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采用不同的表面活性剂三乙醇胺、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对纳米二氧化钛进行表面改性处理。对不同表面活性剂处理的纳米二氧化钛采用沉降法来表征纳米粉体在水中的分散性,目的是日后用来制备更均匀的复合薄膜。研究结果表明:三乙醇胺与其他两种表面活性剂混合使用较单种表面活性剂处理后的纳米二氧化钛其分散效果会更好。分散纳米二氧化钛效果最佳的表面活性剂为三乙醇胺与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物(质量比为2∶1),表面活性剂总用量为30%(质量分数),采用搅拌和超声时间都为15 min,纳米二氧化钛的初始沉降时间为2.5 h,完全沉降时间大于120 h。 相似文献
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由于纳米颗粒在涂料中不易分散,所以解决其在涂料中的分散问题,是纳米颗粒在涂料中应用的关键。本文以提高纳米二氧化钛在氟碳涂料中的分散性为目的,从物理机械分散和表面改性两个方面,分别讨论了纳米二氧化钛在氟碳涂料中分散的影响因素。结果表明,加入731A、吐温61485;80及Tritonx61485;100分散剂,机械分散6 000 r/min、60 min,超声分散30 min等,可以提高纳米二氧化钛在氟碳涂料中的分散性能。同时,纳米二氧化钛的加入,改善了氟碳涂料耐玷污和耐洗刷性能。 相似文献
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脉冲激光轰击法连续制备纳米铜研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用脉冲激光轰击法连续制备了纳米铜及表面活性剂原位修饰的油溶性纳米铜,用UV-Vis研究了不同表面活性剂不同浓度对纳米铜/乙醇溶胶的紫外-可见光谱的影响,从而确定各表面活性剂的最佳浓度,用TEM研究了不同表面活性剂对纳米铜溶胶分散稳定性的影响,确定了最佳表面活性剂为平平加O,傅立叶红外光谱发现纳米铜/乙醇溶胶中乙醇分子基团振动波长受纳米铜颗粒的影响而出现红移现象,分散性实验表明:平平加O表面修饰纳米铜具有良好的油溶性。 相似文献
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纳米CuO的制备及其表面改性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以氯化铜和碳酸钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备纳米CuO.分析了超声振荡时间、反应物浓度和反应物配比对纳米CuO在水溶液中分散性的影响,得到制备纳米CuO的最佳反应条件.选用两种典型类型表面活性剂对纳米CuO进行表面改性, 通过沉降实验,观察了其对纳米CuO在水溶液分散体系中悬浮稳定性的影响,筛选出适宜的表面活性剂. 相似文献
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纳米TiN粉末在水溶液和无水乙醇中的分散行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过粒径和颗粒表面电性质的测定,探讨了纳米TiN粉末在水溶液和无水乙醇中的分散特性及表面活性剂对分散的影响. 实验结果表明,纳米TiN颗粒在水中分散,溶液的pH值对颗粒的分散性有很大的影响,在pH 8处,能得到最好的分散效果. 随pH值变化,颗粒表面的荷电性质从正变化为负,等电点为3.7. 其分散行为遵循双电层静电稳定机制. 纳米TiN颗粒在无水乙醇中的分散行为受pH值的影响相对较小. 在整个pH范围内,颗粒表面荷正电,颗粒表面的溶剂化作用对分散起主导作用. 表面活性剂聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚可作为纳米TiN颗粒在水溶液中分散的分散剂,聚乙二醇可作为在水溶液和无水乙醇中分散的分散剂. 相似文献
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为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。 相似文献
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Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders,
but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled
VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-2H3]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s
syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting
that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the
ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the
corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured.
A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis
and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994. 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。 相似文献
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H. Toda Y. Mochizuki T. Kawanishi H. Kawashima 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2002,63(2-3):167-173
In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO2 L–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site. 相似文献
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我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐. 相似文献