机械合金化过程中Fe70B30粉末晶粒尺寸和微观应变的研究

用Ｘ射线和电镜研究了Ｆｅ＿（７０）Ｂ＿（３０）粉末经不同时间高能球磨后晶粒尺寸和微观应力的变化。在机械合金化过程中，粉末的Ｘ射线衍射谱的宽度随球磨时间的增加逐渐加宽，这是晶粒细化和内部微观应力共同作用的结果。Ｘ射线衍射结果表明：随着机械合金化的进行，粉末的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小，球磨初期晶粒尺寸下降较快，经１５ｈ球磨，晶粒尺寸为２５ｎｍ，机械合金化进行到一定时间后晶粒尺寸下降缓慢，８０ｈ球磨后晶粒尺寸可达５ｎｍ。在机械合金化过程中球磨所造成的微观应变不大，球磨初期粉末的内应力随球磨时间增加而增加，当粉末粒子尺寸很小时，随球磨的进行粉末中的微观应变显著下降。     

机械球磨3%C-Cu复合粉末的微观组织

为了获得具有良好微观组织的C-Cu复合粉末,以利于后续的压制、烧结和挤压等工艺,用机械球磨方法制备了3%C-Cu(质量分数)复合粉末.运用扫描电镜、背散射和X射线衍射等分析手段研究了该复合粉末的微观组织随球磨时间的演变规律.实验结果表明,随着机械球磨时间的增加,Cu颗粒由树枝状转变为层片状、块状,最后转变为近球形.球磨2 h,复合粉末中的石墨衍射峰消失.随着球磨的进行,复合粉末中Cu的微观应变逐渐增大.经3 h的机械球磨获得了晶粒尺寸约为20 nm的Cu纳米晶,说明该方法可以有效地细化晶粒组织.     

机械合金化和放电等离子烧结制备NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金

研究了球磨转速、球料比和球磨时间对NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金粉末的物相、微观形貌及粒度的影响,探讨了不同温度下放电等离子烧结制备NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金微观组织和硬度的变化规律。结果表明:在转速300 r/min和球料比10∶1条件下,球磨60 h粉末只达到部分合金化;在转速300 r/min和球磨50 h时,球料比要达到12∶1才能实现粉末完全合金化;在球料比10∶1和球磨50 h条件下,球磨转速要高于400 r/min才能获得单一BCC固溶体高熵合金。NbMoCrTiAl粉末在高能球磨中元素发生合金化的先后顺序为Al→Ti→Cr→Nb→Mo。NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金粉末在放电等离子烧结(SPS)时发生了第二相析出和溶解转变。随着烧结温度的升高(1 400～1 600℃),第二相的数量减少及其尺寸增大,导致了合金硬度的降低。     

粉末冶金制备工艺对TiC增强高铬铸铁基复合材料性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用高能球磨和真空烧结的方法制备TiC增强高铬铸铁(HCCI)基复合材料。利用SEM,DSC等方法对不同球磨时间的粉末进行分析,研究不同烧结温度对高铬铸铁基复合材料的显微组织、硬度及密度的影响,比较相同工艺下复合材料与高铬铸铁材料的耐磨性。结果表明:球磨12 h后的粉末颗粒大小趋于稳定,粉末活性提高,烧结性能改善,烧结试样中TiC均匀地分布在基体中。随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料内部晶粒逐渐长大,密度和硬度逐渐提高。在1280℃超固相线液相烧结的条件下烧结2 h后,致密度达94.17%,硬度和抗弯强度分别为49.2HRC和980 MPa。在销盘磨损实验中复合材料的耐磨性为单一高铬铸铁材料的1.52倍,磨损机制为磨粒磨损+轻微氧化磨损。     

冷喷涂制备cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷涂层EI北大核心

采用机械合金化制备40vol%cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷复合结构粉末,采用冷喷涂制备了40%cBN-NiCrAl(体积分数)金属陶瓷复合结构涂层。研究了机械合金化过程对粉末的相组成、晶粒尺寸以及显微组织的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分别表征不同球磨时间下粉末以及冷喷涂涂层的显微组织和相结构。采用Scherrer公式估算不同球磨时间下粉末以及冷喷涂涂层中合金基体相的晶粒尺寸。结果表明,40vol%cBN-NiCrAl金属陶瓷粉末球磨40h后,基体的平均晶粒尺寸达到~50nm;复合结构涂层组织致密,硬质颗粒在合金基体中分布均匀。喷涂过程中,粉末相结构未发生变化,晶粒尺寸也未发生明显的长大。测试表明涂层的显微硬度约为1170HV0.3。     

球磨时间对MA-SPS法制备FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金微观结构、硬度和断裂韧性的影响

采用机械合金化(MA)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)相结合的方法制备FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金。研究球磨时间(1、5、10、20、30和40 h)对合金相成分、微观结构、硬度和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明：高能球磨过程中各金属元素的合金化顺序为Al→Co→Ni→Fe→Cr;混合粉末球磨20 h后基本形成了单一的BCC固溶体相,其颗粒尺寸约为20μm。对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行SPS烧结,获得的FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金主要由无序BCC+B2(Al-Ni)固溶体相和硼化物相(Fe₂B等)组成。随着球磨时间的延长,合金中硼化物相含量先减少后增加并主要以网状形式分布,BCC相含量则与之相反;合金硬度随球磨时间的延长逐渐提高,主要是因为合金元素间固溶程度越来越高,硼化物相逐渐增多;但硼化物形成的网状结构会破坏基体的连续性,导致合金断裂韧性逐渐降低。当球磨时间为20 h时,获得的FeCoCrAlNiB高熵合金的维氏硬度(HV)为(10.9±0.2) GPa,断裂韧性(K_IC)为(4.4±0.2) MPa·m^1/2,表现出最优的综...     

球磨时间对镍基ODS合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了球磨时间对Y2O3氧化物弥散强化(ODS)镍基高温合金机械合金化和拉伸性能的影响.镍基高温合金采用机械合金化和热压烧结方法制备.镍基ODS高温合金粉末是在行星式球磨机上进行球磨.采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析了球磨时间对镍基ODS合金粉末形貌和物相的影响.研究结果表明,Y2O3氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金机械合金化粉末尺寸随研磨时间的增加先增大后减小,8h粉末颗粒尺寸达到最大,之后粉末颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,28h后,镍基ODS合金粉末尺寸稳定且均匀.拉伸结果表明,采用研磨28h的合金粉末制备的镍基ODS合金具有最高的抗拉强度(1300MPa).     

机械球磨-热压法制备Bio.5Sb1.5Te3热电材料

用机械球磨-热压法制备了Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3热电材料,分别研究了机械球磨时间对合成Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金相的影响和烧结温度对其热电性能的影响.结果表明Bi、Sb、、Te原始混合粉末高能球磨10 h以后,就可以完全合金化,生成Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3相.球磨10h的粉末分别在400、450和520℃下热压烧结成型,烧结样品的密度随烧结温度的增大而增加,Seebeck系数和电阻率随烧结温度的升高而降低     

多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金的制备及磁学特性研究

首先采用球磨法制备了不同粒度的Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金粉末,然后通过3D打印技术成功制备了泡沫结构的多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金。利用SEM、DSC和XRD等研究了合金的微观组织特征、物相结构、相变特性和相关的磁性行为。结果表明,球磨后经过分筛得到的不同粒径尺寸的合金粉末均为不规则形状。Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金粉末在室温下为非调制四方马氏体结构,其特征峰十分明显。Ni-Mn-Ga-Co合金的DSC曲线上出现宽峰相变,添加Co元素对马氏体转变温度开始值(Ms)基本没有影响,但其居里温度(Tc)有显著的提高。采用粒径为50~100μm的合金粉末烧结制备的磁性合金,饱和磁化强度最大可达68 Am^2/kg。合金粉末粒径越小,烧结制备的多孔Ni-Mn-Ga-Co磁性形状记忆合金致密度越高。当合金粉末粒径<50μm时,致密度可达90%;当合金粉末粒径为50~100μm时,致密度仅为75%。相较于粒径较小的合金粉末,粒径较大的合金粉末制备的磁性合金磁感生应变能力更高,这是由于泡沫结构能够有效减少内部和外部的约束,从而有利于提高磁场诱导应变。     

球磨对ZnO的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响

通过机械球磨对ZnO粉末进行处理. 采用XRD、SEM对不同球磨时间的ZnO粉末的相结构和形貌进行表征, 用恒电流充放电实验研究其在锌镍电池体系中的放电特性和循环稳定性, 并结合循环伏安法探讨其充放电机理. 实验结果表明, 球磨过程中位错的形成和运动导致晶粒尺寸的减小和晶格应变值的增大, 晶粒尺寸由135.6 nm减小至17.9 nm, 晶格应变值相应地从0.06%增加到0.57%. 球磨处理提高了ZnO粉末的电化学反应活性, 因而其放电容量逐渐增加. 当球磨时间达到100 h时, ZnO的放电容量达到300.6 mAh/g, 比未球磨的高50 mAh/g.     

机械合金化制备SbSn金属间化合物的研究

用机械合金化法制备SbSn金属间化合物.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜和DSC差热分析方法对Sb、Sn混合粉末经不同工艺条件合成的产物进行了分析.结果表明:机械合金化法可合成Sb-Sn金属间化合物;随着机械合金化持续进行,合金化的粉末和晶粒不断细化,晶粒内部产生很大的晶格畸变,并且球磨产生的密度和缺陷使原子扩散加快.     

The effect of production parameters on microstructure and wear resistance of powder metallurgy Al–Al2O3 composite

Aluminum matrix composite is one of the most conventional types of metal matrix composites. This paper deals with the effect of production parameters on wear resistance of Al–Al₂O₃ composites. Alumina powder with a particle size of 12, 3 and 48 μ and pure aluminum powder with particle size of 30 μ were used. The amount of added alumina powder was up to 20%. Ball milling was utilized to blend the powders. The range of sintering temperature and time were 500, 550 and 600 °C and 30, 45, 60 and 90 min respectively. It was found that increasing sintering temperature results in increasing density, hardness and wear resistance and homogenization of the microstructure. However at certain sintering temperatures and time, considerable grain growth and reduction of hardness value occurred, leading to the degradation of wear resistance. The results showed that at high alumina content, relative density of the composite increases. However, after raising the particle size of alumina, relative density initially increases and then drops to lower values. Increasing weight percent of alumina powder leads to higher hardness and consequently improves the wear resistance of Al–Al₂O₃ composite. The use of fine alumina particles has a similar effect on hardness and the wear resistance. Finally, a finer grain size was observed, at high amount and low size of the reinforcement particle.     

Powder Metallurgical Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Porous NiTi Shape-Memory Alloy

Production of NiTi alloy from elemental powders was conducted by mechanical alloying (MA) and sintering of the raw materials. Effects of milling time and milling speed (RPM) on crystallite size, lattice strain, and XRD peak intensities were investigated by X-ray analysis of the alloy. Powder compaction and sintering time and temperature effects on pore percentage of the as-mixed and the mechanically alloyed samples were empirically evaluated. The crystallite size of the mechanically alloyed Ni₅₀Ti₅₀ samples decreased with MA duration and with the milling speed. Depending on the crystal structure of the raw materials, the lattice strain increases with the milling duration. Metallographic studies proved the existence of martensitic B19' after sintering of both the as-mixed and the mechanically alloyed samples. Its amount was, however, greater for the former. Sintering lowered the porosity of the samples; no matter what powder (as-mixed or mechanically alloyed) was used. The porosity was greater, however, for the MA powders. This difference seemed to be due to the sharper liquid phase sintering effect of the as-mixed samples.     

Effects of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC prepared using powders recovered from kerf loss sludge

The effects of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered SiC prepared using the SiC powder recovered from the kerf loss sludge were investigated. The recovered SiC powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional sintering methods. The effects of sintering temperature, time and methods (SPS and conventional sintering) on the phase, grain size and density of SiC were systematically studied. The Vickers hardness of spark plasma-sintered (SPSed) samples was higher than that of conventional sintered samples due to small grain size. When holding time was increased from 10 to 30 min, the grain size and relative density of SPSed samples were also increased, which lead to the almost constant Vickers hardness by competing effects of grain size and relative density. When holding time was over 30 min, no appreciable change of the relative density and grain size were observed, which can lead to similar values of Vickers hardness. SPS process can be used to make SiC with high density and hardness at relatively low temperature compared with the conventional sintering process.     

纳米TiO2粉晶的XRD研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了纳米ＴｉＯ２粉晶,对不同温度自理的系列粉末用Ｘ射线衍射进行了研究,发现所得粉晶随热处理温度的不同发生了从锐钛矿到金红石相的转变。对系列粉晶进行了Ｘ射线衍射点阵参量计算,结合所得的晶粒度和微结构参数,发现纳米ＴｉＯ２粉晶组元中存在着晶格畸变。     

高能球磨对Mg-Zn-Zr合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

在氩气条件下以400r/min高能球磨镁合金粉末,并将球磨后的粉末经过冷压—热压烧结—热挤压成型。研究了不同球磨时间的粉末以及挤压态样品的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,粉末颗粒尺寸可以细化到8μm,晶粒尺寸有效细化到34nm,在整个球磨过程中粉末有一定程度的氧化,并伴随有MgO纳米颗粒产生。粉末经过热压烧结—热挤压成型后,材料内部有MgZn2相颗粒析出,且均匀分布于Mg基体中。随着粉末颗粒的细化,材料性能得到改善,当球磨至10h时,粉末挤压态样品的极限拉伸强度为365 MPa,压缩屈服强度高达325 MPa,极限压缩强度保持在466 MPa。球磨至25h,颗粒平均尺寸细化至8μm左右,使得颗粒表面能大幅度增大,颗粒表面的氧化膜增厚,在热压烧结过程中阻碍了颗粒之间的结合,进而使得材料的力学性能恶化。     

Nanostructure in a Ti alloy processed using a cryomilling technique

A nanocrystalline Ti alloy with a uniform distribution of grains was synthesized using cryogenic mechanical milling. The effects of cryomilling parameters, such as milling time and ball to powder ratio (BPR), on the particle size, grain size, chemistry, and structure of cryomilled Ti powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results show that nanocrystalline Ti powders with a grain size of about 20 nm can be prepared using the cryomilling technique. Compared to SPEX milling at room temperature, cryomilling led to lower contamination levels of oxygen, nitrogen, and iron in the cryomilled Ti powder. The average particle size initially increased from the original 55 μm to a maximum value of 125 μm after 2 h of milling, and then decreased to 44 μm after 8 h of milling. Both the average particle size and the grain size decreased as the BPR increased.     

Influence of particle size of the dispersoid on compressibility and sinterability of TiO2 dispersed Al 7075 alloy composites prepared by mechanical milling

Particulate TiO₂ (with varying particle size produced by mechanical milling) dispersed AA7075 composites are synthesised by short duration milling (10 min) followed by room temperature unidirectional compaction (with varying pressure) and sintering. Apparent and relative density of the alloy powder and composites are measured. The effect of reinforcement particle size on the compressibility behaviour of the composites is demonstrated. Mechanically milled (for 25 h) alloy powder shows lower relative density than coarse alloy powder. In addition, compressibility of the alloy composites decreases with decreasing particle size of the reinforcement. In contrast, the sinterability of the composites increases with decreasing dispersoid’s size due to easy filling up of finer pores and particle induced precipitation.