625合金冷轧板酸洗工艺研究

采用碱洗-混酸酸洗工艺对2 mm厚625合金冷轧板进行正交酸洗试验。结果表明:625合金冷轧板最佳的酸洗工艺为:首先在500℃~550℃质量分数为80%NaOH+20%NaNO_3的碱液中碱洗60 s~120 s,随后在45℃~50℃质量分数为20%HNO_3+4%HF的混酸溶液中酸洗30 s~60 s,酸洗及精整后板材表面质量达到2B级,各项性能指标与进口板材相当。     

国产与进口5083-H116铝合金微观组织及疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究

研究了国产与进口5083-H116态铝合金轧制薄板材（厚度3 mm）的微观组织及其疲劳裂纹扩展行为。结果表明,国产与进口5083铝合金化学成分均满足相应标准要求。国产与进口5083铝合金显微组织均存在较多的粗大第二相,但后者的数量更多;相对于国产合金,进口合金晶粒尺寸更加细小、分布更加均匀。沿板材横、纵向,国产合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度皆高于进口合金,而延伸率相反。进口合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率低于国产合金,在ΔK=15 MPa·m1/2时,其裂纹扩展速率降低了32%以上。疲劳断口皆呈3个典型区域:裂纹萌生区均出现疲劳辉纹,相对于进口合金,国产合金较平坦且存在分层现象;稳态扩展区皆有明显疲劳辉纹,辉纹间距分别为0.405 5μm和0.282 3μm;瞬断区内,进口合金具有数量更多、尺寸更小的韧窝。      

GH625合金的冷变形及其对力学性能的影响

研究了冷加工变形量对GH625合金板材力学性能的影响。研究表明,随冷加工变形量的增加,GH625合金的拉伸强度增加,但塑性降低。冷加工变形量对待持久寿命和冷热疲劳性能影响显著,20％左右的冷变形量可使合金具有最挂的持久寿命和疲劳性能及良好的综合力学性能。合金冷作硬化效果与合金的回复和再结晶程度及固溶化处理温度有关。     

燃气轮机隔热板GH22合金的组织和力学性能

采用真空感应熔炼的方法制备GH22母合金,然后真空感应重熔浇注成等轴晶成形试棒,测试其室温拉伸、高温拉伸和持久性能.利用熔模失蜡精密铸造技术生产了重型燃机GH22隔热板铸件,对隔热板不同部位进行了宏观晶粒度、光学金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析.从国产、进口隔热板底板分别取样加工成力学性能试样,进行了室温拉伸、高温拉伸和高温持久性能测试.结果表明:国产GH22母合金的成分和性能满足要求.国产铸件取样试样的宏观晶粒度、室温拉伸、高温拉伸性能与国外铸件相当.国产铸件具有更高的高温持久强度,这主要是由于国产GH22母合金中碳含量更高,合金组织中在枝晶间和晶界处析出更多的碳化物相.     

Inconel 625合金中析出相演变研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

本文综述了Inconel 625合金析出相的析出与演变行为,重点介绍了该合金不同类型析出相包括γ′相、γ″相、δ相、Ni2(Cr,Mo)相以及MC,M6C,M23C6型碳化物和Laves相;阐明不同成形工艺、热处理及高温蠕变过程中析出相的析出与演化行为,论述不同类型的析出相对合金性能的影响;指出Inconel 625合金快速成形及焊接过程中产生裂纹的主要因素,并提出未来重要的发展方向是如何通过选择与控制相析出来进一步提高Inconel 625合金的热强性和热疲劳性能。     

Inconel 625合金中析出相演变研究进展

本文综述了Inconel 625合金析出相的析出与演变行为,重点介绍了该合金不同类型析出相包括γ′相、γ″相、δ相、Ni_2(Cr,Mo)相以及MC,M_6C,M_(23)C_6型碳化物和Laves相;阐明不同成形工艺、热处理及高温蠕变过程中析出相的析出与演化行为,论述不同类型的析出相对合金性能的影响;指出Inconel 625合金快速成形及焊接过程中产生裂纹的主要因素,并提出未来重要的发展方向是如何通过选择与控制相析出来进一步提高Inconel 625合金的热强性和热疲劳性能。     

电解渗氢对N18和Zr-4合金板材中氢化物的影响

以国产N18合金板材和商用Zr-4合金板材作为研究对象,采用电解渗氢的方法引入氢化物,并采用金相显微镜探索渗氢时间对其形貌、数量和分布的影响规律。结果表明电解渗氢后N18和Zr-4合金板材TD面和RD面上的氢化物形貌及分布基本相同,呈条带状均匀分布,条带方向基本均与ND面平行。此外,N18和Zr-4合金板材中的氢化物数量均随着电解渗氢+均匀化退火循环次数的增加而显著增加。分析表明电解渗氢过程中N18和Zr-4合金板材中氢化物的形貌、数量和分布上的差异可能是由于它们的合金成分、织构和第二相类型的综合作用所导致的。     

Fe-6.5%Si合金冷轧薄板的冲压性能

Fe-6.5%Si合金具有高电阻率、高磁导率、低铁损等优异软磁性能,但其室温脆性严重影响了该合金在工业领域的应用。利用逐步增塑法,通过传统工艺及设备成功制备出0.3mm厚的冷轧板,并对其进行了从室温到250℃的拉伸及冲压实验。该冷轧板在100℃以上时具有一定的拉伸塑性,有韧窝断口出现,冲压结果表明最合理的冲压参数为:模具间隙0.04mm、冲压温度150℃。     

热处理工艺对Fe-42%Ni(4J42)冷轧板组织及力学性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时间对4J42冷轧板组织及性能的影响规律,旨在为工业生产中合理制定Fe-42%Ni(4J42)合金冷轧板的热轧工艺提供实验依据。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长,4J42冷轧板晶粒长大,且晶内孪晶现象越来越明显;在1050℃保温6min,样品出现过烧现象。综合金相检验、力学性能测定和现场技术要求,热处理温度为975℃、保温时间为3~4min时最适合4J42合金退火后续的轧制生产。     

微量Er对1420合金力学性能各向异性的影响及其机制研究

通过测试与观察不同Er含量情况下,欠时效态1420合金板材的不同取向拉伸性能、变形织构和显微组织,研究了Er对1420合金板材力学性能各向异性的影响及其机制.结果表明,随着Er含量的增加,欠时效态1420合金板材力学性能各向异性显著增强,其原因是Er明显加强合金板材的变形织构B{011}《211》,促进时效析出相δ'的析出及长大,进而增大其颗粒尺寸和体积分数.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from