聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的合成技术

介绍了国内外聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的研究发展现状、分子结构特征以及聚羧酸类高性能减水剂的合成方法,分析了聚羧酸系高效减水剂的不同合成技术的优缺点,认为制备具有聚合活性的大单体的技术是聚羧酸系高性能减水剂需要解决的紧迫问题,提出了聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的研究方向和研究过程面临的问题及解决措施.     

聚羧酸系减水剂的构性关系及其作用机理研究

聚羧酸系减水剂作为一种高性能减水剂,目前已成为国内外研究与发展的热点。概述了近几年国内外高效减水剂的研究与发展现状,阐述了聚羧酸系高效减水剂的分子结构、性能特点及作用机理,分子主链上阴离子基团越多及聚氧乙烯长侧链越长,聚羧酸系减水剂的分散性能和流动保持性能越好。聚羧酸系减水剂主要依靠聚氧乙烯长侧链的位阻效应和羧基及磺酸基的静电斥力来分散水泥颗粒。最后,提出了减水剂在应用中存在的问题并展望了其发展趋势。     

聚羧酸混凝土减水剂的研究现状与发展趋势

聚羧酸减水剂的研发和推广是混凝土材料科学中的一个研究热点,推动混凝土材料向高强、高性能化不断发展.结合国内外资料综述了聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究现状、作用杌理、合成方法,分析了聚羧酸减水剂结构与性能的关系,总结了当前研究与应用中存在的主要问题,展望了今后的发展趋势.     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究现状和应用前景

高效减水剂的研究已成为混凝土材料科学中的一个重要分支,并推动混凝土材料向高强、高性能化不断发展,其中聚羧酸系高效减水荆是新一代绿色高效减水剂的代表.结合国内外资料综述了聚羧酸系高效减水刑的研究现状、性能特点、分散稳定机理以及今后的发展方向.指出对聚羧酸系高效减水剂的基础理论研究还有待进一步加强;开发、合成、生产多元化和不同性能的系列聚羧酸系减水荆母体、多功能的聚羧酸系减水剂衍生产品,已成为当今聚羧酸系高效减水荆发展的必然趋势.     

浅谈聚羧酸系减水剂在京沪高速铁路VI标段高性能混凝土的中应用

京沪高速铁路Ⅵ标段主要为桥梁工程,采用高性能混凝土结构,设计寿命100年。本文主要介绍了聚羧酸系减水剂在该工程中的应用,重点探讨了原材料选择、生产过程质量控制、高性能混凝土配合比设计及聚羧酸系减水剂在高性能混凝土施工中应注意问题,并指出高性能混凝土与普通混凝土的异同。     

抗泥敏感性聚羧酸减水剂的研究进展

聚羧酸减水剂因具有低掺量、高减水及绿色环保等优点备受青睐,但在实际应用中也常伴有因混凝土骨料泥含量过高而导致的相容性差、减水率低及坍落度损失大等问题,抗泥敏感性差已成为制约聚羧酸减水剂向更广层面应用的重要现实问题之一。文中从聚羧酸减水剂发展现状与面临的泥敏感性入手,阐述了聚羧酸减水剂对水泥、黏土和水泥/黏土分散体系的作用机理,在此基础上总结概括了改善和提高聚羧酸减水剂抗泥敏感性的应对措施,并对抗泥敏感性聚羧酸减水剂未来发展与应用进行了预测和展望。     

磨细石灰石粉对减水剂-水泥适应性的影响

采用化学分析、热分析、Zeta电位分析等手段研究聚羧酸和萘系减水剂在磨细石灰石粉存在下与水泥的适应性。结果表明:在磨细石灰石粉存在下,聚羧酸减水剂促进水泥水化初期钙矾石和单碳型水化硫铝酸钙的生成,降低水泥对减水剂的吸附;而萘系减水剂的吸附量大,石灰石粉加速了水泥颗粒表面的减水剂被生成的水化产物覆盖的过程,导致流动度损失加快。因此,在石灰石粉存在下,聚羧酸减水剂的适应性较萘系减水剂更佳。     

干燥温度对粉末状聚羧酸系减水剂性能的影响

以甲氧基聚乙二醇、马来酸酐、甲基丙烯磺酸钠等为原料,合成一种聚羧酸系高效减水剂,并与聚乙烯醇和超细SiO2粉体进行搅拌配制成喷雾干燥料液,在离心式喷雾干燥塔中对料液进行干燥,制备一种粉末状聚羧酸系减水剂,探讨干燥温度对粉末状聚羧酸系减水剂性能的影响。结果表明:在雾化盘转速为14 000 r/min,进料速率为80 g/min的条件下,随着干燥温度的升高,粉末状聚羧酸系减水剂的含水率下降,而滤渣率和休止角先下降后升高;干燥温度对粉末状聚羧酸结构没有很大的影响;最佳干燥温度为160～200℃。     

化学外加剂在低水泥浇注料中的作用机理与应用分析

分析了在低水泥浇注料中,由于微粉粒子在水中产生电离、吸附和晶格取代等现象导致其表面荷电形成双电层结构、微粉粒子产生絮凝的现象;阐述了化学外加剂对微粉粒子的分散作用机理,即DLVO理论和HVO理论;分别介绍了萘系(FDN)、脂肪族、氨基磺酸盐系、聚羧酸系高效减水剂的具体作用机理;分析了在低水泥浇注料中三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、密胺树脂、聚丙烯酸钠、氨基磺酸盐、聚羧酸系高效减水剂等化学外加剂的应用现状。认为聚羧酸系高效减水剂具有较好的减水效果,其生产与应用研究将越来越广泛和深入。     

萘系高效减水剂和聚羧酸高性能减水剂的比较

混凝土作为建筑工程中最常使用的材料,为我国的建筑事业作出了巨大贡献,而减水剂作为混凝土不可分割的组分,也得到了广泛的应用。聚羧酸高性能减水剂与萘系高效减水剂作为减水剂中常见的种类,对水泥净浆流动以及混凝土的各方面性能都产生着巨大作用。本文结合实际简单的介绍了萘系高效减水剂和聚羧酸高性能减水剂,简述了二者的相同性,并对它们之间存在优缺点进行了对比。     

活性掺合料对脱硫基粉刷石膏制品性能的影响

利用脱硫石膏生产建筑石膏已经成为当前解决固体排放物问题的有效途径。粉刷石膏在耐水性和力学性能等方面的弱点影响其使用范围。本文研究复合掺加不同含量的活性掺合料对石膏制品耐水性和力学性能的影响。研究表明,掺加水泥和矿渣的效果最好,其耐水性可以提高40%,力学性能提高48%。     

掺有磷渣的水泥基材料研究现状与分析

简介了磷渣的组成、结构与活性,分析了影响磷渣活性的主要影响因素;综述了磷渣作为辅助性胶凝材料对水泥基材料凝结时间、水化热、结构变化、强度、干燥收缩和耐久性等的影响,分析了磷渣在水泥基材料中应用存在的主要问题,并提出了一些改善措施和解决思路。加强磷渣在水泥基材料中的应用基础研究,对提高磷渣在水基材料中的利用率和减少环境污染有着重要意义。     

The kinetics of water loss from zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate dental cements

The water desorption behaviour of three different zinc oxide dental cements (two polycarboxylates, one phosphate) has been studied in detail. Disc-shaped specimens of each material were prepared and allowed to lose water by being subjected to a low humidity desiccating atmosphere over concentrated sulfuric acid. In all three cements, water loss was found to follow Fick’s second law for at least 6 h (until M_t/M_∞ values were around 0.5), with diffusion coefficients ranging from 6.03 × 10⁻⁸ cm² s⁻¹ (for the zinc phosphate) to 2.056 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹ (for one of the zinc polycarboxylates, Poly F Plus). Equilibration times for desorption were of the order of 8 weeks, and equilibrium water losses ranged from 7.1% for zinc phosphate to 16.9% and 17.4% for the two zinc polycarboxylates.     

建筑石膏外加剂研究进展

石膏是国际上推崇使用的绿色建材.我国是石膏资源大国,具备发展石膏建材的资源和政策优势.使用外加剂是提升石膏基材料技术经济水平,推动石膏行业科技进步的最有效途径,也是高性能石膏基材料的核心技术.本文综述了国内外建筑石膏减水剂、缓凝剂、保水剂研究的现状,并对国内石膏外加剂研究与应用中存在的问题进行了分析.     

矿物掺合料研究进展及存在的问题

矿物掺合料的应用、制备已牵涉到水泥基材料科学研究的各个方面.在现代混凝土技术中,经过一定质量控制的矿物掺合料已成为高性能混凝土不可或缺的组分之一.通过对矿物掺合料研究历史和研究现状的分析,探讨了当前研究的主要缺陷及存在的问题,并展望了下一步的研究方向.     

掺梳形减水剂水泥浆体早期水化产物形貌研究

为揭示梳形减水剂对水泥早期水化的影响规律,指导工程应用,通过SEM分析,研究了掺用3种典型结构的梳形减水剂的水泥浆体早期水化产物形貌及其电子特征数据。结果表明,梳形减水剂加速了水泥早期水化反应,且丙烯酸类、马来酸类共聚物分别促进了AFt、AFm的形成。因此,梳形减水剂品种对水泥早期水化和混凝土工程性能具有较大影响,应根据使用要求合理选用,必要时与缓凝剂、引气剂或消泡剂复合使用。     

矿物掺合料对水泥基材料耐海水侵蚀性能的影响研究

加入适当矿物掺合料是使水泥基材料达到高性能的重要手段之一。本课题从工程应用的角度出发,以磨细矿渣和磨细矿渣-粉煤灰复合掺合料为研究对象,着重研究了矿物掺合料对水泥基材料耐海水侵蚀性能的影响。     

Highly concentrated carbon nanotube admixture for nano-fiber reinforced cementitious materials

The use of effectively dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/aqueous/surfactant suspensions in cement based materials have been shown to substantially improve their mechanical properties. The produced MWCNT suspensions have a high aqueous content, which corresponds to the mixing water. In the present work, a method for preparing highly concentrated MWCNT suspensions is presented, thus reducing the volume of the resulting admixture that is required in cement based materials. A centrifugal process, that uses two different ultracentrifuge rotors, was employed to reduce the quantity of water in the suspensions. Optical absorbance spectroscopy shows that the ultracentrifugation process increases the concentration of the MWCNT suspensions by a factor of 5. Using the highly concentrated MWCNT suspensions following dilution results in nanocomposites with mechanical properties that are comparable to the performance of samples prepared using the non-concentrated suspensions. These results verify that the ultracentrifugation concentration method successfully preserves the solubility of the MWCNT suspensions without affecting the reinforcing properties of the admixture. In this manner, the ultracentrifugation concentration method may constitute an effective preparation step for large-scale implementation of MWCNT admixtures.     

A study of the combined influence of condensed silica fume and a water reducing admixture on water demand and strength of concrete

In recent years condensed silica fume has been acknowledged as one of the most effective pozzolans ever added to concrete. Properly used in adequate amounts and combined with a water reducing admixture, many important qualities of concrete are achieved or secured. The principle of dosage of water reducing admixture adopted in this combination has been to dose a quantity proportional to the amount of silicate fume. The positive effect on concrete strength from this combination of admixtures has been described as an “efficiency factor” for 1 kg silica fume between two to five when the efficiency of 1 kg cement is the unit. This study shows first that the dosing principle used until now is contradicted by experimental evidence and secondly that the water reducing admixture (lignosulfonate) used in the experimental series studied is responsible for 60% or more of the strength gain at 28 days, whereas the silica fume has to be credited for less than 40%. A more correct “efficiency factor” can then be calculated.     

Effects of chromium(VI) reducing agents in cement on corrosion of reinforcing steel

During the production of cement it is necessary to add a reducing agent that converts soluble hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium. This paper explores effects of iron(II) sulphate reducing agents, namely monosulphate and heptahydrate, as cement admixtures, on corrosion of concrete reinforcement. Accelerated corrosion tests of reinforcing steel have been performed in pore solutions simulating concrete prepared using either CEM I or CEM II type cement, with addition of various concentrations of iron(II) sulphate reducing agent. All of the test results indicate corresponding tendencies and point towards the potential for iron(II) sulphate to foster or accelerate corrosion of the reinforcement. The results of this study indicate an immediate need for a more detailed research, especially in concrete as a more realistic corrosion environment, of the application of iron(II) sulphate as a reducing agent in cement.