肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌菌体和gDNA标准物质的研制

目的：为满足肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌准确检测的实验室质量控制和能力验证需求，研制具有我国自主知识产权且具有全基因组测序信息的均匀稳定的肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌菌体及gDNA标准物质。方法：利用二代高通量测序技术对肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌（CMCC 44841）进行全基因组测序，明确CMCC 44841的种属、血清分型、多位点序列分型和毒力基因。对CMCC 44841进行astA、aggR、pic特征性基因聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）确认。采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为103 CFU/样品的菌球和含量为20 ng/样品的gDNA小球。参照CNAS-GL017对20 个菌球样品进行均匀性检验，采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。将样品分别于－20、4、25 ℃和37 ℃条件下保藏，对其贮藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织3 家实验室进行协同标定和验证。使用5 种不同基质的即食食品样本，按照国标法检验标准物质的适用性。结果：利用生物信息学分析，CMCC44841基因组大小为5.057 285 Mb，GC含量为50.6%，编码区基因5 173 个。种属鉴定结果为大肠埃希氏菌（Escherichia coli），血清预测结果为O127:H21，MLST为ST40型，携带除aggR、astA、pic之外其他相关的毒力基因。PCR扩增出astA、aggR、pic片段大小分别为102、400 bp和1 111 bp。菌体标准物质均匀性检验结果F=1.59，符合标准物质的要求。菌体和gDNA标准物质样品于－20 ℃和4 ℃保藏60 d，25 ℃保藏7 d，37 ℃保藏5 d后仍然稳定。经3 家实验室协同标定，菌体标准物质样品含量均为103 CFU/样品。20 件不同基质的食品样品加入肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌标准物质进行检验，均可以检出。结论：本研究所制备的肠道集聚性大肠埃希氏菌菌体及gDNA标准物质所用菌株来源于我国国内分离菌株，且具有明确的全基因组序列信息，均匀性和稳定性均符合要求，适用性良好，能够满足食品检测实验室的质量控制和能力验证的需求。     

食品检测用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌标准物质的研制

目的 研制均匀稳定的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌标准物质。方法 采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为1.5-2.0×103 CFU /样品的菌球, 参照CNAS—GL29: 2010《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》, 随机抽取22件样品进行均匀性检验, 采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析, 将样品分别于-20、4、25、37 ℃条件下保藏, 对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价, 并组织3家实验室进行协同标定, 再使用45件食品作为基质, 按照国标法检验鼠伤寒沙门氏菌标准物质的适用性。结果 对22件标准物质的均匀性检测结果进行单因素方差分析, F=1.986, 符合标准物质的要求。标准物质在?20 ℃保藏28 d, 复苏率为103.1%; 在4 ℃保藏28 d, 复苏率为102.0%; 在25 ℃保藏14 d或者37℃保藏7 d, 样品中菌含量仍保持在103 CFU/样品的水平, 说明样品的短期储藏稳定性、长期储藏稳定性和运输稳定性都符合要求。经3家实验室协同标定, 样品活菌含量均在103 CFU/样品水平, 生化鉴定结果均符合沙门氏菌的特征; 标准物质加入到45种食品基质中, 均可以检出沙门氏菌。结论 本研究所制备的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌标准物质的均匀性、储藏稳定性和运输稳定性均符合要求, 适用性良好, 可用于食品检测实验室的质量控制和食品中沙门氏菌检测结果的评价。     

食品检测用单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌标准物质的研制

目的建立食品检测用单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌标准物质的制备方法,研制均匀稳定的标准物质。方法利用冷冻干燥法制备103 CFU/样品的标准物质,参照CNAS-GL 29《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》,抽取20件样品,利用平板计数法测定标准物质的均匀性,并对结果进行统计分析;将样品分别置于-20、25、37℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织5家实验室进行协同标定,使用30种即食熟肉制品作为基质,并按照国标法检验标物物质的适用性。结果采用单因素方差分析进行均匀性检验, F=0.922,符合标准物质的要求。标准物质在-20℃保藏28 d, 25、37℃保藏7 d,样品仍然稳定。经5家实验室协同标定,样品含量均在103 CFU/样品的水平;标准物质加入到30种即食熟肉制品中,均可以检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。结论本研究所制备的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌标准物质的均匀性、储藏稳定性和运输稳定性均符合要求,适用性良好,可用于食品检测实验室的质量控制和食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检测结果的评价。     

食品检测用产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌标准物质的制备及评价

目的 制备并评价产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌（ETEC）标准物质。方法 分别用基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI-TOF MS）、生化、16 s RNA基因序列测定三种方法确认菌株种属。采用冷冻干燥技术制备600个ETEC标准样品（103CFU/样品）;从中随机抽取20个进行均匀性检验;模拟25℃和37℃的运输温度测试样品的运输稳定性,同时在4℃和-20℃的条件下进行保藏稳定性检验。组织3家实验室对样品进行协同验证。最后选择20件食品基质来验证样品的使用效果。结果 生化、MALDI-TOF MS、16 s RNA基因序列鉴定CMCC(B)43208为大肠埃希氏菌,lt、stp、sth基因确认其为ETEC。均匀性检验中,单因素方差分析得F=1.48,小于FINV(0.05,19,20)。稳定性检验中,在25℃和37℃保藏7 d后结果为103CFU/样品,在-20℃保藏60 d和4℃保存28 d后结果为103CFU/样品。协同标定实验中,3家实验室检测样品中菌株均为ETEC(103CFU/标准样品)。使用效果评价中,ETEC标准样品加入20种食品基质后均可检出,而本底对照均未检出。结论 本实验制备的...     

食品检测用肠道侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌标准物质的研制

目的 为满足肠道侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌(enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, EIEC)准确检测的实验室质量控制和能力验证需求,研制具有我国自主知识产权、稳定性良好且具有清晰基因组信息背景的即用型EIEC标准物质。方法 利用二代高通量测序技术对EIEC(CMCC 44840)进行全基因组测序,明确CMCC 44840的种属、血清型、多位点序列分型(MLST)和毒力基因;采用冷冻干燥技术制备活菌含量为10³ CFU的EIEC冻干样品;参照CNAS-GL017-2018进行均匀性检验,并采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析;将样品分别于-20 ℃、4 ℃、25 ℃和37 ℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输性进行评价;利用5种食品基质样本进行标准物质的使用效果验证,同时组织3家实验室进行协同标定。结果 CMCC 44840基因组大小为4.96 Mb,GC含量为50.7%,编码基因5 424个,种属鉴定结果为大肠埃希氏菌,(Escherichia coli)血清预测结果为O28ac:H7,MLST为ST311型,携带ipaH、virB、virF等毒力基因;制备的EIEC冻干样品均匀性检验结果F=1.79,符合标准物质均匀性要求;冻干样品在25 ℃和4 ℃下保藏7 d,-20 ℃和4 ℃下保藏60 d,菌含量均保持在10³CFU水平,在37 ℃下第3 d菌含量出现下降,低于10³CFU水平;添加EIEC冻干样品的20件不同食品基质样品经增菌后均检出EIEC;3家协同标定实验室测定EIEC冻干样品菌含量均为10³ CFU,且实验室间无显著性差异(F=0.59)。结论 本研究所制备的EIEC标准物质所用菌株具有清晰的基因组序列信息,均匀性和稳定性均符合要求,适用性良好,能够满足食品检测实验室的质量控制和能力验证的需求。     

阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质研制

目的采用冷冻干燥技术制备均匀性和稳定性符合要求的阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质,用于实验室内部质量控制。方法对使用菌株阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列、质谱特征进行确认。采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为103 CFU/样品的菌球。参照CNAS-GL29《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》,对20件样品进行均匀性检验,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。将样品分别于-20、2、37℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织5家实验室进行协同标定。使用20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质对阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质的使用效果进行确认。结果阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)生化鉴定结果、16SrRNA序列的NCBIGenebank比对结果、质谱鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)。采用单因素方差分析进行均匀性检验, F=1.067, P=0.442,符合标准物质的要求。于-20℃保藏170 d,于25、37℃保藏14d后,样品仍然稳定。经5家实验室协同标定,样品含量均为103 CFU/样品。20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质加入阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质进行检验,均可以检出。结论阪崎克罗诺杆菌(CMCC45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列分析、蛋白飞行质谱特征均符合克罗诺杆菌属的典型特征。均匀性、储藏稳定性、运输稳定性及适用性的验证实验结果均符合标准物质的要求。     

6种克罗诺杆菌精准鉴定及标准物质的制备研究

目的 制备具有我国食源性特点的6种克罗诺杆菌检验用标准物质。方法 通过生化、MALDI-TOF MS及二代高通量全基因组测序技术对研究用菌株进行菌种鉴定确认后,制备104 CFU/样品浓度的标准物质。参照CNAS-GL003等标准要求对样品进行均匀性检验后,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行评价。将样品放于25 ℃和37 ℃及-20 ℃、4 ℃条件下,分别进行运输稳定性检验及储存稳定性检验。依据国家标准GB 4789.40,将研制的6种标准物质分别加入20件乳粉样品中进行检验,检测真实食品样品中适用性。组织3家实验室,对6种标准物质进行协作标定。结果 CMCC45413、CMCC45410、CMCC45414、CMCC45412、CMCC98025及CMCC45408生化鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌属(Cronobacter sakazakii group),准确度为92%至99%;MALDI-TOF MS鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌（Cronobacter sakazakii）,分数为1.914至2.244;全基因组测序鉴定结果与菌株已知种或亚种信息一致。均匀性测试结果符合正态分布,通过单因子方差分析,6种标准物质F值分别为0.422、0.922、0.980、0.409、0.721及0.631,F＜F0.05,符合均匀性要求。25 ℃及37 ℃ 放置7 d,6种标准物质中菌含量仍保持在104 CFU/样品。6种标准物质放置于4 ℃储存28 d及放置于-20 ℃储存90 d,菌含量均为104 CFU/样品,且存活率均在80%以上。20件真实乳粉样品中分别加入6种克罗诺杆菌标准物质进行检验,均可以检出;经3家实验室协作标定,6种克罗诺杆菌标准物质浓度均为104 CFU/样品。结论 本研究制备的6种克罗诺杆菌标准物质均匀性、稳定性、真实食品样品中应用验证及协作标定结果均符合要求,可应用于婴幼儿乳粉中克罗诺杆菌的检验。     

食品检测用副溶血性弧菌标准物质的制备和评价

该研究制备并检测了不含基质的副溶血性弧菌标准物质。用质谱、生化、16S RNA基因序列测定3种方法对菌株CMCC20030分别确认种属。先采用冷冻干燥技术制备800个样品[103 CFU/样品(20 μL)]。然后随机抽取20个样品进行均匀性检验;再将样品存放25、37 ℃分别在1、3、5、7 d取出进行运输稳定性检验,将样品存放4 ℃分别于7、14、28 d进行短期保藏性检验,将样品存放-20 ℃分别于14、28、60 d的保藏稳定性检验。组织5家实验室对样品进行协同标定。最后用食品基质检测使用效果。菌株CMCC20030经3种方法均鉴定为副溶血性弧菌。均匀性检验中,F样品=1.930,小于FINV（0.05,19,20）。稳定性检验中,于-20 ℃保藏60 d、4 ℃保存28 d、25 ℃保藏7 d和37 ℃保藏3 d后,活菌含量103 CFU/样品。协同标定实验中,5家实验室结果均为103 CFU/样品。使用效果实验中,20种食品基质加入样品后均可以检出,本底对照均未检出。制备的不含基质的副溶血性弧菌样品满足标准物质要求,可依据不同目的灵活使用。     

肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌国家核酸标准样品的研制

目的研制肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌核酸标准样品,并对其均匀性和稳定性进行评价。方法本文研究了肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌核酸标准样品的关键制备技术和保存技术,定值技术和定值方式,开展均匀性和稳定性试验,并对食品中肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌核酸标准样品的不确定度进行确定;标准样品采用Pico Green DNA分子荧光定量方法进行定值。多家单位合作定值,确定标准样品的标准值及其不确定度。结果标准样品均匀性标准不确定度为0.016%,不稳定标准差为0.0100,均匀性和稳定性试验结果表明,本文研制的标准样品均匀且稳定。结论研制出具有溯源性的肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌核酸标准样品并获得国家标准样品证书,可适用于肠侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌的检测和质量控制。     

黑曲霉菌标准物质的研制及其在食品检测中的应用

目的 研制黑曲霉菌标准物质, 并将其用于食品检测。方法 通过显微形态及转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)位点测序, 对研究用菌株进行菌种鉴定确认后冻干, 制备104 CFU/样品浓度的标准物质。通过对标准物质样品均匀性、运输稳定性、储藏稳定性以及在不同食品基质中使用效果的检验, 结合3家实验室的协作定值实验对黑曲霉菌标准物质样品进行评价。结果 CMCC98003经肉眼观察菌落绒状, 黑色孢子头, 菌落反面呈无色或淡黄色有皱褶。制片后显微镜下观察, 可见顶囊呈球形, 小梗, 大梗, 分生孢子粗糙, 分生孢子梗宽且光滑, 孢梗颈, 符合黑曲菌形态特性; ITS位点测序结果与美国国家生物信息中心基因库中已有序列比对, 匹配最优结果为黑曲霉菌。通过SPSS软件单因素方差分析结果为F0.05(19,20)=2.137, F=1.614相似文献   

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the