Y-型纳米碳管的HRTEM研究

本文对Y-型纳米碳管的形貌和微观结构进行了HRTElVl表征,并探讨了其形成机理。结果表明：形成的Y-型纳米碳管内包裹Fe纳米微粒,管径分布在50—60nm之间;在反应中由于催化剂Fe纳米微粒粒径、形状和表面曲率不同,使纳米碳管在生长过程中产生分支,形成Y-型纳米碳管。     

纳米碳管的STM研究

本文应用扫描隧道显微镜对孤光放电方法得到的纳米碳管进行了观察。孤光放电法所产物的纳米碳管以直线型为主，并且多以束状存在。碳管束直径约２０ｎｍ，而单要碳管的直径大多在２ｎｍ到５ｎｍ之间。观察到单层碳秋的原子像，其表明为石墨网络的六角结构。纳米碳管的原子像及单极碳管表面均未发现明显缺陷存在，这可能是它具有很高强度质量比的主要原理之一。     

纳米碳管催化热解方法的制备及其微观结构的研究

通过乙炔气体在纳米铁颗粒上的催化热解制备了纳米碳管。利用电子显微镜对纳米碳管的形貌和结构进行了观察研究。发现纳米碳管具有分支生长的可能性，研究了纳米碳管管壁发生局部弯折的机理。     

纳米碳管的电子衍射及其螺旋度测量

本文对电弧放电和催化剂热解碳氢气法制备的多层直形纳米碳管的倒空间及其螺旋度，采用电子衍射进行了研究。结果表明：尽管制备方法不同，两类多层管的结构相似，皆由螺旋和非螺旋的单层石墨管组成；对其倒空间的分析以及系列倾转电子衍射实验证明，衍射图中测得的表观螺旋度值随和射条件而改变，只有在垂直入射条件下该值才代表碳管的真实螺旋度；     

纳米碳管及相关材料的电性能

碳管是Ｃ原子按一定的排列方式形成一封闭的结构，构成有别于金刚石和石墨的Ｃ的第三种分子形式。１９９１年日本发现了碳管的一种形式——纳米碳管。这类材料具有特殊的力学、化学、磁学、电学等性能。笔者综述纳米碳管及相关材料的电学性能及应用前景，指出这类材料近期有望在复合材料中得到应用，而运用到电子工业尚需较长的时间     

40 inch碳纳米管场发射显示屏的驱动系统研究

针对自行研制开发的国内最大的40 inch二极管型纳米碳管场发射显示屏,采用DVI数字视频接口技术,结合图像解码电路、FPGA控制电路、行列驱动电路,研究开发了二极管型纳米碳管场发射显示屏专用驱动技术,并成功实现了大屏幕动态显示.     

纳米碳管及一维纳米晶体结构研究

纳米碳管及基于纳米碳管的一维纳米晶体，由于其良好的应用前景而受到广泛重视。纳米碳管的电学特性单层纳米碳管由于其不同手性角，而显示半导体或金属电性［１—３］。本文对纳米管束进行了研究。ＪＥＭ－２０１０Ｆ及ＧａｔａｎＧＩＦ系统被用于管束的手性角测定及特征...     

纳米碳管对(Ni-P)化学复合镀的影响

讨论了采用化学复合镀技术制备纳米碳管-(Ni-P)复合镀层的工艺技术,研究了纳米碳管对(Ni-P)复合镀层耐磨性及抗腐蚀性的影响,确定了纳米碳管-(Ni-P)复合镀层的最佳工艺条件。同时还讨论了高温退火对镀层硬度的影响;并利用透射电镜观察纳米碳管的形貌,利用扫描电镜观察复合镀层的结构特点。     

纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料制备的优化设计

用正交试验法优化了纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料的制备工艺,探讨了纳米碳管表面处理时间、原料球磨时间和纳米碳管含量对复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明:最佳制备工艺参数为,表面处理时间1.0h,球磨时间8h,纳米碳管最佳质量分数为0.1%。在优化制备的纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料中,纳米碳管分散均匀,其布氏硬度为78.3HBS 2.5/62.5/30,电阻率为2.08×10–6Ω·cm,抗熔焊及抗氧化性能均得到较大提高,能够满足电接触材料综合性能的要求。     

H_2O,Ne分子填充对纳米碳管振荡器性能的影响

采用分子动力学方法,分别对管芯没有填充和填充了H2O或Ne分子的纳米碳管振荡器的振荡进行了模拟。根据计算结果,讨论了H2O或Ne分子填充对碳管振荡器振幅衰减、振荡频率等振荡性能的影响。研究表明,H2O或Ne分子的填充加速了振荡器振幅的衰减,其中,Ne填充振荡器的衰减最为严重,无填充碳管振荡器的振荡性能最好,Ne填充碳管振荡器的性能最差。     

Molecular dynamics study of bamboo-like carbon nanotube nucleation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on an empirical potential energy surface were used to study the nucleation of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs). The simulations reveal that inner walls of the bamboo structure start to nucleate at the junction between the outer nanotube wall and the catalyst particle. In agreement with experimental results, the simulations show that BCNTs nucleate at higher dissolved carbon concentrations (i.e., feedstock pressures) than those where nonbamboo-like carbon nanotubes are nucleated.     

碳纳米管高温热稳定性与结构的关系

使用分子动力学方法对单壁碳纳米管高温下的结构进行了计算机模拟。对扶手椅结构（10，10）和（20，20）的单壁碳纳米管进行了模拟，结果表明，碳纳米管开关端由于能量弛豫过程，直径比内部略大，在温度逐渐升高之后，构成纳米管的碳原子逐渐偏离晶格位置，小直径的碳纳米管在3000K温度之下结构是稳定的；直径小的碳纳米管的高温热稳定性比直径大的碳纳米管要好。     

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions in Poly(ethylene oxide)

Dispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) assisted by a lithium‐based anionic surfactant demonstrate an electrical percolation of 0.03 wt.‐% and a geometrical percolation, inferred from melt rheometry, of 0.09 wt.‐%. Both the melting temperature and the extent of crystallinity of the PEO crystals decrease with increasing SWNT loading. Raman spectroscopy of the nanocomposites indicates a down‐shift of the SWNT G‐modes and suggests that the nanotubes are subjected to tensile stress transfer from the polymer at room temperature.     

Enhancement of Modulus,Strength, and Toughness in Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐Based Composites by the Incorporation of Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐Functionalized Nanotubes

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes are prepared by in situ polymerization. Infrared absorbance studies reveal covalent bonding between polymer strands and the nanotubes. These treated nanotubes are blended with pure PMMA in solution before drop‐casting to form composite films. Increases in Young's modulus, breaking strength, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness of ×1.9, ×4.7, ×4.6, and ×13.7, respectively, are observed on the addition of less than 0.5 wt % of nanotubes. Effective reinforcement is only observed up to a nanotube content of approximately 0.1 vol %. Above this volume fraction, all mechanical parameters tend to fall off, probably due to nanotube aggregation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of composite fracture surfaces show a polymer layer coating the nanotubes after film breakage. The fact that the polymer and not the interface fails suggests that functionalization results in an extremely high polymer/nanotube interfacial shear strength.     

Mechanical Properties and Flame‐Retardant Behavior of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/High‐Density Polyethylene Coated Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

High‐density polyethylene coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c‐MWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been dispersed into an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer by mechanical kneading. The effect of c‐MWNTs on tensile properties, thermo‐oxidative degradation, and fire behavior has been studied in comparison with virgin EVA and EVA/MWNTs nanocomposites. Due to the better dispersion of the coated nanotubes, the incorporation of 3 wt % of c‐MWNTs leads to an increase of the Young's modulus, the cohesion of the combustion residues, and a decrease of the peak heat‐release rate.     

A Versatile,Molecular Engineering Approach to Simultaneously Enhanced,Multifunctional Carbon‐Nanotube– Polymer Composites

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are recognized as the ultimate carbon fibers for high‐performance, multifunctional composites. The remarkable multifunctional properties of pristine SWNTs have proven, however, difficult to harness simultaneously in polymer composites, a problem that arises largely because of the smooth surface of the carbon nanotubes (i.e., sidewalls), which is incompatible with most solvents and polymers, and leads to a poor dispersion of SWNTs in polymer matrices, and weak SWNT–polymer adhesion. Although covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes are excellent reinforcements for mechanically strong composites, they are usually less attractive fillers for multifunctional composites, because the covalent functionalization of nanotube sidewalls can considerably alter, or even destroy, the nanotubes' desirable intrinsic properties. We report for the first time that the molecular engineering of the interface between non‐covalently functionalized SWNTs and the surrounding polymer matrix is crucial for achieving the dramatic and simultaneous enhancement in mechanical and electrical properties of SWNT–polymer composites. We demonstrate that the molecularly designed interface of SWNT–matrix polymer leads to multifunctional SWNT–polymer composite films stronger than pure aluminum, but with only half the density of aluminum, while concurrently providing electroconductivity and room‐temperature solution processability.     

Engineering Carbon Nanotube Forest Superstructure for Robust Thermal Desalination Membranes

Desalination by membrane distillation (MD) using low‐grade or waste heat provides a potential route for sustainable water supply. Nonwetting, porous membranes that provide a selective pathway for water vapor over nonvolatile salt are at the core of MD desalination. Conventional water‐repelling MD membranes (i.e., hydrophobic and superhydrophobic membranes) fail to ensure long‐term desalination performance due to pore wetting and surface fouling. To address these challenges, a defect‐free carbon nanotube forest (CNTF) is engineered in situ on a porous electrospun silica fiber substrate. The engineered CNTF forms an ultrarough and porous interface structure, allowing outstanding wetting resistance against water in air and oil underwater. As a result of this antiwetting property, the composite CNTF membrane displays a stable water vapor flux and a near complete salt rejection (>99.9%) in the desalination of highly saline water containing low surface tension contaminants. The antimicrobial property of the composite CNTF membrane imparted by the unique forest‐like architecture and the oxidative effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are further demonstrated. The results exemplify an effective strategy for engineering CNT architecture to elucidate the structure–property–performance relationship of the nanocomposite membranes and to guide the design of robust thermal desalination membranes.     

原位电子束诱导沉积制备碳纳米结构

以多壁碳纳米管为基本材料,利用电子束诱导沉积的方法进行了纳米结构加工、修饰研究.电子束诱导沉积实现了二个碳纳米管端部之间的牢固焊接,实现了纳米材料间的几乎无损伤连接.原位测量表明多壁碳纳米管间的连接为欧姆接触.进一步对碳纳米管施加外电场可以使端部碳原子间的π键打开,外部碳原子经电子束诱导沉积在碳纳米管的端部,并定向生长成非晶态碳纳米线.由于碳纳米管和纳米线结合处的.键作为绝缘界面,形成了电子输运的势垒,所得到的碳纳米管-纳米线复合结构具有整流特性.利用电子显微镜进行纳米材料的结构加工、修饰,具有选择位置精确、可实时监测、对纳米材料几乎无损伤、重复性和可靠性高,以及加工尺度可人为控制的特点.     

High Performance Nanotube‐Reinforced Plastics: Understanding the Mechanism of Strength Increase

Polymer–multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films were fabricated using two types of polymer matrices, namely poly(vinyl alcohol), (PVA) and chlorinated polypropylene. In the first case, the PVA was observed to form a crystalline coating around the nanotubes, maximising interfacial stress transfer. In the second case the interface was engineered by covalently attaching chlorinated polypropylene chains to the nanotubes, again resulting in large stress transfer. Increases in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness of × 3.7, × 4.3, and × 1.7, respectively were observed for the PVA‐based materials at less than 1 wt.‐% nanotubes. Similarily for the polypropylene‐based composites, increases in Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness of × 3.1, × 3.9, and × 4.4, respectively, were observed at equivalent nanotube loading levels. In addition, a model to describe composite strength was derived. This model shows that the tensile strength increases in proportion to the thickness of the interface region. This suggests that composite strength can be optimized by maximising the thickness of the crystalline coating or the thickness of the interfacial volume partially occupied by functional groups.     

碳纳米管非对称接触结构制作及电学性能研究

实验研究了多根或单根单壁碳纳米管与非对称金属电极接触结构的制作方法。先用介电泳方法(DEP)将碳纳米管定向排列在Au电极对之间,再用电子束光刻(EBL)在碳纳米管的一端加工Al电极,获得多根碳纳米管与金铝电极的非对称接触结构。先用EBL在Au电极对一端覆盖Al电极,再用DEP排列碳纳米管,实现单根碳管与金铝电极的非对称接触结构。非对称结构器件的电学测试研究表明,器件的I-V曲线不再对称,呈现出整流特性。