一种端面泵浦固体激光器的泵浦耦合方法

泵浦光与振荡光之间的高效耦合是改善泵浦转换效率和输出光束质量的有效途径,也是激光技术领域的研究热点。对光纤耦合激光二极管端面泵浦Nd3+∶YAG激光器的泵浦耦合方法进行了研究,提出了一种通过CCD观察泵浦光在离轴状态下输出光的高阶模光斑分布,判断泵浦光与振荡光耦合效果,进而调整泵浦光的空间位置获得近似高斯光束的泵浦耦合方法,该方法简单实用,对调整泵浦光以改善输出光束质量有一定的参考作用。     

端面离焦泵浦薄片涡旋光激光器

研究了一种对薄片激光晶体进行端面离焦泵浦的涡旋光激光器。泵浦光经过会聚透镜聚焦，当焦点处于薄片Nd∶YAG中时，激光器输出基模。通过移动会聚透镜改变泵浦光焦点，当泵浦光焦点移出薄片Nd∶YAG时，产生1阶涡旋光，微调输出镜倾斜角度可以改变涡旋光的手性。实验产生了0.57 W的LG_0，±1模连续涡旋光以及0.48 W的LG_0,-1模脉冲涡旋光。脉冲涡旋光的重复频率为10 k Hz，脉冲宽度为35.2 ns，单脉冲能量为0.048 m J，峰值功率为1.37 k W。这种方案无需对泵浦光和谐振腔进行特殊设计，具有结构简单紧凑的优点。     

LD侧面泵浦Nd:YAG无水冷调Q脉冲激光器

研制了一种新型泵浦结构的LD侧面泵浦Nd:YAG无水冷调Q全固态脉冲激光器.通过选取合适激光晶体,用每组12个LD厘米条构成的三列阵列管,按120°均匀分布,进行侧面泵浦.在泵浦光反向冷却套侧壁镀高反射金膜,使激光棒侧向均匀泵浦,实现低阶膜输出.用柱透镜聚焦,利用光线追踪法,通过计算机数值计算,获得合理参数,达到高效耦合.用半导体制冷器冷却,使内部热量及时散出,通过外部大热沉向空间散热,实现无水冷,保证激光器恒温工作.减小了激光器体积,提高了系统效率,获得波长1.06nm、脉冲宽度10～12 ns、最大能量98 mJ的低阶膜激光输出.     

离轴抽运对模式增益和光束质量的影响

在激光二极管端面抽运固体激光器中,抽运光轴线与几何腔轴之间存在一定的偏离,使基模振荡光轴线相对几何腔轴也有一定的偏离,影响激光器性能.引入偏离因子来描述抽运光轴线的偏离量和抽运功率对振荡光偏离量的影响,对模式增益和光束质量随偏离因子的变化规律做了理论分析和模拟,并以光纤耦合半导体激光器端面抽运Nd:YAG固体激光器进行了相应实验.理论与实验结果表明:在抽运功率一定时,抽运光的偏离量越小,偏离因子越小,则低阶模模式增益越大,在模式竞争中占据优势,输出激光的光束质量越好.因此,要获得高增益和光束质量较好的低阶模输出,除保证恰当的谐振腔结构外,控制抽运光的形状和偏离量也是一个重要的手段.     

直接输出高阶横模激光器的实验研究

从理论和实验上研究了从激光器直接输出高阶拉盖尔-高斯（LG）光束和高阶厄密-高斯（HG）光束。首先从理论上研究了高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束的光强分布特性,并进行数值仿真。在实验研究中,利用445 nm的蓝光半导体激光器端面泵浦Pr:YLF晶体,在一定的条件下,能从平凹腔直接输出640 nm波长高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束。实验结果表明:从激光腔内输出的高阶LG光束和高阶HG光束与理论仿真基本一致。文中所报道的获得高阶模的实验装置简单,对产生高阶光束及其应用具有较重要价值。     

DPL泵浦光分布对激光脉冲的影响

研究了端面泵浦二极管泵浦固体激光器中泵浦光分布对输出脉冲的影响.通过对端面抽运情形下光场运动方程进行研究,改变泵浦光的半径和功率,得出了输出脉冲峰值功率和脉冲宽度的变化规律.结果表明:泵浦半径增大,输出脉冲峰值功率减小,脉宽展宽.泵浦功率越小,输出光脉宽越大.     

泵浦功率对同步泵浦激光器输出脉冲的影响

在理论和实验上研究了腔长固定情形下泵浦功率对同步泵浦激光器输出脉冲的影响。证明最佳锁模腔长与泵浦功率有关。     

单、双纵模腔式光泵远红外激光器的实验研究

实验上采用可选纵模的TEA－CO2激光器作泵浦源,用CO2－9R（16）线泵浦小型腔式NHG3远红外激光器,在单、双纵模泵浦条件下均获得波长为90．4μm的远红外谱线。对单、双纵模腔式光泵远红外激光的输出特性和工作气压作了实验比较研究,发现双纵模腔式光泵远红外激光可获得更强的远红外输出,具有较低的最佳工作气压值,并可在较宽的气压范围内工作。     

侧面泵浦薄片激光器晶体内光分布研究

侧面泵浦薄片激光器中有三个最为关键因素:热键合、泵浦光的均匀性、热沉冷却.文章从理论和实验两方面对二极管侧面泵浦的薄片激光器增益介质晶体内光分布的均匀性进行了研究.在理论上,通过建立二极管侧面泵浦薄片激光器介质内泵浦光吸收情况的数值模型,模拟计算了在Nd:YAG晶体掺杂浓度为0.6at%、七个二极管均匀泵浦条件下,不同晶体尺寸的光斑分布.从实验上,设计了测量晶体内光分布的实验,实验结果与理论结果非常相近.理论模拟结果对实验有一定的指导作用,尤其是在大功率泵浦的情况下有很好的指导意义.     

端面泵浦DPSSL中空间耦合的精密调整技术

对光纤耦合激光二极管端面泵浦Nd：YAG激光器泵浦光偏离谐振腔轴的情况进行了实验研究,提出了一种利用CCD精确调整泵浦光与振荡光空间耦合的方法。使用此方法调整泵浦光的空间位置,使其与振荡光达到最佳空间耦合,得到了椭圆率为0.98,M^2因子为1.01的近似理想高斯光束输出。该方法适用于各种激光介质的二极管端面泵浦固体激光器,提高了耦合精度,故具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.