基于感性意象的产品造型优化设计

针对当前消费者感性需求的提高,运用组合思想提出基于感性意象的产品造型优化设计方法.首先应用感性工学类目层次法得到产品的设计要素,再应用数量化一类理论建立感性意象和造型特征元素之间的对应关系,作为优化产品造型时的评判依据.然后应用蚁群算法对造型特征元素进行组合优化,实现了以少量的产品属性形态构建多样的产品造型方案,从而快速设计出满足消费者感性意象需求的产品.最后以电热水壶设计进行实例研究,结果表明运用该方法可有效地进行产品意象造型优化设计.     

基于感性工学的陶瓷酒瓶造型设计研究

目的 在消费者意识形态升级和消费市场全球化竞争发展的趋势下,应用感性工学理论探索陶瓷酒瓶的创新设计,从而迎合消费者的感性需求,提升陶瓷酒瓶的附加价值.方法 首先,利用眼动仪对陶瓷酒瓶造型特征进行分析,提取其造型关键点并计算其权重;其次,广泛收集陶瓷酒瓶样本图片,以模糊综合评价方法和多维尺度分析方法进行代表性陶瓷酒瓶样本图片的提取;再次,收集并萃取相关感性意象词汇,对每个代表性陶瓷酒瓶进行感性意象评分;最后,通过量化一类理论进行造型类目与感性意象之间数学模型的构建,得出两者造型类目与感性意象关联库,并以实例分析检验数据结论的可靠性.结果 通过分析特定人群的感性需求,总结出"优雅的""尊贵的"2个意象,并基于关联库生成了具有良好评价效果的陶瓷酒瓶设计方案.结论 感性工学能够被很好地应用于陶瓷酒瓶的造型设计研究,为陶瓷酒瓶造型设计提供切实可行的辅助作用和理论依据.     

基于感性工学的中国烧酒酒瓶造型研究

目的帮助设计师对中国烧酒市场的酒瓶造型合理归类整理,以便在设计过程中更好地满足目标消费群体的感性需求。方法以感性工学为基础,通过问卷调研和焦点团体法确定中国烧酒酒瓶造型意象的语汇和设计要素,构建数量化I类模型,再通过模型求解造型意象和各设计要素之间的关系。结果该方法在中国烧酒酒瓶造型归类整理和再设计过程中十分有效。结论量化的模型和相关的感性分析有助于帮助设计师从一组给定的产品图像中找出造型元素的最优组合,这种方法可以辅助设计者操控组合某种特定造形要素创造出特定的意象,从而提高顾客对于酒瓶的某一特定感性意象的偏好程度。     

基于数量化理论的家具造型意象设计

目的 研究从消费者角度分析家具形态特征设计的方法。方法 以新中式座椅为对象,数量化理论为基础,通过家具造型的形容词汇和语意差分法来获取消费者对家具的感性意象,再从部件要素、结构、装饰、材质等多方面,综合提取出影响造型设计的关键要素,并借助聚类分析获取代表性新中式家具样本图片,通过多元回归分析构建用户感性意象与产品造型设计要素之间的关联性模型。结论 初始模型显著性P值略大于显著水平0.05,不能非常显著地表达感性意象与造型设计之间的线性关系,为了使数据更具有科学性得到最优模型,需要采取后退的进入方式建立新的模型,最终通过理论分析为家具造型设计提供指导。     

基于感性意象的SUV前脸造型设计

目的 为明确汽车造型对用户情感产生的影响,辅助汽车意象造型设计,提出一种基于感性意象的运动型多用途汽车（Sport Utility Vehicle,SUV）前脸造型设计方法。方法 以典型的SUV为研究对象,收集并筛选出具有代表性的SUV样本和感性意象语意空间,使用语义差分法获取用户对代表性样本的感性意象评价;利用SPSS软件对感性意象语意空间进行因子分析,提取出主意象因子;运用形态分析法从比例关系、相对位置关系和形态方面进行SUV前脸造型设计要素分解;通过数量化理论I建立感性意象与SUV前脸造型设计要素之间的映射关系,并将研究结果运用到SUV前脸造型设计方案中。结论 运用该方法,可将用户模糊的意象和情感体验转化为真实的汽车前脸造型设计要素,提高用户的认同感,使汽车造型设计更加人性化,为SUV造型设计提供参考。     

感性工学视域下外卖配送电动车造型设计

目的 提出符合用户感性需求特征的外卖配送电动车造型设计方案。方法 基于感性工学理论,将感性需求转化成定性分析与定量分析,采用SDM(语意差异法)方法制作调查问卷,收集并筛选描述外卖配送电动车造型的感性意象词汇与样本图片,并结合主成分分析法,提取影响造型设计的主要因子和外卖电动车造型元素,构建感性意象数学模型;通过多元线性回归法,借助SPSS统计软件对四个主要造型构成要素与感性意象进行量化处理。结果 对外卖配送电动车的前面板、前大灯、车身架和座垫的造型元素展开分析,设计出与用户“时尚”和“速度”情感需求最匹配的梯形前面板、变异多边形前大灯、多边形车身架和细长型座垫造型元素。结论 感性工学不仅能有效挖掘用户需求,而且还能直观表达出感性感受与数值的对应关系,对外卖配送电动车造型要素进行有目的的设计和调整。     

基于感性工学的儿童陪伴机器人造型设计

目的 为了满足儿童群体对家庭陪伴型机器人的审美及情感需求,更好地感知体验造型形象,提高儿童陪伴机器人造型的创新性和差异性,让父母和孩子更加青睐.方法 运用感性工学理论,构建了儿童陪伴机器人意象造型与感性认知映射模型,采用语义差异法和Likert量表对代表性样本进行感性意象认知分析,通过SPSS软件统计感性意象词汇测量数据,进行主成分分析和因子系数数量化分析,语义量化分析得出主要造型特征影响元素,依据主要的影响元素对儿童陪伴机器人进行造型设计.结论 明确意象造型与感性认知的映射关系以及感性需求相关性分析的方法,将无形的感性意象词汇转化为有形的造型设计元素,可以有效指导儿童陪伴机器人进行造型创新设计,为该行业的产品造型研究方法提供参考.     

基于结构方程模型的手机产品意象造型设计

提出基于结构方程模型的产品意象造型优化设计方法.选择目前市场流行而又缺少感性设计研究的滑盖手机为研究对象,运用语意差异法、因子分析法提取内隐的用户意象语意信息,运用形态分析法分析产品造型特征,确定产品造型要素,再运用结构方程模型求取顾客偏好模型以及造型要素与意象词对之间的量化关系模型,并进行了模型拟合.模型清晰地反映了顾客偏好、造型要素和意象词对之间的量化关系,为产品造型优化设计提供了思路和方法.     

基于感性工学的框架眼镜造型意象研究

目的分析现有框架眼镜的造型要素,调查使用者对于框架眼镜的感性认知,研究眼镜造型要素和感性意象的相关性,为眼镜设计提供参考数据。方法基于感性工学理论,分析眼镜的造型要素,采用形态分析法确定产品的造型要素与类目特征,并进行感性评估;调查受测者对于眼镜的意象认知,采用因子分析、K-means集群分析法筛选符合产品意象的感性词汇,运用灰关联分析法对满足顾客感性需求的造型要素进行评比;归纳出框架眼镜的形态要素,运用灰关联分析法评比造型要素的优先度。结果得出框架眼镜造型要素和产品意象之间的相关程度。结论帮助设计师了解使用者对于产品的感性认知,理解产品意象与造型之间的相关性,给出产品设计依据,从而提高产品设计的效率和效果。     

基于消费者感性需求的产品造型材质选择方法

以感性工学理论为基础,从消费者角度研究产品造型设计中材质的感觉特性,并以手机产品材质选择为例,给出了研究过程和方法:首先选取材质要素,并运用3Ds Max制作不同材质手机三维效果图,通过产品造型材质感觉意象调查及相关筛选原则,确立材质感觉意象词对;其次,通过问卷调查获取消费者对不同材质的感性评价数据,运用对应分析方法揭示不同材质与意象词对之间的关系,分析各种材质给人的意象感觉;最后,运用最优尺度回归方法构建消费者感觉偏好模型,并进行验证。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...