陶瓷刀具和PCBN刀具磨损形态的研究

对陶瓷刀具(CC650)和PCBN刀具(CB20)精车淬硬GCr15轴承钢时的刀具磨损形态及性能进行了对比试验；结合扫描电镜对刀具的磨损形态作观察；分析了刀具磨损特征及磨损机理。结果表明：刀具损坏的形态主要为前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、微崩刃及破损等；陶瓷刀具和PCBN刀具的前后刀面磨损形态不同于典型的磨损形态，陶瓷刀具主后刀面的磨损量要比PCBN刀具的磨损量小。但两种刀具均适合于淬硬钢的精加工工序。     

氟金云母陶瓷车削加工中刀具磨损的研究

分别用高速钢刀具、硬质合金刀具和Si3N4陶瓷刀具对氟金云母可加工陶瓷进行车削加工试验,考察了氟金云母陶瓷车削加工中刀具的磨损过程、磨损形态及失效原因。SEM电镜观察和能谱分析表明,刀具磨损主要发生在后刀面和刀尖处,刀具磨损的主要形式有磨料磨损、粘结磨损,材料高硬度、低热导率是引起刀具磨损的主要原因。刀具破损的主要形式为高速钢刀具切削刃塑性变形和陶瓷刀具的崩刃。刀具与工件的组织不均匀,以及切削过程中产生的冲击性机械应力和热应力是刀具破损的主要原因。     

氧化铝基纳米复合陶瓷刀具连续切削铸铁HT200切削性能研究

实验中,刀具磨损情况研究发现会随着切削速度的提高而加剧,失效形式以粘结磨损为主。当采用的切削速度较低时,前刀面的月牙洼磨损成为陶瓷刀具磨损的主要形态,边界磨损和后刀面磨损也很严重。而且在切削的过程中,微崩刃现在也会发生;随着切削速度的提高,崩刃成为刀具的主要失效形式。本文结合现有实验条件,从实用性角度出发,对氧化铝基纳米复合陶瓷刀具车削铸铁的切削性能进行了研究。     

陶瓷刀具高速干式切削等温淬火球铁的表面粗糙度研究

结合现有等温淬火球墨铸铁(ADI)材料的生产情况,制备三组试样并测定力学性能;采用CC650陶瓷刀具实施高速切削试验,探讨ADI高速切削时加工材料-刀具材料-切削用量-表面粗糙度之间的关系,基于微粒群算法建立了ADI高速切削过程中工件表面糙度与切削参数之间的理论模型,为高速切削加工ADI的最佳生产工艺提供理论指导。     

硬质合金刀具铣削Ti6Al4V材料性能研究

Ti6Al4V材料具有良好的性能,广泛应用于航空、航天、医学等领域。这一材料属于典型难加工金属材料,对刀具的切削性能要求较高。对YG6硬质合金刀具干式铣削Ti6Al4V材料时的刀具磨损形态、切削力、切屑形态进行了研究,结果表明,在其它切削参数相同的条件下,低速切削时刀具磨损主要表现为粘结磨损、磨粒磨损、边界磨损。随着切削速度的加快,刀具磨损加剧,主切削刃出现微崩刃。在较高的切削速度和较大的进给量下,刀具磨损进一步加剧,刀尖处磨损最为严重,前刀面出现剥落现象。在进给量和切削深度保持不变的情况下,切削速度加快,切削力出现减小的趋势。YG6刀具切削Ti6Al4V材料容易形成节状切屑,这会对加工表面质量产生不利影响。     

表面微织构Al_2O_3-TiC陶瓷刀具的切削性能研究

研究了不同形状和不同结构尺寸的表面微织构陶瓷刀具切削45#淬火钢后,陶瓷刀具的前刀面月牙洼磨损形貌和后刀面磨损量,进而分析表面微织构对陶瓷刀具的作用机理和不同表面微织构的影响。其中,分别针对无微织构和三种不同形状,不同深度、宽度和间距的表面微织构陶瓷刀具做了单因素切削实验。实验结果表明,具有表面微织构的陶瓷刀具切削性能优于无微织构陶瓷刀具,过大的深度、宽度和间距反而不利于刀具前刀面的减摩。刀具表面微织构深度为10μm、宽度为25μm、间距为50μm时,与切削刃平行的横向微织构陶瓷刀具的切削性能最好,即该表面微织构的减摩效果最明显。     

陶瓷刀具车削TC4钛合金磨损特性的研究

为研究陶瓷刀具切削钛合金的磨损机理,采用CC6060陶瓷刀片对TC4钛合金进行了干式车削试验。结果表明:陶瓷刀具干式切削TC4钛合金时,磨损形貌以前刀面月牙洼磨损、后刀面沟槽磨损和刀尖破损为主,磨损机理主要是粘结磨损和氧化磨损。随着切削速度的增加,刀具磨损加剧,刀具寿命降低。CC6060陶瓷刀片干式切削钛合金时的使用寿命很低,不适于干式切削钛合金。     

硬质合金刀具切削钛合金Ti6Al4V界面摩擦特性研究

钛合金Ti6Al4V具有高的比强度、良好的机械性能和抗蚀性,但因其化学活性大、导热系数低,切削时刀具磨损严重。为选择合理切削参数以减少刀具磨损,研究钛合金在不同切削条件下刀-屑/工界面的摩擦特性。结果表明,在切削速度较低时,刀具磨损表面紧密接触区附有大量黏结物,而在切削速度较高时,会产生不稳定粘结物,且刀具与工件材料接触面发生扩散,不稳定黏结物的脱落造成刀具微崩刃,加速刀具的磨损;采用合理的切削速度时,黏附在刀具表面的工件材料会发生氧化反应,生成的氧化物具有一定边界润滑作用,使黏结磨损与氧化磨损达到平衡,因此能减弱刀具-工件间接触时的高温黏结,降低刀具的磨损。     

高速铣削淬硬钢刀具磨损机理的研究

通过工具显微镜、扫描电镜以及能谱分析的方法对K30刀具高速铣削淬硬钢的磨损形态和磨损机理做了研究,从试验结果看出由于粘结磨损、磨料磨损、扩散磨损以及其他磨损等原因使得硬质合金刀具高速铣削淬硬钢时刀具的磨损主要发生在刀具的后刀面,主要的磨损形态是片状剥落、微崩刃以及边界磨损等,前刀面的磨损和常规切削下磨损形态不一样,主要集中在刀刃处,距离刀刃一段距离有较小剥落现象出现.     

高速干车削钴基高温合金的陶瓷刀具磨损机理研究

针对难加工材料钴基高温合金GH605,采用Al2O3基和Sialon基陶瓷刀具进行高速干车削试验,分析在不同切削速度下的刀具后刀面磨损量、刀具磨损形式以及磨损机理.研究表明:Sialon基陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损量大于Al2O3基陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损量;Al203基陶瓷刀具主要磨损形式为前后刀面的正常磨损、前后刀面的非正常剥落和微崩刃,低切削速度时磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损、黏结磨损,高切削速度时还伴有氧化磨损;Sialon基陶瓷刀具磨损形式主要以破损为主.该研究可以为高速干车削钴基高温合金的高性能陶瓷刀具的设计、刀具寿命预测等提供理论指导.     

Performance of ceramic tools in high-speed cutting iron-based superalloys

A series of turning tests were conducted to investigate the cutting performance of ceramic tools in high-speed turning iron-based superalloys GH2132 (A286). Three kinds of ceramic tools, KY1540, CC650, and CC670 were used and their materials are Sialon, Al₂O₃–Ti(C,N), and Al₂O₃–SiC_w, respectively. The cutting forces, cutting temperatures, tool wear morphologies, and tool failure mechanisms are discussed. The experimental results show that with the increase in cutting speed, the resultant cutting forces with KY1540 and CC670 tools show a tendency to increase first and then decrease while those for CC650 increase gradually. The cutting temperature increases monotonically with the increase in cutting speed. The optimum cutting speeds for KY1540 and CC650 when turning GH2132 are less than 100 m/min, while those for CC670 are between 100 and 200 m/min. Flank wear is the main reason that leads to tool failure of KY1540 and CC670 while notch wear is the main factor that leads to tool failure of CC650. Tool failure mechanisms of ceramic tools when machining GH2132 include adhesion, chipping, abrasion, and notching. Better surface roughness can be got using CC670 ceramic tools.     

高速干切削时金属陶瓷刀具磨损的试验研究

对金属陶瓷刀具高速干切削45钢时的磨损情况进行了试验和分析。结果表明,进给量对金属陶瓷刀具后刀面磨损的影响与切削速度和刀具磨损形态密切相关,对刀具寿命的影响与低速湿切削时存在较大差异。     

Wear behaviour of alumina based ceramic cutting tools on machining steels

The advanced ceramic cutting tools have very good wear resistance, high refractoriness, good mechanical strength and hot hardness. Alumina based ceramic cutting tools have very high abrasion resistance and hot hardness. Chemically they are more stable than high-speed steels and carbides, thus having less tendency to adhere to metals during machining and less tendency to form built-up edge. This results in good surface finish and dimensional accuracy in machining steels. In this paper wear behaviour of alumina based ceramic cutting tools is investigated. The machining tests were conducted using SiC whisker reinforced alumina ceramic cutting tool and Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool on martensitic stainless steel-grade 410 and EN 24 steel work pieces. Flank wear in Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool is lower than that of the SiC whisker reinforced alumina cutting tool. SiC whisker reinforced alumina cutting tool exhibits poor crater wear resistance while machining. Notch wear in SiC whisker reinforced alumina cutting tool is lower than that of the Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool. The flank wear, crater wear and notch wear are higher on machining martensitic stainless steel than on machining hardened steel. In summary Ti[C,N] mixed alumina cutting tool performs better than SiC whisker reinforced alumina cutting tool on machining martensitic stainless steel.     

[绿色制造工艺和系统]基于切削比能的高速干切工艺刀具温升调控方法

高速干切中,较高的切削速度和切削液的缺失使得切削热短时间内在刀具上大量聚集,造成刀具磨损并影响使用寿命,解决该问题的有效手段是控制刀具温度升高。通过分析高速干切削加工过程中切削热在刀具中的传递与作用特性,基于切削比能和切屑几何形貌建立高速干切刀具的温升模型,在此基础上以温升最小为目标,以切削速度、进给量、刀具主偏角为变量,提出一种刀具温度调控方法,并结合高速干式车削加工案例进行应用与验证分析。     

铁基粉末冶金材料的高速干切削试验研究

用陶瓷刀具、涂层刀具和硬质合金刀具进行了铁基粉末冶金零件的干切削对比试验,研究了切削速度、切削深度以及进给速度与刀具耐用度和加工表面粗糙度的关系,分析了陶瓷刀具的磨损机理。结果表明所选用陶瓷刀具的切削性能明显优于涂层刀具和硬质合金刀具;陶瓷刀具前刀面主要磨损形式为月牙洼磨损与剥落,后刀面的主要磨损原因为磨粒磨损;认为陶瓷刀具更适合用于粉末冶金零件的切削加工。     

陶瓷涂层刀具切削灰铸铁的试验研究

为了探究陶瓷涂层刀具涂层材质、基体材质对切削性能的影响,试验采用四种陶瓷涂层刀具连续干切削灰铸铁,测试了切削力和切削温度的变化情况以及后刀面的磨损量和已加工表面的粗糙度。结果表明,在刀具基体同为Si_3N_4的条件下,涂层材质为Ti N/Al_2O_3/Ti C的刀具比Ti N/Al_2O_3的切削性能好;在涂层材质同为Ti N的条件下,刀具基体Al_2O_3/Ti CN比Al_2O_3/Ti C的切削性能好。研究发现:四种陶瓷涂层刀具前刀面磨损形式均为微崩刃和月牙洼,后刀面磨损形式均为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,涂层的磨损形式均为剥落和扩散磨损。     

MACHINING PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION FOR ALUMINA BASED CERAMIC CUTTING TOOLS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Alumina-based ceramic cutting tools can be operated at higher cutting speeds than carbide and cermet tools. This results in increased metal removal rates and productivity. While the initial cost of alumina based ceramic inserts is generally higher than carbide or cermet inserts, the cost per part machined is often lower. Production cost is the main concern of the industry and it has to be optimised to fully utilize the advantages of ceramic cutting tools. In this study, optimization of machining parameters on machining S.G. iron (ASTM A536 60-40-18) using alumina based ceramic cutting tools is presented. Before doing the optimization work, experimental machining study is carried out using Ti [C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool (CC 650) and Zirconia toughened alumina ceramic cutting tool (Widialox G) to get actual input values to the optimization problem, so that the optimized results will be realistic. The optimum machining parameters are found out using Genetic algorithm and it is found that Widialox G tool is able to machine at lower unit production cost than CC 650 tool. The various costs affecting the unit production cost are also discussed.     

MACHINING PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION FOR ALUMINA BASED CERAMIC CUTTING TOOLS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Alumina-based ceramic cutting tools can be operated at higher cutting speeds than carbide and cermet tools. This results in increased metal removal rates and productivity. While the initial cost of alumina based ceramic inserts is generally higher than carbide or cermet inserts, the cost per part machined is often lower. Production cost is the main concern of the industry and it has to be optimised to fully utilize the advantages of ceramic cutting tools. In this study, optimization of machining parameters on machining S.G. iron (ASTM A536 60-40-18) using alumina based ceramic cutting tools is presented. Before doing the optimization work, experimental machining study is carried out using Ti [C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool (CC 650) and Zirconia toughened alumina ceramic cutting tool (Widialox G) to get actual input values to the optimization problem, so that the optimized results will be realistic. The optimum machining parameters are found out using Genetic algorithm and it is found that Widialox G tool is able to machine at lower unit production cost than CC 650 tool. The various costs affecting the unit production cost are also discussed.     

Performance comparison of conventional and wiper ceramic inserts in hard turning through artificial neural network modeling

Hard turning with ceramic tools provides an alternative to grinding operation in machining high precision and hardened components. But, the main concerns are the cost of expensive tool materials and the effect of the process on machinability. The poor selection of cutting conditions may lead to excessive tool wear and increased surface roughness of workpiece. Hence, there is a need to investigate the effects of process parameters on machinability characteristics in hard turning. In this work, the influence of cutting speed, feed rate, and machining time on machinability aspects such as specific cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear in AISI D2 cold work tool steel hard turning with three different ceramic inserts, namely, CC650, CC650WG, and GC6050WH has been studied. A multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), trained using error back-propagation training algorithm has been employed for predicting the machinability. The input?Coutput patterns required for ANN training and testing are obtained from the turning experiments planned through full factorial design. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of ANN models to analyze the effects of cutting conditions as well as to study the performance of conventional and wiper ceramic inserts on machinability.