜电致变色特性的影响,实验结果表明制备时选择工作气体氩气分压为2×10-2 Pa,氧分压为4×10-2 Pa时,薄膜具有最好的电致变色特性和最大的变色范围.进而采用低压反应离子镀工艺成功地实现在塑料基板上制备WO3薄膜,并对其电致变色特性进行了研究.同时对比了采用普通电子束蒸发镀膜制备的WO3薄膜的电致变色特性.     

DC磁控溅射沉积WO3电致变色薄膜

采用直流磁控反应溅射工艺制备了WO3薄膜,在初始状态和注入Li离子后的平均透射率分别为83%和6%,变化接近77%,表明该WO3薄膜样品具有很好的电致变色性能.根据薄膜的透射率和反射率分别计算了WO3薄膜的光学带隙:非晶WO3薄膜的带隙为3.31eV,多晶WO3薄膜的带隙为3.22eV.     

WO_3薄膜的微观结构与电致变色机制研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法在ITO导电玻璃上沉积了WO3薄膜,研究了靶基距对其微结构和电致变色性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM和XPS对薄膜的微结构和成分进行了表征。通过可见光透射谱对样品的电致变色性能进行了研究,并且讨论了WO3薄膜电致变色性能与其微结构、价态变化之间的关系。发现靶基距为7cm的情况下沉积得到的WO3薄膜呈非晶态,薄膜有更多的孔隙,有利于Li+的抽取,进而显示出较好的电致变色性能。反应溅射制备的WO3薄膜中W是W6+价态,颜色为透明状,当发生着色反应时,随着薄膜中Li+成分增加,薄膜颜色变为蓝色,薄膜中W原子为W6+和W5+的混合价态。认为其电致变色的行为是由于Li+和e-在薄膜中的注入和拉出引起的W6+和W5+发生转化所致。     

制备工艺对氧化钨电致变色薄膜性能的影响

采用WO3陶瓷靶,运用射频反应磁控溅射工艺,通过正交试验方法优化实验参数,制备出性能优异的WO3电致变色薄膜,通过对薄膜进行真空热处理,提高了薄膜变色存储能力。结果表明,氧分量为60%、压强为2.5Pa、功率为145W时制备的薄膜,对光调制幅度(ΔT)达89.3%。适度温度真空热处理可改善薄膜性能,着色率略有提高,变色存储时间增加(达32h),离子存储能力增大(达3.96mC/cm2),循环稳定性能良好,同时热处理使薄膜晶化,密度增加,变色响应时间增加。     

WO3薄膜制备及其电致变色性能研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法在室温下制备WO3薄膜。研究溅射功率对WO3薄膜结构及电致变色性能的影响规律,考察退火后WO3薄膜的结构演变及电致变色性能变化。结果表明溅射功率为270W时薄膜表现出较好的电致变色性能,其调制幅度达78.5%,着色时间为9s,褪色时间为3.2s。将该功率下制备的WO3薄膜进行退火处理,其结构由非晶态转变为晶态,但调制幅度、响应时间特性都发生一定程度的退化。非晶态WO3薄膜相比晶态结构具有更快的响应时间和更宽的调制幅度,但晶态薄膜具有更好的循环稳定性。     

Pt／WO3纳米薄膜的氢敏特性

用溶胶-凝胶法和磁控溅射法相结合制备了催化剂Pt掺杂的WO3纳米薄膜,通过改变氢气的体积分数、催化剂Pt的含量及热处理温度等实验因素,对Pt／WO3薄膜的氢致变色性能进行了测试;并利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了薄膜的氢敏机理。实验结果表明：先用溶胶-凝胶法制得WO3薄膜,然后再用磁控溅射法在该WO3薄膜上溅射掺杂5％的Pt,制得Pt／WO3双层纳米薄膜,经100℃热处理后,可以获得性能稳定且具有良好氢敏特性的优质薄膜;薄膜能检测的氢气浓度低至0．008％;XPS分析表明,W^5＋与W^6＋之间的转换是引起WO3薄膜氢致变色现象的主要原因。     

NH3 sensing characteristics of nano-WO3 thin films deposited on porous silicon

The NH3 sensing characteristics of nano-tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films deposited on porous silicon (PS) were investigated in the present study. Porous silicon layer was first prepared by electrochemical etching in an HF-based solution on a p(+)-type silicon substrate. Then, WO3 nano-films were deposited on the porous silicon layer by DC magnetron sputtering. Pt electrodes were deposited on the top surface of the WO3 films to obtain the WO3/PS gas sensor. The WO3 films deposited on PS were characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS. The NH3 sensing characteristics for WO3/PS gas sensor were tested at room temperature and 50 degrees C. The results showed that the NH3 sensing characteristics of WO3/PS were superior to WO3/Al2O3 at room temperature. The sensing mechanism of the nano-WO3 thin films based on PS was also discussed.     

Ag/Bi4Ti3O12/p-Si异质结的制备及其C-V特性研究

为制备符合铁电存储器件要求的高质量铁电薄膜,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)工艺,制备了Si基Bi4Ti3O12铁电薄膜及MFS结构的Ag/Bi4Ti3O12/P-Si异质结,对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的相结构特征及异质结的C-V特性进行了测试与分析.XRD图谱显示,Si基Bi4Ti3O12薄膜具有沿c-轴择优取向生长的趋势,而Ag/Bi4Ti3O12/p-Si异质结顺时针回滞的C-V特性曲线则表明,该异质结可实现电极化存储.此外,对该异质结C-V特性曲线的非对称及向负偏压方向偏移的产生原因也进行了分析.在此基础上,为提高铁电薄膜的铁电性能及改善其C-V特性提出了合理的结构设想.     

Amorphous WO3-x thin films with color characteristics tuned by the oxygen vacancies created during reactive DC sputtering

Tungsten oxides are interesting for a variety of applications due to their versatile optoelectronic charac-teristics,which can be tuned changing the composition and/or the crystalline structure.Coloration due to sub-bandgap absorption is often achieved by ion intercalation or doping in WO3:M films(with M=H+,Li+,Na+,etc.introducing extra electrons),but a more direct way is creating charged oxygen vacancies(Vo+and/or Vo2+)in sub-stoichiometric WO3-x forms.Here,amorphous WO3-x thin films are obtained by reactive DC sputtering of a pure W target,on unheated glass substrates,changing the oxygen to argon pressures ratio.The control of intrinsic defects(oxygen vacancies and tungsten valence states)by the oxy-gen partial pressure allows tuning the morphology,sub-bandgap absorption and carrier density in these WO3-x films,as it is proven by Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy,optical spectrophotometry and Hall effect measurements.     

Material and sensing properties of Pd-deposited WO3 thin films

The physicochemical and electrical properties of Pd-deposited WO3 thin films were investigated as a function of Pd thickness, annealing temperature, and operating temperature for application as a hydrogen gas sensor. WO3 thin films were deposited on an insulating material using a thermal evaporator. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the crystal structure, microstructure, surface roughness, and chemical property of the films, respectively. The deposited films grew into polycrystalline WO3 with a rhombohedral structure after annealing at 500 degrees C. Adding Pd had no effect on the crystallinity, but suppressed the growth of WO3 grains. The Pd was scattered as isolated small spherical particles of PdO2 on the WO3 thin film after annealing at 500 degrees C, while it agglomerated as irregular large particles or diffused into the WO3 after annealing at 600 degrees C. PdO2 reduction under H2 and reoxidation under air were dependent on both the Pd deposition thickness and annealing conditions. The WO3 thin film with a 2-nm-thick Pd deposit showed a good response and recovery to H2 gas at a 250 degrees C operating temperature.     

Visible-light active photocatalytic WO3 films loaded with Pt nanoparticles deposited by sputtering

Visible-Light active photocatalytic tungsten trioxide (WO3) films were deposited at a substrate temperature of 800 degrees C by dc reactive magnetron sputtering using a W metal target. In addition, Platinum (Pt) was deposited on the WO3 film surfaces at room temperature, also by sputtering. In the early stages of Pt growth, formation of Pt nanoparticles could be expected because of the island structure observed in Volmer-Weber-type growth mode. The surface coverage of Pt on the WO3 films was estimated quantitatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and was found to be approximately 60% after 7 s deposition. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) demonstrated that Pt nanoparticles with a diameter of about 2.5 nm were generated and dispersed uniformly on the entire surface area of the columnar polycrystalline WO3 films. These Pt-loaded films exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) under visible light irradiation.     

A note on constrained shape memory alloys upon thermal cycling

In this paper, we present a systematical study on the constrained shape memory alloys upon thermal cycling. The focuses are the transformation temperature interval and hysteresis. Closed-form expressions are obtained for biased actuators and thin films atop an elastic substrate.     

Morphology-tailored synthesis of tungsten trioxide (hydrate) thin films and their photocatalytic properties

Tungsten trioxide hydrate (3WO(3)·H(2)O) films with different morphologies were directly grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a facile crystal-seed-assisted hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that 3WO(3)·H(2)O thin films composed of platelike, wedgelike, and sheetlike nanostructures could be selectively synthesized by adding Na(2)SO(4), (NH(4))(2)SO(4), and CH(3)COONH(4) as capping agents, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that these films were of orthorhombic structure. The as-prepared thin films after dehydration showed obvious photocatalytic activities. The best film grown using CH(3)COONH(4) as a capping agent generated anodic photocurrents of 1.16 mA/cm(2) for oxidization of methanol and 0.5 mA/cm(2) for water splitting with the highest photoconversion efficiency of about 0.3% under simulated solar illumination.     

全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究进展

电致色灵巧窗是由电致色材料、离子导体、反电极和两层透明导电膜组成的一种新型的功能材料。介绍了以WO3为核心的Li离子导体全固态灵巧窗的结构和性能及其实用性，并着重讨论了WO3电致色膜、有机及无机Li离子导体和反电极材料的特性。还介绍了全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究现状及其发展趋势。