碳载体的碱处理对Pd/C催化剂电催化活性的影响

采用处理与未处理的活性炭分别制备Pd/C催化剂,运用循环伏安法和计时电流法来检测两种Pd/C催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性和稳定性。结果表明,用NH3.H2O处理过的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂在对甲酸的电催化氧化的活性上和稳定性上都有不同程度的提高。     

超声震荡对负载型Pd催化剂制备的作用

采用了两种方法制备了Pd/C-1-GC和Pd/C-2-GC两种催化剂。比较了在制备催化剂的不同过程采用超声震荡分散制备的催化剂Pd/C-2-GC对活性组分Pd分散的作用,发现在制备催化剂的整个过程都使用超声震荡制备的催化剂Pd/C-2-GC更有利于Pd的分散,Pd/C-2-GC催化剂对甲酸的氧化具有更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性。     

PdCo/磷钼酸/石墨烯复合膜的制备及其对甲酸氧化的电催化性能

主要介绍了不同比例Pd Co双金属的制备以及利用层层自装方法和电沉积法构建Pd Co/磷钼酸/石墨烯复合膜,之后将其作为甲酸燃料电池阳极催化剂并研究其对甲酸氧化的电催化性能。     

热活化提升Pd/C催化剂甲酸电氧化性能的研究

通过微波辅助多元醇方法以XC-72碳黑作为基体材料制备了Pd/C材料,对其进行惰性气氛下热活化处理,制备了热活化Pd/C催化剂,并对不同温度制备的Pd/C催化剂的电催化甲酸氧化反应的性能进行了探究。在电化学测试中,热活化后的Pd/C催化剂的电催化活性和长时间运行稳定性都得到了显著提升。此外,在对热活化温度优化后,发现当热活化温度达到500℃时,所制备的Pd/C-500℃催化剂的甲酸电氧化活性和稳定性达到最佳水平。分析认为,催化性能的提升来源于Pd纳米颗粒的结晶性的提高,以及更强的金属载体的相互作用。     

聚吡咯碳载PdAu催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化

通过低温氧化法制备了聚吡咯碳(PPyC),并以PPyC为载体制备了纳米Pd催化剂(Pd/PPyC)及PdAu催化剂(PdAu/PPyC),研究发现不同比例的Pd∶Au催化剂PdAu/PPyC对甲酸的甲催化活性不同。通过计算发现,催化剂的电化学比表面积催化剂中加入少量Au能够提高催化剂中活性粒子Pd的分散度,其中Pd∶Au为4∶1时电化学比表面最大,且对甲酸有最高的电催化氧化活性。     

Pd-TiO_2/C催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化

用液相还原法制备Pd-TiO2/C催化剂。用循环伏安法(CV)和线性扫描法(LSV)考察了催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性。通过计时电流曲线检测催化剂对甲酸的稳定性。结果表明Pd/TiO2/C催化剂中Pd粒子电化学比表面积增大,Pd-TiO2/C催化剂稳定,催化活性比Pd/C催化剂有较大幅度的提高。     

WO3/CNTs担载Pd催化剂对甲酸电催化氧化性能的研究

采用WO3和CNTs混合作为Pd催化剂的载体,通过微波辅助乙二醇法合成Pd-WO3/CNTs催化剂,用于直接甲酸燃料电池,研究其对甲酸电催化氧化的性能.通过循环伏安法、电化学阻抗和计时安培技术证实,在Pd/CNTs催化剂中添加适量的WO3,催化剂的活性和稳定性都有所提高.当WO3含量为载体质量的10％时,甲酸电催化氧化...     

碳载PdPt催化剂的制备及对甲酸的电催化氧化性能

采用液相还原法制备了碳载PdPt催化剂(PdPt/C),电化学测试结果表明,尽管pd/C催化剂比PdPt/C催化剂对甲酸氧化具有更高的电催化活性,但长时间稳定性实验发现,甲酸在Pd/C催化剂上的氧化电流随时间衰减得很快,而PdPt/C催化剂对甲酸的氧化表现出更好的稳定性,比在Pd/C催化剂上有更高的稳定电流.     

载体的碱处理对Pd/C催化剂电催化性能的影响

将活性炭放入质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液中进行预处理,然后将其与未处理的活性炭分别作为载体制备Pd/C催化剂。对比两种催化剂的电化学性能发现,预处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂,在甲酸电催化氧化活性和稳定性方面好于未处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂。     

碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用TiO2溶胶法,选用3种不同还原剂(甲酸、甲醛、硼氢化钠)制备了碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂。通过XRD衍射,循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA)对碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂的结构及其对甲醇的电氧化特性进行了研究。结果表明不同还原剂制备的催化剂中,TiO2的结晶度不同,Pt的粒径不同,电化学比表面不同,对甲醇的电催化氧化的催化活性也不同。其中用甲酸还原所制得的碳载Pt-TiO2催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性分别是采用甲醛或硼氢化钠方法的1.41倍和1.76倍。     

PdNi/C催化剂的制备及对甲酸的电催化氧化

采用化学还原法,在乙二醇体系中制备了碳载PdNi催化剂(PdNi/C),与相同方法制备的Pd/C催化剂比较,发现PdNi/C催化剂对甲酸氧化具有较负的峰电位和较高的峰电流,且起始氧化电位也较低。计时电流曲线测试表明,与Pd/C催化剂相比,甲酸在PdNi/C催化剂上的氧化电流密度随时间衰减得比较慢,且具有较高的稳定电流。     

Performance characterization of direct formic acid fuel cell using porous carbon-supported palladium anode catalysts

Palladium particles supported on porous carbon of 20 and 50 nm pore diameters were prepared and applied to the direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). Four different anode catalysts with Pd loading of 30 and 50 wt% were synthesized by using impregnation method and the cell performance was investigated with changing experimental variables such as anode catalyst loading, formic acid concentration, operating temperature and oxidation gas. The BET surface areas of 20 nm, 30 wt% and 20 nm, 50 wt% Pd/porous carbon anode catalysts were 135 and 90 m²/g, respectively. The electro-oxidation of formic acid was examined in terms of cell power density. Based on the same amount of palladium loading with 1.2 or 2 mg/cm², the porous carbon-supported palladium catalysts showed higher cell performance than unsupported palladium catalysts. The 20 nm, 50 wt% Pd/porous carbon anode catalyst generated the highest maximum power density of 75.8 mW/cm² at 25 °C. Also, the Pd/porous carbon anode catalyst showed less deactivation at the high formic acid concentrations. When the formic acid concentration was increased from 3 to 9 M, the maximum power density was decreased from 75.8 to 40.7 mW/cm² at 25 °C. Due to the high activity of Pd/porous carbon catalyst, the cell operating temperature has less effect on DFAFC performance.     

One-pot synthesis of PdBi/reduced graphene oxide catalyst under microwave irradiation used for formic acid electrooxidation

The Pd and PdBi nanoparticles dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide (Pd/rGO and PdBi/rGO) have been synthesized through one-pot reaction under the irradiation of microwave and the obtained composites have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their electrocatalytic activities have also been evaluated. It is found that the PdBi_0.05/rGO catalyst exhibits higher activity and better stability toward formic acid electrooxidation compared with Pd/C and Pd/rGO. The excellent electrocatalytic performance indicates that the addition of appropriate amount of Bi can greatly enhance the activity and stability of Pd catalysts for the formic acid oxidation.     

碳载PdCo合金催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化

用间歇式微波法制备了不同Pt：Co原子比的碳载PdCo合金催化剂（PdCo／C）,发现在酸性溶液中Pd：Co原子比2：1催化剂对甲酸的电氧化有良好的催化活性和稳定性。从H在电极表面的吸脱附峰计算出来的结果表明,催化剂中加入一定比例的金属Co能够增加催化剂的电化学比表面。     

Characterization and application of electrodeposited Pt, Pt/Pd, and Pd catalyst structures for direct formic acid micro fuel cells

In this work, we study the preparation, structural characterization, and electrocatalytic analysis of robust Pt and Pd-containing catalyst structures for silicon-based formic acid micro fuel cells. The catalyst structures studied were prepared and incorporated into the silicon fuel cells by a post CMOS-compatible process of electrodeposition, as opposed to the more common introduction of nanoparticle-based catalyst by ink painting. Robust, high surface area, catalyst structures consisting of pure Pt, pure Pd, and Pt/Pd = 1:1 were obtained. In addition, Pt/Pd catalyst structures were obtained via spontaneous deposition on the electrodeposited pure Pt structure. The catalyst structures were characterized electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. All Pd-containing catalyst structures facilitate formic acid oxidation at the lower potentials and deliver higher oxidation currents compared to pure Pt catalyst structures. Fuel cells of these catalyst structures show that pure Pd catalyst structures on the anode exhibit the highest peak power density, i.e. as high as 28.0 mW/cm². The MEMS compatible way of catalyst electrodeposition and integration presented here has yielded catalyst structures that are highly active towards formic acid oxidation and are sufficiently robust to be compatible with post-CMOS processing.     

聚吡咯碳催化剂载体的制备及性能

通过低温氧化法制备了聚吡咯碳(PPyC)载体,并以PPyC为载体制备了纳米Pd催化剂(Pd/PPyC)。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对载体PPyC及催化剂Pd/PPyC进行了表征,通过分析电化学比表面随循环伏安次数的变化及多电势阶跃实验结果表明,以PPyC为载体的Pd/PPyC催化剂具有比碳黑作载体制备的Pd/C催化剂更高的稳定性。     

Formic acid oxidation at spontaneously deposited palladium on polyaniline modified carbon fibre paper

Extended reaction zone anodes for formic acid oxidation have been prepared by the spontaneous deposition of Pd on polyaniline coated carbon fibre paper. The PANI supports, deposited on carbon fibre paper either galvanostatically, potentiostatically, or potentiodynamically, were characterized by electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Pd was deposited on them by spontaneous reduction of Pd(II) by the reduced form of the PANI in order to preserve the characteristics of each type of PANI layer. It was found that galvanostatically deposited PANI produced electrodes that were much more active for formic acid oxidation than PANI produced under potential control. The morphology and mean particle size of Pd was found to depend strongly on the way in which the PANI was prepared and also correlated with the resistance and capacitance of the PANI at low potentials. It is proposed that the electrochemical characteristics of the PANI play a significant role in determining the morphology, particle size, and electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of the spontaneously deposited Pd.     

活性炭改性对用于甲酸分解的Pd/活性炭催化剂的影响

采用磁力搅拌法和水浴振荡法制备应用于甲酸分解的Pd/活性炭(AC)催化剂,研究了活性炭载体改性和制备方法对催化剂分解甲酸性能的影响。采用恒温水浴振荡装置,在80℃水浴中进行甲酸催化分解反应,以甲酸的催化分解率评价催化剂催化活性。结果表明,以经过不同的酸、碱、盐溶液改性后的活性炭为载体采用不同方法制备的Pd/AC催化剂对甲酸的催化分解效果不同,以Na2CO3改性的活性炭为载体采用磁力搅拌法制备的催化剂活性最好,甲酸水溶液的分解率达85%以上,含甲酸的工业废水的分解率达70%。     

Graphene nanosheets-polypyrrole hybrid material as a highly active catalyst support for formic acid electro-oxidation

A novel electrode material based on graphene oxide (GO)-polypyrrole (PPy) composites was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 4.0 nm were loaded on the reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-PPy composites by a microwave-assisted polyol process. Microstructure analysis showed that a layer of coated PPy film with monodisperse Pd NPs is present on the RGO surface. The Pd/RGO-PPy catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability for formic acid electro-oxidation when the weight feed ratio of GO to pyrrole monomer is 2:1. The superior performance of Pd/RGO-PPy catalysts may arise from utilization of heterogeneous nucleation sites for NPs and the greatly increased electronic conductivity of the supports.