Quantum informatics with single atoms

Current status of the research on the use of single neutral atoms, captured in optical traps, as a quantum computer’s qubits, is briefly reviewed. The specifics of qubits based on cold atoms and t quantum logical operations via dipole interaction by short-time laser excitation in a Rydberg state are discussed. The latest experimental results of the observation of dipole interaction between two Rydberg atoms and of atoms’ entangled states in a ground state are given.     

Schrdinger猫态光场与纠缠态原子相互作用体系的压缩特性

研究了初始处于Schrodinger猫态光场与纠缠态原子相互作用体系的压缩特性。通过数值计算,讨论了光场强度和相干态相位角对体系中的双原子偶极压缩和光场压缩的影响。结果表明:在弱场情况下,不存在偶相干态和Yurke-Stoler相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的光场振幅压缩,但存在奇相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的光场振幅压缩。在相同的条件下,不存在偶相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的原子偶极压缩,存在奇相干态和Yurke-Stoler相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的原子偶极压缩。在强场情况下,三种不同的光场分别与纠缠态原子相互作用,两种压缩现象均不存在。     

Schroedinger猫态光场与纠缠态原子相互作用体系的压缩特性

研究了初始处于Schroedinger猫态光场与纠缠态原子相互作用体系的压缩特性。通过数值计算，讨论了光场强度和相干态相位角对体系中的双原子偶极压缩和光场压缩的影响。结果表明：在弱场情况下，不存在偶相干态和Yurke-Stoler相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的光场振幅压缩，但存在奇相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的光场振幅压缩。在相同的条件下，不存在偶相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的原子偶极压缩，存在奇相干态和Yurke-Stoler相干态与纠缠态原子相互作用的原子偶极压缩。在强场情况下，三种不同的光场分别与纠缠态原子相互作用，两种压缩现象均不存在。     

Element base of quantum informatics I. Qubits of a quantum computer based on single atoms in optical traps

A brief overview of the current state of the experimental research on the development of the element base of quantum computers with qubits based on single neutral atoms trapped in optical traps. The requirements for qubits, peculiarities of single neutral atoms as qubits, methods for the quantum register development and for the implementation of single-qubit quantum logic operations in the laser and microwave fields, and two-qubit operations through the dipole–dipole interaction after a short laser excitation of atoms to the Rydberg states are discussed. The results of the experiments on the observation of the interaction of two Rydberg atoms at a Förster resonance controlled by the dc and radio-frequency electric field are presented.     

一个特殊五粒子纠缠态的制备方案

实现不同的量子信息过程通常需要不同的纠缠态,一个特殊的五粒子纠缠态已被证明可用于量子隐形传态、量子态共享以及量子密集编码等多个量子信息过程.基于腔量子电动力学,提出此特殊五粒子纠缠态的制备方案.选择原子和腔场处于一定的初始态,让多个原子在腔场中发生相互作用,选择相互作用时间,通过经典的幺正变换实现将五个原子制备于特殊的纠缠态.整个制备过程中原子和腔场之间没有能量的交换,无需进行任何量子测量,这使得该方案在实验上更易实现.     

利用V型三能级原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与双模压缩光场相互作用制备双模原子激光

研究了Ⅴ型三能级原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)与双模压缩相干态光场相互作用系统的量子动力学行为，分析了利用Ⅴ型三能级原子BEC与双模压缩相干态光场相互作用制备双模原子激光的可能性。结果表明：在光场作用下，Ⅴ型三能级原子BEC中被激发到非俘获态的原子，仍保持其相干态的特性，从而在理论上证明了利用Ⅴ型三能级原子BEC与双模压缩相干态光场相互作用可以产生双模原子激光。     

Cold atoms in optical lattices as qubits for a quantum computer

An overview is presented of qubit arrays in the form of cold neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The current status and future direction of this qubit realization are discussed. A variant is considered that is based on the dipole-dipole interaction of atoms excited into Rydberg states. The results are presented of the first experiments on the observation of the dipole-dipole interaction between a small number of Rydberg atoms.     

偶极相互作用对量子纠缠信息传递与保持的影响

依据全量子理论原理,采用时间演化算符的方法,详细探讨了等同双能级原子与单模光场在偶极共振相互作用过程中系统的时间演化特性,分析了偶极相互作用对量子纠缠信息传递或保持的影响。计算和分析表明：量子信息的传递或保持过程与原子的初态有强烈的关联,即偶极-偶极作用对W型原子,当偶极相互作用强度满足一定条件时,才能使初始原子纠缠态或光子纠缠态完全保持,不同条件下,部分保持或部分交换传递,同时出现一些混合纠缠态;而对于GHZ型原子纠缠态的传递或保持没有影响。     

Nanostructure optical emitters based on quasibound electron energy levels

Given two energy states (levels) in a quantum well formed by two potential barriers of finite thickness, elementary quantum mechanics tells us that the lower energy state is more tightly bound than the upper state. This produces a longer spatial confinement lifetime in the lower state than in the upper state. This ratio of lifetimes is opposite to that needed for laser action between these states. Furthermore, the lifetime of the lower energy state must be significantly shorter than the electron scattering time for the upper state. These facts have blocked the development of lasers based on these transitions. However, in this paper we report experimental and analytical results on a versatile type of semiconductor heterostructure that overcomes these difficulties. Unlike previous devices, this structure relies on an optical transition between two states which are both above-barrier quasibound states in the ‘classical’ continuum. The oscillator strength is large and the operation of the device clearly demonstrates coherent electron wave behavior. Such structures could represent the basis for a new room-temperature infrared semiconductor laser.     

在相干耦合原子与单模相干腔场系统演化过程中纠缠态的转移

提出了由相干耦合原子与单模相干腔场相互作用的物理模型.利用全量子理论,研究了该系统的演化过程,结果表明:在一定时间条件下量子原子纠缠态与光场纠缠态可以相互转换;还发现,适当控制原子与腔场相互作用的时间,原子纠缠态或光场纠缠态可以保持初态不变.     

GHZ类态原子体系与Fock态光场相互作用的动力学

采用求解Schr(o)dinger方程和数值计算的方法,研究了处于GHZ类态的三个全同二能级纠缠原子与Fock态光场相互作用的动力学特性,讨论了原子布居算符和光场的二阶相干度与三原子体系初始态的纠缠度、Fock态光场的光场强度的依赖关系.结果表明:系统处在非纠缠态,原子布居呈现出周期性的崩塌和回复现象,当光场为真空场时,出现真空Rabi振荡现象;随着光场的增强,原子布居的Rabi振荡频率增大.当系统处在纠缠态,随着纠缠度的增加,光子开始出现聚束效应,在最大纠缠态,聚束效应和反聚束效应交替出现,二阶关联函数的振荡幅度随着纠缠度的增强而增强.     

未知原子态经纠缠腔场信道的隐形传态

为了有效地进行原子态的量子隐形传输,提出了一个使用纠缠腔场的原子量子比特态的量子隐形传输新方案,利用位于高品质光腔中的三能级原子与腔场进行大失谐的相互作用来实现,并讨论了光腔的耗散对量子隐形传输的影响。结果表明,该方案不需要辅助原子就能将一个原子态直接传输到另一个原子上,并且在不考虑光腔损耗的情况下传输效率达到100%;对于小的衰减,对任意态的传输,其保真度都接近1.0。该研究对量子通讯的发展是有帮助的。     

Molecular photodissociation by an ultraviolet photon

The laser has greatly expanded the study of photodissociation dynamics. By generating large concentrations of fragments using monochromatic light, the laser enables the measurement of their final state distribution. This distribution over translational, vibrational, and rotational states combined with the conservation of energy and linear and angular momentum allows us, in principle, to calculate the forces acting in the excited state. A review of experimental results so far obtained shows that: 1) for diatomics the quantum states of the dissociated atoms can now be directly determined, 2) for triatomics the excess of photon energy over dissociation energy appears in comparable amounts in vibrational and translational energy with rotational energy often substantial as well (ICN and H2S are exceptions), 3) in complex molecules optical energy is absorbed in one part of the molecule and utilized in another with resulting intramolecular transfer of energy.     

原子-腔-光纤复合系统中腔场间的纠缠特性(英文)

考虑将W态中的两个二能级原子分别注入用光纤连接的耦合腔A和B中,并且原子与腔场发生共振相互作用的情况。采用Negativity熵来描述两子系统间的纠缠,研究了原子-腔-光纤复合系统中腔场间的纠缠特性。利用数值计算方法,通过对是否进行腔外原子的选择性测量情况下腔场与腔场间的纠缠的比较,讨论了对腔外原子的选择性测量和原子与腔场间的耦合系数变化对纠缠特性的影响。研究结果表明,对腔外原子的选择性测量可增强腔场与腔场间的纠缠,另一方面,随原子与腔场间的耦合系数增大腔场间纠缠增强。     

单光子波包与腔-量子点相互作用的动力学研究

对单光子波包与腔-量子点模型相互作用的动力学过程进行了数学推导,并通过数值模拟实现了静态量子比特与飞行光子比特之间的相互转换。结果表明：由腔-量子点系统输出到光纤的光子是一个平滑的波包;通过改变激光脉冲作用时间等系统参数,可实现量子点中的原子和光子的纠缠,在此基础上,即可实现不同量子点中原子的纠缠。研究结果对解决利用腔-量子点系统来构造量子计算机的接口、制备纠缠态以及实现受控量子门等热点问题具有积极意义。     

Quantum entanglement in a system of Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with Schr?dinger cat state

Under the condition of resonance, the entanglement of field-atom is investigated using the quantum reduced entropy. The effects of the initial field intensity, the interaction intensity between the optical field and atoms and that among Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) atoms on the evolution of the quantum entanglement are discussed. The results indicate that when the strength of the light field is strong enough, the system of the Schro-dinger cat state optical field interacting with BEC atoms is always at the entangled state.     

纠缠原子与光场作用体系的压缩特性

研究了Kerr介质中初始处于纠缠态的两二能级原子与相干光场相互作用体系的压缩特性.通过数值计算,讨论了原子偶极间相互作用耦合常数和Kerr介质与单模腔场相互作用的耦合强度对体系中的双原子偶极压缩和光场压缩的影响.结果发现在弱光场情况下,纠缠态原子偶极间相互作用和Kerr介质与光场作用越强,都使原子偶极振幅压缩现象从压缩状态退缩到无压缩状态;在强光场情况下,纠缠态原子偶极间相互作用越强,光场振幅压缩次数增多、振荡频率变慢;Kerr介质与光场作用越强,光场振幅压缩次数减少、振荡频率变快.     

Bell态原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用的纠缠特性

运用全量子理论和数值计算的方法,借助于Negativity研究了Bell态原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中两个全同二能级原子之间的纠缠演化特性.分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对纠缠的影响.结果表明:原子初态处于|β11〉时,两原子始终处于最大纠缠态;原子初态处于|β00〉时,两原子始终较长时间处于退纠缠状态;原子处在|β10〉时,增大双模光场的平均光子数可以明显增大两原子之间的纠缠度并保持较大的纠缠状态;原子初态处在|β01〉时,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有较显著的非线性调制作用.     

Kerr效应对依赖强度耦合J-C模型中纠缠交换的影响

在多个原子分别与多个腔场发生依赖强度耦合的相互作用系统中,运用全量子理论,研究了Kerr介质对纠缠信息在原子与腔场之间周期性可逆交换传递过程的影响.结果表明: Kerr介质对初始腔场为真空态或最低Fock态组成的纠缠态等一些特殊情形不产生任何影响.而对一般Fock态|nk>(nk≠0)都会改变其纠缠信息转换的相位和周期. Kerr效应越强烈转换周期就越短,相反,可以利用选取不同Kerr介质来控制纠缠信息交换传递的快慢.另外,相位的改变也与腔场中光子数nk(k=1,2,3,…,M)有关.     

晶格原子光学及其应用

首先介绍了近年来发展起来的晶格原子光学,包括冷原子光学晶格、磁晶格和磁光晶格,并报道了国内一些小组研究磁晶格和磁光晶格的一些新结果.其次,简单综述了光学晶格中原子动力学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)和量子态的相干传输与控制等晶格原子光学研究的最新进展.最后,介绍了冷原子光学晶格、磁晶格和磁光晶格在光子晶体制备等方面的潜在应用.