碳酸二甲酯饱和蒸气压的测定

利用改进的静态仪测定了ＤＭＣ的饱和蒸气压，计算了其摩尔气化热和正常沸点，分别为３４．５８ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１和８９．７５℃，正常沸怀文献值９０℃十分接近。还利用Ａｎｔｏｉｎｅ方程对实验数据进行了回归，其常数Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ分别为７．６０５，１６４９．６３和２５９．０８，相关系数为０．９９８８。     

乙醇汽油基础油选择的分析

介绍了乙醇汽油基础组分油的选择方法。通过对各组分油的性质及调合后基础油性质适宜性的综合分析、经济性比较,指出乙醇汽油的最佳调合组成及调合比例的确定方法。     

七种有机物极微蒸气压数据的测定

建立了一套用Knudsen质量损失隙透法的极微蒸气压数据测定装置,用正十六烷作为标准物对设备进行了校验。测定了正十八烷、1-十八烯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯和芘在298～373K的极微蒸气压数据。并给出了各自的Antoine系数。     

气相色谱法测定催化裂化汽油饱和蒸气压和馏程

本文在系统研究了催化裂化汽油组成的基础上,提出了应用气相色谱法一次进样同时测定催化裂化汽油饱和蒸气压和馏程的新方法,应用多元回归分析及平滑插值的数据处理方法建立了测定饱和蒸汽压恩氏蒸馏的经验公式。验证结果表明,该方法符合GB257和GB255标准,用油量少,操作简单,快速,准确可靠,可取代常规的测定方法。     

液体饱和蒸气压的测定实验的讨论

本文介绍了我们采用传统仪器,在仪器简单且用量少、成本低的情况下,做好液体饱和蒸气压测定实验的一些经验和方法.     

四氧化二氮胶体饱和蒸气压的测试及分析

为了测定胶体四氧化二氮的饱和蒸气压,找出其在不同温度条件下的变化规律,采用静态法测试原理,自行设计建立了四氧化二氮胶体饱和蒸气压的测试装置,测得了常压下液体和胶体四氧化二氮的饱和蒸气压数据,结果表明,四氧化二氮体系成胶后比成胶前的饱和蒸气压略有降低,且温度越高其差值越大.从理论上分析了两种胶凝剂对四氧化二氮体系饱和蒸气压的影响作用,从而推导出了四氧化二氮胶体饱和蒸气压的理论计算公式,计算误差小于5%,可依据该公式对四氧化二氮胶体在不同温度条件下的饱和蒸气压进行估算.     

催化裂化装置稳定汽油饱和蒸气压的在线软测量与实时控制

采集大量的数据,利用过程辩识的方法,建立软测量的模型。同时分析对蒸气压影响较大而且具有可控性的因素,实现实时控制。     

乙醇汽油组分油的生产技术探讨

分析了添加燃料乙醇对汽油性质的影响,讨论了乙醇汽油组分油生产过程存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施,通过优化生产工艺和装置操作,生产出了满足Q／SHR010-2004要求的乙醇汽油组分油。     

环保制冷剂R1234ze(E)蒸气压方程

为了更完善地认识第四代新型制冷剂R1234ze(E)的热物理性质,并将其应用于工程实践,文中对相关文献中的有关R1234ze(E)的饱和蒸气压实验数据进行了定量分析。通过定量分析每组数据的精度,筛选得到192组数据点组成的综合数据,经过非线性拟合,获得了R1234ze(E)的4项Wagner型蒸气压专用方程。该方程适用温度区间为223—380 K。对比拟合数据与该方程,其压力绝对偏差大部分在±2 kPa,相对偏差分布于±0.3%,平均绝对偏差为0.041%。将文献数据与该方程进行对比,其压力相对偏差大部分分布在-2.5%—0.5%,绝对偏差范围为-2.5—2 kPa。因此,新方程对各组实验数据点都有很好的拟合度,可供热物理性质的计算及工程实践应用,具有良好的工程实际应用价值。     

乙醇汽油辛烷值的快速测定

车用乙醇汽油是由燃料乙醇与基础汽油以一定比例调合而成，调配时测定其辛烷值的频次较高。根据标准方法测定的辛烷值数据建立了乙醇汽油辛烷值预测模型，并对该模型进行了准确性和重现性验证。结果表明，该模型不仅可以代替标准方法，而且能显著节省分析时间和费用。     

精馏塔压力热旁路控制系统中热旁路气体流量的计算

精馏塔压力热旁路控制系统已被广泛用于石油化工装置中。热旁路气体的流量是热旁路控制系统的一个重要参数,是保证该系统正常操作的关键因素。本文介绍了两种用于计算热旁路气体流量的经验方法,即回流罐内气、液介质混合后全部变为饱和液体的方法和维持回流罐内气、液界面液膜温度恒定的方法。以某MTBE装置催化蒸馏塔热旁路控制系统为具体实例,分别计算出热旁路气体的流量并与工艺包数据作比较。结果表明用前一种方法计算的数据与工艺包数据相贴近。实际设计过程中热旁路气体流量可按塔顶气体总量的15%~25%取值。     

稳定汽油饱和蒸汽压的先进控制

针对催化裂化装置（FCCU）吸收稳定系统,稳定汽油饱和蒸汽压的先进控制进行分析。基于状态反馈预测控制,根据装置的操作运行情况,充分使用现有的测点,对稳定塔建立了用于实时控制的简化状态空间数学模型,以在线计算稳定汽油饱和蒸汽压作为被控变量,设计了稳定汽油饱和蒸汽压先进控制系统。使用实测状态变量反馈和计算换热量前馈的方法,减弱主分馏塔对稳定塔控制的影响,提高了控制系统抑制干扰能力,改善了控制系统的鲁棒性。全部控制功能在DCS层实现,在多套实际装置上实施运行表明,系统控制效果较好。     

六氟丙烯的蒸汽压

六氟丙烯的蒸汽压李昌圣冯耀声吴兆立（浙江大学化工系，杭州３１００２７）关键词蒸汽压六氟丙烯１前言六氟丙烯是氟利昂２２裂解制四氟乙烯过程中的主要副产物，而且四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯的共聚物（ＴｅｆｌｏｎＦＥＰ）和聚四氟乙烯一样是性能优良的工程塑料，具有卓越...     

Vapor Pressure of Magnesium Fluoride

The vapor pressure of MgF₂ was measured over the temperature range 1413° to 1614°K by the Knudsen effusion and torsion-effusion methods. Experimental data could be expressed by the equations log P_Knudaen= 9.147 - 20,183/T and log P_Toraion= 8.311 - 18,960/T in the temperature range of solid magnesium fluoride (1413° to 1536°K) and by the equations log P_Knudaen= 6.065 - 15,44O/T and log P_Toraion= 6.737 -16,480/T in the temperature range of liquid magnesium fluoride (1536° to 1614°K). The MgF₂ vapor was shown to be essentially monomeric. The heat of vaporization (or sublimation) at 298°K was calculated to be 88.0 ± 1.0 kcal per mole. A continuous weighing procedure was devised for use with the Knudsen effusion method. An electromagnetic torque method of measurement was developed for use with the torsion-effusion method.     

新铃兰醛饱和蒸汽压测定和关联

采用静态法,利用Rose釜测定了新铃兰醛在391.85~416.35K范围的饱和蒸汽压,并用Antoine方程lnP=A-B/(T+C)进行关联,确定了蒸汽压方程的三个参数A=10.701,B=558.048,C=-296.730。新铃兰醛饱和蒸汽压测定值与上述Antoine方程关联值吻合较好,相对误差均在1%以内。所得饱和蒸汽压方程对新铃兰醛精馏分离设计和操作具有重要意义。     

用纯组分蒸汽压方程关联汽液平衡

将经典热力学关系式与双流体模型相结合，由纯物质的蒸汽压方程关联了卤代烷烃和卤代烯烃体系的二元汽液平衡，只需要一个二元相互作用参数，其计算精度相当于或略优于二参数的Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程。     

对(艹孟)烷饱和蒸汽压的测定与关联

采用改进的Ellis平衡釜和毛细管气相色谱分析方法,测定了常压及气压为61．66～90．98kPa、温度424．89～444．31K条件下高浓度对meng烷体系的汽液平衡数据,根据稀溶液的溶剂符合Raoult定律的规则,使用EVIEWS数理统计软件推算出上述实验温度下纯对meng烷的饱和蒸汽压,然后采用最小二乘法编写VB程序回归出Antoine方程的各参数,回归相关系数达0．9989,建立了对meng烷饱和蒸汽压与温度的关联式,其计算值与实验结果的相对误差范围为0．60％～0．79％,为天然产物饱和蒸汽压的实验测定与关联提供了一种便捷的方法。     

Calculating the Vapor Pressure of Associated Acyclic Aliphatic Compounds

A model based on Prigogine's molecular–statistical theory of solutions is suggested for estimating the vapor pressure and boiling temperature of associated acyclic aliphatic compounds. To calculate the vapor pressure between 0.1 and 760 mm Hg by the equations of this model, it is sufficient to know the saturation vapor pressure and temperature at one boiling point.     

Direct Vapor Pressure Measurement of Heatset Inks

Several types of ink are used in web offset printing. However, heatset inks predominate in general commercial work. In these inks, the vehicle consists of resin dissolved in a solvent, and drying takes place mainly by evaporation. In heatset web offset printing, the printed web is passed through dryers, which raise the temperature of the web enough to cause evaporation of the solvent. leaving only the resin to bind the pigment into a film and to the paper.

Since the solvents used in the heatset inks vary in boiling range from approximately 232° C to 316° C, and the solvent selected depends on the printing conditions, it is necessary to determine the vapor pressure values of heatset inks versus web temperatures for drying calculations. The isoteniscope method is limited to only the vapor pressure measurement of liquids. It cannot be used for materials such as heatset inks. To overcome this difficulty, an apparatus was designed and con- structed by TEC Systems for directly measuring the vapor pressure versus temperature of heatset inks from approximately 21°C to 316°C. In this paper, TEC's apparatus, test procedure developed, and typical test results for pure solvents and heatset inks will be described.     

Direct Vapor Pressure Measurement of Heatset Inks

Several types of ink are used in web offset printing. However, heatset inks predominate in general commercial work. In these inks, the vehicle consists of resin dissolved in a solvent, and drying takes place mainly by evaporation. In heatset web offset printing, the printed web is passed through dryers, which raise the temperature of the web enough to cause evaporation of the solvent. leaving only the resin to bind the pigment into a film and to the paper.

Since the solvents used in the heatset inks vary in boiling range from approximately 232° C to 316° C, and the solvent selected depends on the printing conditions, it is necessary to determine the vapor pressure values of heatset inks versus web temperatures for drying calculations. The isoteniscope method is limited to only the vapor pressure measurement of liquids. It cannot be used for materials such as heatset inks. To overcome this difficulty, an apparatus was designed and con- structed by TEC Systems for directly measuring the vapor pressure versus temperature of heatset inks from approximately 21°C to 316°C. In this paper, TEC's apparatus, test procedure developed, and typical test results for pure solvents and heatset inks will be described.