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纳米纤维素由于其生物可降解性、低密度、高机械性能和可再生性而受到广泛关注。本文主要介绍了由木材或农业/林业剩余物生产的纳米纤维素的分类及制备方法,包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的无机酸水解法和酶水解法以及有机酸水解法、固体酸水解法、离子液体法、低共熔溶剂法和美国高附加值制浆法(American value added pulping,AVAP)等新型制备方法,同时介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤丝常用的预处理法和后续机械处理法,其中预处理法主要包括氧化、酶、有机酸、高碘酸盐氧化、低共熔溶剂、离子液体和溶剂辅助等多种预处理手段。最后分析了纳米纤维素的制备方法中亟待解决的问题,并展望了纳米纤维素的广阔应用前景。 相似文献
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以棉溶解浆为原料,使用裂解性多糖单加氧酶(LPMO)预水解结合硫酸水解制备纤维素纳米晶体(CNC),对LPMO预水解前后纤维的微观形态和制得的CNC进行了粒径、结晶度和微观形态等表征,并与仅硫酸水解制备的CNC进行对比。研究发现,采用质量分数60%硫酸水解时,经LPMO预水解得到的CNC比仅硫酸水解制备的CNC平均粒径减少22 nm,结晶度提高8.8个百分点,得率提高19.3个百分点。在LPMO预水解后,随着硫酸质量分数降低,CNC的得率和羧基与磺酸基总量减少,粒径上升,而结晶度无明显正比关系。从LPMO作用整体效果来看,预水解结合50%硫酸得到的CNC与对照组相比粒径增加9 nm,羧基和磺酸基总量略小,而结晶度提高6.4个百分点,得率提高18.4个百分点,其原子力显微镜(AFM)表征显示已达到纳米水平。故通过LPMO预水解结合50%硫酸即可制得CNC,这可降低对工业生产上设备耐酸能力的要求。但LPMO反应周期长,因此在实际工业应用中有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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近年来,资源与环境问题越来越受到人们的关注。开发利用可再生资源以替代煤、石油等化石资源成为必然的趋势。天然纤维是自然界中分布最广的可再生的生物高分子物质。由其制备得到的纳米纤维素是一种绿色、环境友好的纳米材料,具有一些独特的性能,如可再生、可生物降解及良好的机械性能等。纳米纤维素的制备研究对新型材料的发展具有重要的意义。本文介绍纳米纤维素的制备方法及研究进展。 相似文献
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以漂白混合竹浆板为原料,采用碱预处理竹浆后,再采用磁力搅拌辅助硫酸水解并结合超声波的方法制备纳米纤维素晶体(NCC),竹浆∶硫酸为1∶31 (固液比),探讨硫酸浓度、硫酸水解时间和反应温度对竹浆NCC制备的影响;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重分析仪(TGA)对制得的竹浆NCC进行表征。结果表明,磁力搅拌辅助硫酸水解并结合超声波方法制备竹浆NCC的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸浓度65%、反应温度45℃、处理时间45 min,该条件下制得的竹浆NCC粒径小且分布均匀,其结晶结构具有从纤维素Ⅱ型转变成纤维素IVⅡ型的趋势;与竹浆纤维素相比,竹浆NCC吸水能力增强,可及度增加,热稳定性提高。 相似文献
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采用乙二胺四乙酸二酐(EDTAD)酯化法制备表面羧基含量及羟基取代度可控的多羧基化纤维素纳米晶(ECNC),并通过改变酯化条件,优化实验结果;通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电导滴定、X射线衍射(XRD)、元素分析、Zeta电位等对ECNC进行分析。结果表明,ECNC保持了CNC的形貌和结晶结构完整性,并且在水和磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液中的分散性较CNC显著提高;同时,通过改变酯化反应条件可控制ECNC表面羧基含量及羟基取代度。该ECNC颗粒有望用于高性能复合纳米材料的制备及功能化纳米复合颗粒的制备中。 相似文献
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为了提高甘薯加工副产品的高值化利用,以甘薯渣纤维素为原料,应用超声波辅助酸法制备纳米薯渣纤维素。通过对超声波功率、酸体积分数、酸解温度和酸解时间4个影响因素进行单因素及正交试验,获得了纳米薯渣纤维素的最佳制备条件,并通过透射电镜和X-射线衍射对其进行进一步的分析。结果表明:纳米薯渣纤维素制备的最佳工艺参数为超声波功率120 W、酸体积分数65%、酸解温度55℃、酸解时间120 min,此条件下纳米薯渣纤维素的产率为42.85%;纳米薯渣纤维素的形态表现为不规则球状,粒径在20~40 nm范围内,并且其仍具有纤维素的晶型,结晶度有明显的提高。 相似文献
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分别以未经任何预处理棉浆、PFI磨磨浆预处理棉浆、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)预处理棉浆和质量分数为4%NaOH预处理棉浆为原料,采用酸水解法制备纤维素钠晶(Cellulose Nanocrystal,CNC),并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)及热重分析(TG)等方法对CNC的性能进行表征和分析。SEM分析表明,前3种方法制备的CNC为棒状粒子,长度为200~400 nm、直径为几十纳米;但NaOH预处理制备的CNC为直径在100 nm左右的球状粒子,且有明显的絮聚现象。XRD分析表明,CNC和棉浆属同一晶型,但CNC结晶度提高。FTIR分析表明,采用以上4种方法制备的CNC和棉浆具有相同官能团。TG分析表明,制备的CNC热稳定性低于棉浆,这一点在采用NaOH预处理制备的CNC上表现更明显,且该方法制备的CNC在600℃时,残留率最大(约40%),具体原因还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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以纳米微晶纤维素(CNC)为载体,采用反溶剂重结晶法制备了CNC/槲皮素纳米复合物;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对CNC/槲皮素纳米复合物进行表征,并对纳米复合物中槲皮素的溶出性能、抗氧化活性(羟基自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基的清除率)和抗癌性能(HepG2肝癌细胞,MTT比色法)进行研究。结果表明,形成CNC/槲皮素纳米复合物后,槲皮素被充分纳米化和稳定分散,由结晶态转变为无定形态;槲皮素的溶出性能得到显著提升,溶解120 min时,槲皮素的溶出度达到92. 6%(槲皮素原料溶解120 min时的溶出度仅为4. 7%);体外抗氧化活性和HepG2细胞毒性研究表明,形成CNC/槲皮素纳米复合物后,槲皮素的羟基自由基和DPPH自由基清除率得到显著提高,抗癌效果得到明显改善。 相似文献
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本研究以旧报纸为原料,采用硫酸水解法制备了含木质素纤维素纳米晶体(LCNC),随后利用超声辅助球磨法将酸解沉淀的木质纤维素固体残渣(LCSR)解纤成含木质素纤维素纳米纤丝(LCNF),实现了LCNC和LCNF的综合制备,综合产率高达85%以上。采用多种手段对LCNC和LCNF样品的结构特性进行分析表征。结果表明,LCNC呈棒状晶体结构,LCNF呈长丝状结构,木质素以球状颗粒存在于LCNC和LCNF中。LCNC平均长度和宽度分别为143.6和24.8 nm,LCNF的平均直径为16.2 nm。X射线衍射仪(XRD)结果显示LCNC和LCNF均保留纤维素I型结构,且木质素含量越高,其结晶度越低。同时,木质素本身的高疏水性和热稳定性使得木质素含量大的LCNC和LCNF具有更好的疏水性和热稳定性。 相似文献
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Paper products such as corrugated paperboards are the most common green packaging materials, which are renewable, sustainable, recyclable and biodegradable. However, the plastic or metal straps used to secure the carton boxes are not so green. At the end of packaging, the carton boxes can be recycled, but the plastic/metal straps have to be sorted out for disposal separately. This review focuses on: 1) the global trend of green packaging; 2) conventional plastic/metal strapping materials for carton boxes; 3) conventional market pulp baling with steel wire as the tying materials; 4) cellulose fiber-based materials for strapping market pulp bales and carton boxes. New generation of cellulose paper straps are being developed for more challenging applications with superior strength properties and repulpability. 相似文献
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T. Senthil Muthu Kumar M. Jawaid A. Varada Rajulu J.T. Winowlin Jappes 《Journal of Natural Fibers》2018,15(1):11-20
Using biopolymer cellulose as the matrix and tamarind nut powder (TNP) obtained from agricultural waste of tamarind nuts as the filler, the green composites were made. Cellulose was dissolved in environmental friendly solvent of aq. 8 wt. % Lithium hydroxide and 15 wt. % urea which was precooled to ?12 ° C. To the cellulose solutions, TNP was added in 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of cellulose separately. Each solution was evenly spread on glass plates and the wet composites were prepared by regeneration method using ethyl alcohol coagulation bath. The wet films were dried in air at room temperature. The dried composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and also tested for their tensile properties. The tensile strength and the % elongation at break of the composites were higher than those of the matrix and increased with TNP content. While the matrix had a tensile strength of 111.8 MPa, the cellulose/TNP composite loaded with 25 wt.% TNP possessed a tensile strength of 125.4 MPa (12% increase). Though the thermal stability of the composites was lower than cellulose matrix, all the composites were stable up to a temperature of 350 °C. 相似文献
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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can self-assemble in suspension to form chiral cholesteric structure of liquid crystal with unique birefringence phenomena, and the structural parameters strongly depend upon the aspect ratio, surface structure, and physicochemical properties of CNC, along with suspension media. Many attempts have been carried out to keep this cholesteric structure in solid state via removing solvent, such as slower solvent-evaporation, rapid vacuum-filtration, and spin-casting under centrifugal force. The solid-state iridescence of the cholesteric CNC arrays has been used as structural color, and showed a great potential for the coding and securing of optical information. Moreover, to promote practical applications of such structural iridescence, the cholesteric CNC arrays have been embedded into many kinds of substrates via in-situ reaction of monomers or physical blending with polymers. However, this kind of structural iridescences may lead to misreading information. The uniaxial-orientation assembly of CNC has thus been proposed via regulating external force fields of CNC self-assembly, and successfully achieved nanoparticle assembly-induced solid-state monochrome emission based on enhanced inelastic collision theory of CNC dipoles and photons. This method can eliminate the chiral arrangement of CNC and the corresponding iridescence, and the structural monochromaticity can contribute to enhancing the accuracy of optical information. Overall, the CNC can be controllably assembled as the ordered arrays in solid state and presented structural color, and support optical anti-counterfeiting strategies different from the fluorescent technologies. 相似文献