自然循环铅基快堆一回路系统驱动力的关键影响因素研究

为深入研究影响自然循环铅基快堆一回路系统驱动力的关键因素,以自然循环铅基快堆SNCLFR-10为研究对象构建描述反应堆一回路自然循环稳态运行模型;从理论上量化分析冷/热池的热量传递、热源和热阱温度非线性分布、反应堆压力容器壁散热3种因素对自然循环能力的影响,并开展了相关数值模拟验证。结果表明,数值模拟结果与本研究理论计算值吻合较好;3种自然循环能力影响机制耦合作用将降低SNCLFR-10系统自然循环能力,导致自然循环流量与功率之间不再满足理论所得的1/3次方关系。      

铅铋自然循环热工水力分析程序开发

铅铋堆内冷却剂的自然循环对于反应堆的正常运行以及事故工况下的堆芯热量导出均至关重要,相关热工水力分析工作对于支持设计及安审均有重要意义。通过对铅铋堆内一回路系统内主要部件,包括堆芯、热交换器、管道等建立热工水力物理模型,开发了适用于铅铋自然循环瞬态过程模拟的热工水力分析程序,并利用铅铋自然循环回路内开展的自然循环启动实验、功率台阶影响实验等的结果进行了程序的初步验证。结果表明,程序计算得到的结果与实验结果符合较好,能够较好模拟铅铋自然循环的瞬态过程。该程序可以为铅铋堆研发过程中自然循环热工水力分析工作提供支持。     

小型自然循环铅基快堆内部始发事件选取研究

始发事件是铅基反应堆确定论安全分析和概率安全评价的起点和基础,对反应堆优化设计和安全运行具有重要指导作用。本文基于小型自然循环铅基快堆SNCLFR-100当前的设计方案,参考其他先进快堆始发事件选取经验,以广义“堆芯熔化”作为顶层目标事件,采用主逻辑图（MLD）方法推导其内部始发事件,最后得到一组较完整的内部始发事件清单。本文研究可为自然循环铅基快堆安全分析工作的开展提供理论依据。      

实验快堆自然循环模拟实验装置的模拟原理及其参数计算

研究了池式快堆自然循环模拟实验的模拟准则，根据模拟准则和自然循环守衡方程式，对池式实验快堆自然循环模拟实验装置，在各种模拟准则条件下的几何与热工设计参数进行了计算。研究了模型比例，事故冷却器一次侧进出口温差和阻力系数等对相似准则数的影响，并且确定了模拟实验装置的设计参数范围，从理论上解决了池式实验快堆自然循环模拟实验装置的模拟问题。     

基于CFD的池式快堆多物理耦合分析方法研究

基于临界/次临界点堆中子动力学模型、燃料棒传热模型、热交换器和多孔介质等辅助热工水力模型,采用显式迭代和动态链接库技术(DLL),利用商用计算流体力学(CFD)程序FLUENT的用户自定义函数(UDF)实现中子动力学、燃料棒热传导等和快堆堆池冷却剂流动换热的耦合计算,开发池式快堆多物理耦合计算程序CFD/PF。采用CFD/PF开展小型自然循环铅铋快堆SNCLFR-10无保护超功率事故(UTOP)模拟,并与国际知名快堆多物理耦合分析程序SIMMR-Ⅲ的计算结果开展Code-to-Code对比分析。研究结果表明:CFD/PF与SIMMER-Ⅲ的分析结果吻合良好,耦合程序的开发取得了初步成功,可用于分析池式快堆堆池内的复杂三维流动和换热现象。     

基于无量纲准则数的整体效应试验数据适用性验证方法探究

在进行核反应堆与核动力装置安全性评估的过程中,一般需要基于相似比例法则建立整体效应试验（IET）或分离效应实验（SET）台架,为安全性能验证与评估提供数据支撑。作为衡量比例相似程度的重要参数,无量纲准则数可以对特定物理现象做出独立于台架特性、装置尺寸等的表征,因此可以用于比例设计的合理性验证以及实验数据的适用性评估。对无量纲数的跨台架应用可以避免过量重复性实验,也可辅助评估单一台架未能准确复现的某个物理现象。为了探索无量纲数在比例分析和实验数据适用性评估中的应用方法和原则,本文针对传统压水堆的小破口失水事故（SBLOCA）,基于RELAP5数值模拟结果,使用自上而下的比例分析方法对整体效应试验台架LOFT和LOBI进行无量纲参数计算和数据对比。分析结果表明,与破口质量流出、堆芯衰变热、一回路压力等重要现象和参数相关的无量纲数跨台架吻合较好;而与回路摩擦阻力、回路浮升力等相关的无量纲数比率有较大失真。本文采用的无量纲分析方法预期可用于同类型试验台架的实验数据互验,并为新堆型的开发和验证提供参考。      

铅基快堆关键热工水力问题研究综述

铅基快堆是一种极具发展潜力的第4代核能系统,在燃料增殖和嬗变方面具有独特优势,具有良好的非能动安全特性和经济性,且有利于实现小型化,是目前国际核能领域研究的热点。本文总结了国内外主要铅基堆型,指出了小型化是铅基快堆的发展方向,同时也指出了当前铅基快堆发展所面临的主要问题。针对热工水力关键问题的5个方面,即液态铅/铅铋流动换热特性研究、堆芯/组件热工水力分析、铅池内流动换热现象研究、系统热工水力安全分析以及特殊现象的热工水力分析,对国内外研究现状展开了分析,总结了当前研究成果,并分析了研究的发展趋势以及遇到的技术瓶颈。本文可为铅基快堆的设计和热工水力分析提供一定的建议和指导。     

AP1000 ADS-4阀门夹带卸压实验模化分析

本文对AP1000ADS-4阀门开启后反应堆冷却剂系统(RCS)的夹带卸压现象进行限直径、降高度、等物性模化分析。主要包含ADS-4阀门支管夹带模化、RCS降压模化及反应堆上腔室夹带沉积模化。通过选择合理的无量纲准则数和对守恒方程进行无量纲分析,获得相关热工水力现象的模化准则,最终得到实验台架几何和热工水力参数。     

强迫循环向自然循环过渡的比例分析研究

整体性热工水力学试验是验证压水堆核电站安全性的核心技术,针对反应堆主回路循环特性的比例分析是指导整体性试验台架设计的理论依据。基于两相漂移流模型建立反应堆主回路强迫循环和自然循环的控制方程组。应用初始条件对方程无量纲化,得出整体性试验台架模拟原型电站主回路强迫循环向自然循环过渡的相似准则,提出能够模拟原型电站主泵惰转并满足循环过渡相似性要求的试验方法。     

液态金属冷却快堆子通道分析软件SACOS-LMR研发与工程应用

子通道分析方法是反应堆堆芯设计和热工水力分析的重要手段之一,对于我国提出的压水堆-快堆-聚变堆三步走核能发展战略,开发适用于液态金属冷却快堆热工安全分析的子通道分析程序具有重要意义。本文基于西安交通大学热工水力研究室自主开发的压水堆子通道程序SACOS,通过添加液态金属快堆特有的模型,如绕丝模型、盒间流模型、液态金属对流换热模型等,扩展至适用于液态金属快堆的子通道分析程序SACOS-LMR,该程序具备对液态金属快堆组件开展稳态和瞬态热工水力分析的功能。结合卡尔斯鲁厄开展的37棒钠冷瞬态实验,完成了SACOS-LMR程序的瞬态功能验证。基于验证后的SACOS-LMR程序,对欧洲铅冷快堆(ALFRED)堆芯开展了稳态工况和瞬态事故工况下的热工安全特性分析,计算结果合理,且与同类程序保持一致,表明SACOS-LMR程序可用于液态金属快堆的堆芯设计和热工水力分析研究。     

铅基快堆自然循环实验台架比例分析方法研究

Lead-based fast reactors have good natural circulation capabilities, and its natural circulation characteristics is of great value to improve the inherent safety of the reactor, and the scaling analysis method is the theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable and feasible lead-based fast reactor natural circulation test facility. In this paper, the main similarity groups could be determined by using dimensionless fluid governing equations of typical natural circulation lead-based fast reactor primary cooling system. Based on the constructed dimensionless similarity groups, the scaling analysis of small natural circulation lead-based fast reactor named SNCLFR-10 was carried out to obtain the geometric and thermal hydraulic design parameters of the dual-loop single-phase natural circulation experimental facility. The scaling method of the lead-based fast reactor natural circulation test facility was verified by comparing and analyzing the key thermal and hydraulic parameters of SNCLFR-10 and the scaled-down test facility under rated conditions. The research results show that the key thermal-hydraulic parameter ratios of SNCLFR-10 and the scaled-down facility are in good agreement with the theoretically deduced ratio, and the established lead-based fast reactor natural circulation experimental facility scaling analysis method is reasonable and feasible.     

Experimental validation of the TASS/SMR code for an integral type pressurized water reactor

The transient and setpoint simulation small and medium reactor (TASS/SMR) code has been applied to perform the safety analysis and performance evaluation of an integral type pressurized water reactor. Till now, the code has only been verified by using simplified and analytical problems as well as a reliable system code due to the lack of available experimental data. Recently, several kinds of experiments have been performed by focusing on an identification of the heat transfer characteristics at a heat sink and source, and the thermal hydraulic characteristics and the natural circulation performance in an integral effect test facility. In this paper, the TASS/SMR code has been validated by using the experimental data obtained from a separate effect test facility by focusing on the heat transfer characteristics and an integral effect test facility by focusing on the thermal hydraulic characteristics and the natural circulation performance. According to the validation results of the TASS/SMR code against the separate effect test and the integral effect test, the code predicts the overall variation of the thermal hydraulic parameters well, including the system pressure, fluid temperature, mass flow rate, etc., and it is applicable for the safety analysis and performance evaluation of an integral type pressurized water reactor.     

Experimental investigation of natural circulation instability in a BWR-type small modular reactor

The Purdue NMR (Novel Modular Reactor) represents a BWR-type small modular reactor with a significantly reduced reactor pressure vessel (RPV). Specifically, the NMR is one third the height and area of a conventional BWR RPV with an electrical output of 50 MWe. Experiments are performed in a well-scaled test facility to investigate the thermal hydraulic flow instabilities during the startup transients for the NMR. The scaling analysis for the design of natural circulation test facility uses a three-level scaling methodology. Scaling criteria are derived from non-dimensional field and constitutive equations. Important thermal hydraulic parameters, e.g. system pressure, inlet coolant flow velocity and local void fraction, are analyzed for slow and fast normal startup transients. Flashing instability and density wave oscillation are the main flow instabilities observed when system pressure is below 0.5 MPa. And the flashing instability and density wave oscillation show different type of oscillations in void fraction profile. Finally, the pressurized startup procedure is recommended and tested in current research to effectively eliminate the flow instabilities during the NMR startup transients.     

一维自然循环比例分析的结果与讨论

根据一维自然循环比例分析理论模型推导的试验装置与实际电站热工水力特性的相似准则,对整体性能试验装置主要参数的确定方法进行了深入讨论。结果表明:采用小尺度、等压力、同工质的实验装置模拟实际系统自然循环现象更为准确实际,单相和两相自然循环比例准则可同时满足,不存在复杂比例变化带来的失真,不利因素是试验成本偏高。同工质非等物性(不等压)模拟能够降低试验成本,但比例参数不能满足从单相自然循环到两相自然循环的平滑过渡。如保持功率连续,其速度比和特征时间比会有所差异。     

基于CFD的池式快堆多物理耦合分析方法研究

Based on the critical/subcritical point kinetics model, the fuel pin heat transfer model, and the auxiliary thermal hydraulic models such as the heat exchanger model and the porous media model, a multi-physical coupling code CFD/PF was developed by means of the explicit iteration method, dynamic link library technique (DLL) and user-defined functions (UDF) of FLUENT. The CFD/PF was used to carry out the simulation of SNCLFR-100 unprotected transient of over power (UTOP) of a small natural circulation LBE cooled fast reactor, and the code-to-code comparison analysis was conducted with the renowned multi-physical coupling code SIMMER-III. The results indicated that the CFD/PF simulation results are in a good agreement with SIMMER-III calculation results, and the multi-physical analysis method and code development have been achieved initial success, which can be used to analyze the complex three-dimensional flow and heat transfer phenomena in pool-type fast reactors.     

基于修改后RELAP5/MOD3.2的氟盐高温堆实验回路分析

大型热工流体整体效应系统实验(CIET)台架是为模拟氟盐冷却高温堆(FHR)热工水力响应而设计的实验回路,采用DOWTHERM A模拟氟盐作为冷却剂。通过在RELAP5/MOD3.2程序中加入DOWTHERM A物性参数以及传热关系式,计算FHR实验回路CIET在两种工况下的热工水力行为,并与实验结果进行对比,计算工况包括强迫循环条件与自然循环条件。计算结果表明:在强迫循环条件下,堆芯热量主要靠盘管式空气换热器(CTAH)排出,堆芯进出口冷却剂温度及CTAH出口冷却剂温度与实验值符合良好,CTAH进口冷却剂温度与实验值有些微偏差;在自然循环工况中,堆芯热量主要通过DHX与堆芯辅助冷却系统(DRACS)回路的换热带走,DHX及DRACS的流量与实验值接近,相对误差在10%左右,验证了修正后RELAP5/MOD3.2的正确性。     

一维自然循环比例分析的理论模型

整体性能试验研究是验证先进非能动压水堆核电站堆芯冷却系统设计有效性的核心技术,一回路系统两相自然循环热工水力特性比例分析是确定整体性能试验装置尺度的主要理论依据。以一维漂移流模型为基础,对整个一回路两相自然循环系统控制方程积分,并求得稳态解,由此获得了系统的流动条件。应用初始流动条件与边界条件,对两相自然循环系统控制方程直接无量纲化,最终得到了整体性能试验装置与实际非能动电站热工水力特性的相似准则。     

Subchannel analysis of fuel assemblies of a lead–alloy cooled fast reactor

Lead–alloy cooled fast reactor is one of the six Gen-IV reactors. It has many attractive features such as excellent natural circulation performance, better shielding against gamma rays or energetic neutrons and potentially reduced capital costs. A natural circulation lead–alloy cooled fast reactor with 10 MWth is under design in China (hereafter called LFR-10MW). Fuel assemblies thermal hydraulic analysis is of vital importance for a successful design. A subchannel analysis code with flow distribution model was used to carry out the thermal hydraulic analysis. This work briefly gave the thermal-hydraulic design for the LFR-10MW and analyzed the thermal-hydraulic characteristics under steady-state condition using the subchannel analysis code. Whole core analysis was performed to locate the hottest fuel assembly using the code. The hottest fuel assembly was analyzed to obtain the cladding temperature, fuel temperature and coolant velocity. The maximum cladding temperature, the maximum fuel center temperature and the maximum coolant velocity are all below the design constraints. These results imply that the thermal-hydraulic design of LFR-10MW is feasible.