SPME-GC-MS结合GC-O分析猪肉香精挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取法分别提取常压和加压制备的猪肉香精中挥发性成分,并结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术和气相色谱-嗅闻技术对萃取成分进行鉴定,结果显示：常压香精中共鉴定出46种挥发性成分,包括烃类5种（6.58%）,醛类16种（21.2%）,醇类10种（6.07%）,酯类和酸类共计9种（4.98%）,杂环及其它化合物6种（37.19%）。加压香精中共鉴定出38种挥发性成分,包括烃类3种（1.49%）,醛类14种（9.65%）,醇类6种（1.96%）,酯类、酮类和酸类共计5种（2.09%）,杂环及其它化合物10种（47.73%）。从两者中共同鉴定出的化合物有22种,包括α-蒎烯、壬醛、苯甲醛、反-2-壬烯醛、枯茗醛、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、蘑菇醇、4-萜烯醇、4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑、2-戊基呋喃、草蒿脑、茴香脑等。     

鱼香肉丝挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取鱼香肉丝中的挥发性风味成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,经过GC-MS分析,共鉴定出93种挥发性成分,包括烃类20种、醛类20种、酮类7种、酸类2种、酯类9种、醇类16种、醚类2种、酚类5种、含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物12种。其中,醛类、酯类和含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物可能对"鱼香"风味的形成有着重要的影响。     

酸枣粉中挥发性香气成分的提取与分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取法,对酸枣粉分别进行3、69、h的萃取,然后用气质联用仪对其挥发性成分进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出165种化合物,其中酸类33种、酯类24种、醛类20种、酮类19种、醇类22种、杂环类16种、烃类29种、酚类2种.含量较高(峰面积比大于1%)的化合物有月桂酸、棕榈酸、十四酸、正癸酸、顺式-11-十六烯酸、肉豆蔻油酸、辛酸、2-辛烯酸、壬酸、庚酸、乙酸、正己酸、糠醛、植酮、顺式-11-十四烯-1-醇等.通过考察和对比这些成分的香气特征,其中对酸枣粉香气起到关键作用的有酸类(乙酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸等)、酮类(1-辛烯-3-酮、1-羟基-2-丁酮、大马士酮等)、酯类(丁酸丁酯和己酸己酯)、醛类(己醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛等)、酚类(丁香酚和4-乙烯基愈创木酚)、醇类(正己醇、苄醇、α-松油醇等)及杂环化合物(糠醛、5-甲基糠醛、2-乙酰基呋喃等).     

AEDA/GC-MS分析新鲜芫荽香气成分

采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法（SAFE）结合气相色谱-质谱联机（GC-MS）,通过双柱对新鲜芫荽中的挥发性成分进行鉴定,并通过谱库检索和保留指数比对,共计从新鲜芫荽中鉴定出化合物87种,其中烃类28种,醛类20种,醇类22种,酸类4种,酯类7种,酮类3种,杂环及其他类3种。通过香气提取物稀释分析法 (AEDA) 结合气相色谱-嗅闻技术（GC-O）对新鲜芫荽进行分析,共鉴定出21种活性香气成分,其中关键香气的物质有5种 (FD≥81),分别是反-2-十二烯醛、反-2-十三烯醛、反-2-十四烯醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、反-2-癸烯醛。     

SPME-GC-MS和SDE-GC-MS分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法与气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术提取分析无锡酱排骨的挥发性风味成分。共鉴定出76种挥发性风味化合物,其中烃类6种、醛类19种、酮类7种、醇类9种、酚类4种、醚类2种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环类化合物18种。两种提取方法共同检测到的化合物有23种,包括D-柠檬烯、己醛、壬醛、糠醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、十六醛、2-庚酮、羟基丙酮、2-壬酮、芳樟醇、糠醇、邻甲氧基苯酚、苯乙醇、丁香酚、对烯丙基茴香醚、茴香脑、2-戊基呋喃、甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-乙酰基吡咯。     

不同压力下猪肉香精挥发性风味成分的差异性

为了考察不同压力下猪肉香精挥发性风味成分的差异性,采用固相微萃取法(SPME)分别萃取常压和加压热反应条件下制备的猪肉香精中挥发性风味成分,并结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)和气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O)进行鉴定。结果显示:常压制备的猪肉香精中共鉴定出45种挥发性成分,其种类及质量分数分别为:烃类5种(6.58%),醛类16种(21.20%),醇类10种(6.07%),酸类8种(3.15%),杂环及其他化合物6种(37.19%)。加压制备的猪肉香精中共鉴定出38种挥发性成分,包括烃类3种(1.49%),醛类14种(9.65%),醇类6种(1.96%),酯类、酮类和酸类共计5种(2.89%),杂环及其他化合物10种(47.73%)。两者均鉴定出的化合物有22种,包括苯甲醛、枯茗醛、蘑菇醇、4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑、茴香脑等。通过常压热反应方式制备的猪肉香精中主要挥发性风味成分较多,更接近厨房菜肴。     

新疆馕包肉挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

为了研究新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,采用固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取新疆馕包肉中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,共鉴定出69种挥发性风味成分,包括烃类15种、醛类18种、醇类9种、酮类5种、酸类4种、酯类7种、杂环及其他化合物11种。用不同的提取方法得到的结果有所不同,SDE法提取到较多的烃类(19.68%)和醛类(23.7%),SPME法提取到了较多的烃类(14.48%)和醇类(11.34%)。     

新鲜芫荽关键性香气成分的鉴定与分析

采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(SAFE),结合气相色谱-质谱联机(GC-MS),通过双柱对新鲜芫荽中的挥发性成分进行了鉴定,并通过谱库检索和保留指数比对,共计从新鲜芫荽中鉴定出化合物87种,其中烃类28种,醛类20种,醇类22种,酸类4种,酯类7种,酮类3种,杂环及其他类3种。通过芳香萃取物稀释分析法(AEDA),结合气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O)对新鲜芫荽进行了分析,共鉴定出21种活性香气成分,其中关键性香气成分有5种[香气稀释因子(FD)≥81],分别是反-2-十二烯醛、反-2-十三烯醛、反-2-十四烯醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、反-2-癸烯醛。     

HS-SPME结合GC-MS分析煎鸡蛋的挥发性风味成分

采用顶空固相微萃取与GC-MS联用方法对煎鸡蛋中挥发性成分进行提取与分析,考察萃取头、萃取温度和吸附时间对分析结果的影响,得到优化的顶空固相微萃取条件为:黑色萃取头(75μm Carboxen/PDMS),吸附温度75℃,吸附时间70 min。在优化的条件下分析,共鉴定出50种挥发性风味成分,其中,醛类16种(40.588%)、含氮化合物14种(23.639%)、醇类8种(7.156%)、烃类3种(4.800%)、酚类及杂环化合物3种(1.755%)、酮类3种(0.868%)及含硫化合物3种(0.563%)。鉴定出含量较高(相对质量分数大于2.5%)的物质有:2,5-二甲基吡嗪、3-甲基丁醛、2-甲基吡嗪、壬醛、苯甲醛、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、辛醛、2-甲基丁醛、反-2-癸烯醛、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯、1-辛烯-3-醇。     

鲜云南松露的挥发性香成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)法和同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取鲜云南松露中的挥发性风味成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,经过GC-MS分析,共鉴定出77种挥发性成分,包括烃类5种、醛类14种、酮类12种、酸类4种、酯类2种、醇酚类10种、醚类2种、含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物28种。其中醛类、醇酚类和含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物对松露的特殊风味有着重要的影响。     

Flavor components of olive oil—A review

The unique and delicate flavor of olive oil is attributed to a number of volatile components. Aldehydes, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, furans, and other compounds have been quantitated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in good-quality olive oil. The presence of flavor compounds in olive oil is closely related to its sensory quality. Hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, and 3-methylbutan-1-ol are the major volatile compounds of olive oil. Volatile flavor compounds are formed in the olive fruit through an enzymatic process. Olive cultivar, origin, maturity stage of fruit, storage conditions of fruit, and olive fruit processing influence the flavor components of olive oil and therefore its taste and aroma. The components octanal, nonala, and 2-hexenal, as well as the volatile alcohols propanol, amyl alcohols, 2-hexenol, 2-hexanol, and heptanol, characterize the olive cultivar. There are some slight changes in the flavor components in olive oil obtained from the same oil cultivar grown in different areas. The highest concentration of volatile components appears at the optimal maturity stage of fruit. During storage of olive fruit, volatile flavor components, such as aldehydes and esters, decrease. Phenolic compounds also have a significant effect on olive oil flavor. There is a good correlation between aroma and flavor of olive oil and its polyphenol content. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid influence mostly the sensory characteristics of olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is present in good-quality olive oil, while tyrosol and some phenolic acids are found in olive oil of poor quality. Various off-flavor compounds are formed by oxidation, which may be initiated in the olive fruit. Pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and nonanal are the major compounds formed in oxidized olive oil, but 2-pentenal and 2-heptenal are mainly responsible for the off-flavor.     

一种鸡肉香精的分析与制备

利用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取鸡肉香精中的挥发性成分,并结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析其挥发性成分。结果在鸡肉香精中鉴定出34种挥发性成分,主要包括醛、醇、酮、吡嗪、噻唑、呋喃等化合物。根据测定出的香气成分调配出了一款香气纯正的鸡肉香精。     

Chemical reactions involved in the catalytic hydrogenation of oils. III. Further identification of volatile by-products

Two distinct types of hydrogenation flavor may originate from catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils. One is the characteristic flavor developed during hydrogenation. After it is removed by deodorization, the second type of hydrogenation flavor may develop during the storage of the bland deodorized hydrogenated fat. The precursors of the characteristic flavor developed during catalytic hydrogenation were demonstrated as the hydroperoxides of the unsaturated fatty esters. A total of 37 compounds was chemically identified by the combination of infrared and mass spectrometry as the major components of the volatile by-products developed during catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil with nickel as catalyst. Out of the 37 compounds, 14 were hydrocarbons, eight were alcohols, one was an ester, four were aldehydes, eight were ketones, and two were lactones. The seven largest peaks of the gas chromatogram of the volatile by-products were all alcohols and hydrocarbons. It was concluded that the characteristic flavor developed during catalytic hydrogenation appears to be due to the higher members of the aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols and the lactones. This investigation was supported in whole by Public Health Service Research Grant HE-06411, from the National Heart Institute. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Houston, April 1965. Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick     

水蜜桃香精挥发成分的气相色谱/质谱分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和固相微萃取(SPME)两种方法对水蜜桃香精进行前处理,通过气相色谱/质谱法(GC-MS)检测其挥发性和半挥发性成分,且对两种方法鉴定出的主要成分作了比较。实验结果表明,两种方法从水蜜桃香精中共检出31种物质,包含有酯类11种、醇类8种、酮类5种、烯类及烷烃类3种,其中SDE鉴定出29个,SPME鉴定出20个,共同组分18个。     

顶空固相微萃取与气质联用分析光皮木瓜果实中的挥发性成分

光皮木瓜果实香气浓郁,是很好的香精制作原料。为探明其香气组成,实验以成熟光皮木瓜为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用方法,分析检测了木瓜果实中的挥发性成分。共鉴定出45种化学成分,占总质量分数的95.58%。相对质量分数较高的依次为2-己烯醛(33.12%)、4-(2,6,6-三甲基-环己-1-烯基)-2-丁醇(19.15%)、正己醛(12.91%)、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛(6.15%)、4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-2-丁酮(3.28%)。实验表明,C6化合物是构成光皮木瓜果实清香味的主要成分。     

ASE-SAFE和SDE-GC-MS分析贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分

采用加速溶剂萃取-溶剂辅助蒸发法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取贾永信腊牛肉的挥发性香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了分析研究。结果表明,共鉴定出82种挥发性香气成分,包括烃类6种、醛类20种、醇类10种、酮类11种、酚类4种、脂肪酸类16种、醚类3种、酯类1种、含硫含氮及杂环化合物11种。两种方法同时检测到的化合物有16种,包括己醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、壬醛、2-糠醇、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、(-)-4-松油烯醇、1-羟基-2-丙酮、乙偶姻、2,3-戊二酮、胡椒酮、丁香酚、桉叶油素、茴香脑和2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮。     

低盐固态发酵酱油中挥发性风味物质的分析

为促进低盐固态发酵酱油产品风味的提高与改善,运用固相微萃取-气质联用技术对低盐固态发酵酱油的挥发性风味成分进行了分析,共鉴定了55种挥发性风味成分,总相对质量分数为96.60%,其中醇类化合物为54.86%;苯酚类化合物为4.05%;酯类化合物为2.78%;醛类化合物为7.82%;酮类化合物为1.25%;酸类化合物为9.90%;胺类化合物为1.67%;杂环类化合物为4.02%;烃类化合物为10.25%。低盐固态发酵酱油的主体挥发性风味成分为醇酚类、酸类、醛酮、杂环化合物,这为提高和改进低盐固态发酵酱油的风味提供了依据。酱油风味的形成是多种化合物共同作用的复杂反应。