东线南水北调对临清灌区的影响及补偿对策

临清市小运河及引位济德干渠是南水北调东线一期输水工程的必经路线,承担着东线南水北调的干线输水任务,工程的实施将切断沿线分干渠的引水水源,导致分干渠失去灌溉、排水功能,对临清市的农业生产及沿线经济发展造成严重影响,本文针对南水北调东线工程对灌区造成的不利影响进行综合分析,提出了切实可行的替代工程措施,以降低东线南水北调工程对临清灌区的不利影响.     

南水北调东线背景下东平湖综合效益的发挥

结合南水北调东线一期东平湖蓄水影响处理工程的实施,对新形势下如何发挥东平湖综合效益进行了分析。结果表明:①南水北调东线工程的建设改变了东平湖单一防洪功能的状况,为东平湖防洪、供水、航运与旅游等综合利用创造了有利条件,需要转换东平湖运用方式,在防洪保安的前提下充分发挥供水、航运、旅游等综合效益;②东平湖防洪工程的建设、防洪能力的提高为发挥综合效益提供了工程基础,鉴于东平湖目前尚存在防洪标准低、围堤渗漏、泄洪河道淤积等问题,结合东平湖蓄水影响处理工程的实施,建议进一步加强防洪工程建设。     

临淮岗工程试验性蓄水效果初探

本文介绍2010年临淮岗工程试验性蓄水情况,对蓄水效果进行了初步分析,对临淮岗工程适当兼作蓄水工程的必要性和可行性进行探讨.     

西气东输对南水北调穿黄隧洞影响动力分析计算

西气东输管线距离南水北调工程穿黄河隧道的最近距离:河漫滩仅150 m,主河槽仅205 m.输气管线在运行过程中,存在着因误操作、管道腐蚀、自然灾害或人为破坏等因素引发事故发生爆炸的可能.对深泓区穿黄隧洞地下部分在天然气爆炸冲击波作用下的安全性进行动力分析计算,认为西气东输管道破裂引起的天然气爆炸,不会对南水北调输水隧洞产生破坏影响.     

水利防洪生态工程对南水北调中线总干渠影响

石家庄市区西北部水利防洪生态工程利用了南水北调中线工程左侧的泄洪渠,并在局部渠段增加了湿地公园,将泄洪渠功能由行洪改为汛期行洪、非汛期蓄水。由于该工程距总干渠很近,蓄水后导致总干渠局部渠段左坡及渠底出现衬砌板拱起、开裂、渗水等现象,为保证南水北调中线工程安全,需对该并行段采取必要的工程措施。     

南水北调中线水源工程移民安置

阐述了南水北调中线工程,论证过程,移民安置的任务、规划、实施结果及评价。经终验委员会审议,南水北调丹江口水库大坝加高工程建设征地补偿和移民安置蓄水前终验评定为合格,能够满足丹江口水库大坝加高后蓄水的要求。     

水库蓄水安全鉴定发现问题及对策探讨

蓄水安全鉴定作为水利水电工程蓄水验收的技术依据,对确保水库蓄水安全具有非常重要的意义。蓄水安全鉴定工作是基于工程现状及各参建单位提供基础资料的基础上对工程进行蓄水前的技术鉴定,必要时可补充适当的试验、检测手段,建设各方需确保自检资料的真实性、准确性、可靠性。文章以某工程在蓄水鉴定过程中发现的问题及解决方法进行阐述和探讨,可供中小型水利水电工程蓄水安全鉴定借鉴。     

浅谈挤密土桩对渠堤湿陷性黄土地基处理的施工技术

南水北调中线工程是我国继三峡工程、西气东输、西电东送之后又一特大型工程。南水北调中线一期工程总干渠渠道长,沿线地质情况变化复杂,需要进行地基基础处理的渠段长。根据不同的地质情况,设计采用不同的地基处理方法。对南水北调中线一期工程潮河段具有湿陷性黄土的渠段采用挤密土桩地基处理,确保渠坡稳定。挤密土桩对湿陷性黄土渠段的地基处理,具有处理深度大,施工简单易行和对周围既有建筑物影响小的特点。本文结合南水北调中线一期工程总干渠潮河第一施工标段的渠道工程简要介绍了挤密土桩处理黄土湿陷性的施工技术。     

南水北调东线东平湖蓄水影响处理工程对生态环境的影响分析

东平湖蓄水影响处理工程是南水北调东线一期工程的组成部分,利用东平湖现有工程发挥其综合效益.工程建设有助于缓解华北地区工业用水紧张状况,并对遏制旱情、增产增收起到一定作用,有利于改善北方地区水资源污染状况,具有积极的环境效益和经济效益.     

南四湖下级湖抬高蓄水位影响处理工程实物调查方法

南水北调东线第一期工程利用南四湖下级湖输水、蓄水,南四湖下级湖的蓄水情况会发生较大变化。蓄水量的增加和水位的抬高将对当地群众的生产、生活条件和生态环境产生多方面的影响。为使湖区群众的生产、生活不因调水而受到太大的影响,尽可能保持湖区及滨湖地区的社会稳定,做好南四湖下级湖抬高蓄水位的影响处理实物调查工作是十分必要的。综合分析南四湖下级湖湖区风浪侵袭及地下水埋深对作物生长的影响,根据《水利水电工程水库淹没处理设计规范》(DL/T5064-1996)附录A计算公式,湖区影响高度按0.5m计。南四湖下级湖蓄水位由现状32.3m抬高…     

太湖梅梁湾、贡湖套网格风生流数值模拟

对太湖梅梁湖、贡湖湖流进行套网格数值模拟。根据1998年8月太湖富营养化水质监测水文物理资料,绘制出梅梁湖、贡湖各站点位置分布图和其流速大小和方向。模拟计算与实测结果吻合较好,证明其套网格数值模型的建立是合理和有效的。分析结果表明,太湖各水域流速相差很大,近岸区域流速高于远岸区域,存在明显的近岸流。但流速值不大,即梅梁湖、贡湖和大太湖的水体交换量不大,通过流场分布可初步判断污染物质在水体中的扩散与迁移情况。     

扩大东平湖水库老湖调蓄能力的途径

东平湖水库为黄河下游重要的防洪水库,分新、老湖两部分。由于受黄河水顶托和出湖河道淤积的影响,老湖向黄河退水日益困难。本文对出湖河道按5种不同过流能力的断面分别对老湖进行调洪演算,得出扩大老湖调蓄能力的合理途径是:出湖河道须按过流能力1500m~3/s断面开挖;二级湖堤防洪水位应提高到46m。     

Microplastic pollutants in the coastal dunes of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario

Microplastic particles, often studied as aquatic pollutants, have been recovered from coastal dunes along the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie in New York and Pennsylvania. Surface and shallow sub-surface sand samples were collected from coastal dunes in 1 m² areas from 5 locations along Lake Erie: Sunset Bay, Dunkirk Harbor, Point Gratiot, and Canadaway Creek in New York and Presque Isle State Park Beach #11 in Pennsylvania. Samples were also collected from coastal dunes on Lake Ontario at Sandy Island Beach State Park, NY. Abundances, shapes, sizes, textures, and degradation of microplastics were characterized. Twenty-one of 26 samples yielded a variety of microplastics: pellets, fragments, and fibers. Larger microplastics (5.0–1.0 mm) were dominated by spheroidal and disk-shaped pellets with fewer fragments. Smaller microplastics (≤1.0 mm) were predominantly fibers and small fragments. Some microplastic particles exhibited evidence of degradation and weathering as a consequence of transport and exposure to the elements. The presence of microplastics in coastal dunes is attributable to aeolian transport from the adjacent beach.     

Economic benefits of remediating the White Lake and Muskegon Lake Areas of Concern

This study uses hedonic modeling to estimate the property value benefits of remediation in the White Lake and Muskegon Lake, MI Areas of Concern (AOC). Both sites had long histories of industrial contamination; in the case of White Lake, this included tannery waste, and in the case of Muskegon Lake, this included oil spills. Several remediation projects in White Lake led to its delisting as an AOC in 2014. In contrast, remediation in Muskegon Lake is ongoing and this study focuses on the benefits of several projects that removed contaminated sediment and debris by 2018. Spatial Difference-in-Difference (DiD) approaches are used after Euclidean distance-based matching to estimate benefits, comparing housing price differences pre- and post-remediation between homes near the AOC (the treated group) and homes further away (the control group). Results reveal that without remediation homes near the White Lake AOC lose 12.4 percent of their value, with remediation mitigating losses to 4.5 percent. This implies a 64 percent recovery of housing values which amounts to $5.3 million in total benefits. Similarly, homes near the Muskegon Lake AOC lose 10.3 percent of their value with remediation reducing losses to 3.3 percent. This implies a 68 percent recovery of housing values and $11.2 million in total benefits. These findings reveal the property value benefits that can result from remediated AOCs.     

从五里湖谈太湖水污染防治

五里湖是太湖北部的一个湖湾,20世纪90年代以来,由于大量生活、工业污水入湖,湖水被严重污染.近年来,无锡市为治理五里湖水污染投入了大量的人力、物力,采取生态清淤、生态修复等综合措施治污,取得了明显的效果.五里湖的污染实践对太湖水污染治理有一定借鉴意义.结合五里湖治污实践,对太湖治理提出了一些建议.     

洪泽湖混合流数值模拟

本文通过构造一个二维开边界数值模式，对不同风情及出入湖流量组合情况下的洪泽湖混合流流态进行模拟研究，探讨其混合流特征。     

星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程规模论证

星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程的工程任务是保护抚仙湖,有条件地逐步改善星云湖水质,合理配置和补充玉溪市红塔区水资源。首先确定了出流改道工程引水道规模,同时对星云湖和抚仙湖做两湖联合调节论述,并根据玉溪市区需水要求和东风水库的调节能力论证人工湿地规模。     

Feeding Ecology of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron

We determined diet composition, feeding strategy, prey size, and effects of prey type on food weight and energy in stomachs for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002–04. Age-0 lake whitefish (73–149 mm TL) ate mainly large-bodied cladoceran zooplankton in the summer (July–mid September). Medium lake whitefish (≤ 350 mm TL excluding age-0) generally ate softbodied macroinvertebrates, especially Chironomidae larvae and pupae, in the spring (mid May-June). Zooplankton, if eaten, were generally most important in the summer. Molluscs were generally a minor part of medium lake whitefish diets. Large lake whitefish (> 350 mm) mainly ate molluscs, particularly quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), despite geographic differences in mussel abundance. Large-bodied crustaceans (Diporeia spp., Mysis relicta, Isopoda) were a minor part of large lake whitefish diets. Lake whitefish demonstrated a flexible feeding strategy, with individual specialization on some prey and generalized feeding on others. The size of benthic prey (Diporeia spp., Chironomidae, and Dreissena spp.) eaten increased with fish size and influenced the energetic value of prey for medium and large lake whitefish. The type of prey eaten affected the food and energy intake differently for each size class of lake whitefish. Age-0 lake whitefish that ate mainly zooplankton had more food and energy in stomachs than fish eating shelled prey or other macroinvertebrates. On the other hand, food weight in stomachs did not differ across prey groups for medium fish, but energy in stomachs was lowest for fish that ate shelled prey. For large lake whitefish, there was no difference in food weight or energy in stomachs for different prey groups.     

卧龙湖水量平衡分析

强人类活动影响下缺资料平原区内陆湖泊的水量平衡研究一直是个难题。以平原区内陆湖泊卧龙湖为研究区,构建了分布式水文模型并分析水量平衡关系。模型模拟结果纳什系数大于0.75,径流相对误差均小于3%,模拟效果良好。通过对丰、平、枯、特枯等典型年的水量平衡进行分析,结果表明:在天然情况下,卧龙湖丰水年、平水年、枯水年以及特枯水年湖泊蓄变量分别为20 441.97万m3、7 911.09万m3、1 654.98万m3、687.05万m3。考虑上游截留后,丰水年湖泊蓄变量为15 424.78万m3,平水年湖泊蓄变量为1 943.47万m3,枯水年和特枯年东西马莲河出现断流情况,导致湖泊在枯水年、特枯年极度缺水。