一种适用于射频电子标签的低电压低功耗振荡器

提出了一种适合射频电子标签应用的振荡器设计方法.针对低电压低功耗的要求,选择了比较简单的振荡器结构,通过调节电流的方法来调节振荡器的输出频率.输出电流与电源无关的偏置电路设计保证了振荡器输出频率的稳定,低功耗的二进制权电流电路提供了很小的寄生参数、较高的电流精度和很小的芯片面积.芯片在Chartered 0.35μm CMOS工艺流片,电源电压为1.2～2V,环形振荡器消耗的平均电流约为6.5μA.     

一种适用于射频电子标签的低电压低功耗振荡器

提出了一种适合射频电子标签应用的振荡器设计方法．针对低电压低功耗的要求，选择了比较简单的振荡器结构，通过调节电流的方法来调节振荡器的输出频率．输出电流与电源无关的偏置电路设计保证了振荡器输出频率的稳定，低功耗的二进制权电流电路提供了很小的寄生参数、较高的电流精度和很小的芯片面积．芯片在Chartered 0.35μm CMOS工艺流片，电源电压为1.2～2V，环形振荡器消耗的平均电流约为6.5μA．     

2.45GHz电子射频标签模拟前端芯片的研制

分析了RFID系统的组成和基本原理,针对超高频EPC C1G2协议,提出半无源及有源电子标签前端结构及参考电路,包括整流器、偏置单元、上电复位、解调、反向散射调制、振荡器等部分.采用多种方法,极大程度上实现了电路整体的低功耗,并且采取了限幅、ESD电路,保障了电路的稳定性.采用标准CMOS工艺,设计出了低功耗、低电压工作的2.45 GHz射频模拟前端芯片电路,芯片在0.8～1.8 V电压内均可正常工作.芯片的静态工作电流为2μA,芯片工作时,平均工作电流约为65μA.     

0.35μm CMOS 8 5GHz1∶8分频器的设计

实现了一个基于触发器结构用 0 .35μm CMOS工艺实现的 1∶ 8分频器 .它由 3级 1∶ 2分频器单元组成 ,其中第一级为动态分频器 ,决定了整个芯片的性能 ,第二、三级为静态分频器 ,在低频下能稳定工作 .分频器采用源极耦合逻辑电路 ,并在传统的电路结构上进行改进 ,提高了电路的性能 .测试的结果表明 ,芯片工作速率超过8.5 GHz,工作带宽大于 2 GHz.电路在 3.3V电源电压下工作 ,每个 1∶ 2分频器单元的功耗约为 11m W,面积为35μm× 5 0μm .该芯片可应用于高速射频或光电收发机系统中     

一种宽电压输入范围电流可调型LED恒流驱动芯片设计

基于0.5μm CMOS工艺设计了一款LED恒流驱动芯片。该设计实现了9V~40V的输入电压,同时通过外置反馈电阻实现了电流的可调,电流范围可从10m A变化至80m A;通过验证实现了在不同工艺角下,当温度不变而输出电压从1V变化到8V的情况下,10m A和80m A电流变化误差均约±0.6%;在不同工艺角下,当输出电压不变而温度从-40℃变化到125℃时,10m A电流变化误差约为±1.5%,80m A电流变化误差约为±1.15%。设计主要包括校准器、带隙基准电路、输出运放结构以及过温保护电路,并对各个电路做详细分析。     

0.35μm CMOS 8.5GHz 1∶8分频器的设计

实现了一个基于触发器结构用0.35μm CMOS工艺实现的1∶8分频器.它由3级1∶2 分频器单元组成,其中第一级为动态分频器,决定了整个芯片的性能,第二、三级为静态分频器,在低频下能稳定工作.分频器采用源极耦合逻辑电路,并在传统的电路结构上进行改进,提高了电路的性能.测试的结果表明,芯片工作速率超过8.5GHz,工作带宽大于2GHz.电路在3.3V电源电压下工作,每个1∶2分频器单元的功耗约为11mW,面积为35μm×50μm.该芯片可应用于高速射频或光电收发机系统中.     

D类音频功放中电流控制振荡器的设计

基于N阱0．5μmDPTM CMOS工艺,完成了D类音频功放中电流控制振荡器的设计。首先分析了电流控制振荡器的工作原理,然后着重介绍了振荡器的设计。仿真结果表明,5V电源电压下振荡器的频率为250kHz,温度在-40-120℃,电源电压在3-5V范围内,频率随温度和电源电压的改变很小,仅为4％。该电路应用于某款D类音频功放芯片。     

用于12.5Gbit/s SerDes系统锁相环倍频器设计

采用0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一款6.25 GHz锁相环倍频器,该倍频器适用于12.5 Gbit/s半速率复接的串行器/解串器(SerDes)发射系统。该锁相环倍频器不仅为SerDes发射系统提供6.25 GHz的时钟,也为系统提供1.25 GHz占空比1∶4的时钟。设计中鉴频鉴相器采用真单相时钟(TSPC)触发器,电荷泵采用电流舵结构,压控振荡器采用三级双延时环路结构,20分频器中的高速五分频采用源极耦合场效应晶体管逻辑(SCFL)触发器、低速四分频采用TSPC触发器。电路芯片面积为0.492 mm×0.668 mm。测试结果显示,锁相环的锁定范围为4.78～6.6 GHz,在1.8 V电源电压下核心电路的功耗为67.5 mW。当锁相环工作在6.25 GHz时,10 MHz频偏处相位噪声为-98.5 dBc/Hz,峰峰抖动为15 ps,均方根(RMS)抖动为3.5 ps。     

基于电流模式施密特触发器的CCCII±张弛振荡器

提出了一种基于电流模式施密特触发器的CCCII±弛振荡器。该电路的振荡信号周期可由接地电容线性改变，而频率则与CCCII＋偏置电流成正比，PSPICE仿真结果与理论分析相符。     

一种适用于能量收集系统的低功耗张弛振荡器

为满足微小能量收集系统的低电压、低功耗应用需求,设计了一种低温度系数的低功耗、小面积的张弛振荡器。使用自偏置Cascode复合晶体管结构分别代替传统倍增电流偏置电路中的大电阻和振荡器核心电路中在比较器输入端生成电压参考的大电阻,实现低功耗,同时达到减小电路面积,提高集成度的目的。采用0.18μm CMOS工艺进行设计,仿真结果表明,该振荡器可在0.8～1.2 V的电源电压下正常工作,在工作频率为2.2 kHz时,功耗为30 nW,工作频率的温度系数TC可达1.03×10^-4/℃,芯片面积相对于同类电路至少减小了70%。     

RS trigger based relaxation oscillator for temperature measurement circuit

Resistance-to-time converter is always used for digital temperature measurement. An reset-set （RS） trigger based, relaxation oscillator based temperature measurement circuit, which is used to convert the change of thermistor sensor into a frequency signal for later processing, has been presented in this article. The RS trigger, which is composed of two inverters designed with distinct logical transition threshold voltages by changing the metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） transistor gains, has the same function as the Schmitt trigger in the relaxation oscillator. The advantage of the RS trigger based Schmitt trigger is that it reduces the dependence to supply voltage, chip temperature, and process variation. This temperature measurement circuit has been applied in a clinical thermometer chip that can measure temperature to an accuracy of better than 0.05 ℃ down to 1.1 V battery voltage. It is fabricated in 0.5 μm double metal single poly complementary MOS （CMOS） process.     

利用差频电路实现微电容式传感器检测电路的温漂抑制

介绍了一种本实验室开发的CMOS工艺的电容式传感器的接口电路。重点分析了基于施密特触发器的张弛振荡器接口电路,实现了敏感电容以及参考电容与频率的转换。通过对两频率求差来抑制各种共模干扰。对样片进行了测试,输出频率与理论值基本一致。最后对该电路进行了温漂特性的仿真和测试,验证了差频电路可以将电源波动和温度的影响完全抑制在精度的允许范围内。     

Low-voltage low VDD sensitivity relaxation oscillator for passive wireless microsystems

A low-voltage relaxation oscillator for passive wireless microsystems is proposed. The oscillator employs a current pulse generator to generate effective hysteresis for oscillation without using a Schmitt trigger, avoiding the drawback of the high sensitivity of the frequency of Schmitt trigger relaxation oscillators to supply voltage fluctuation. The proposed oscillator has been implemented in TSMC-0.18 mum 1.8 V six-metal one-poly CMOS technology. The performance of the oscillator is validated using measurement results.     

一种用于DC-DC转换器的精密振荡器设计

提出了一种用于DC-DC转换器的高频、精密张驰振荡器的设计方法.基于V-i转换器原理,设计了精密电流产生电路;基于基极电流补偿技术,设计了一种结构新颖的比较器门限电压产生电路,从而有效地提高了振荡器频率稳定性和精度.通过外接可调电阻,振荡器可调工作频率为100 kHz～3 MHz,并能同时提供占空比85%的方波信号和用于斜率补偿的锯齿波信号,还具有与外接时钟信号同步振荡的功能.流片测试结果表明该振荡器满足设计指标.     

Monolithic microwave FET oscillator temperature-stabilised with a Schottky diode as a sensor

A monolithic microwave FET oscillator built in GaAs is frequency-stabilised with temperature using a Schottky diode as a temperature sensor. The monolithic integrated circuit includes both the oscillator (f=7.44 GHz) and its temperature sensor. The actual performance gives a stabilisation of the frequency to better than 1 MHz in the temperature range from ?40 to +80°C.     

一种频率可调CMOS环形振荡器的分析与设计

给出了一个采用0．6um CMOS工艺设计的改进结构环形振荡器,电路由RC充放电回路、施密特单元以及反相延时单元组成,结构简单,工作频率受集成电路工艺参数影响小。该电路带有使能控制端,并且通过调节少量的外部元件可以改变电路的振荡频率,适用作各类中／低频数字集成电路中的时钟产生电路。分析了改进结构环形振荡器的工作原理,给出了Hspice软件环境下电路仿真方法。电路流片封装后的实际测试结果表明,用该结构的环形振荡器作为时钟产生电路,工作稳定,满足了系统工作要求。     

开关门自动照明模拟电路

描述了由直流稳压电源、霍尔传感器、单稳态触发器和D触发器组成的开关门自动照明电路。设计实现当有人推门而入时,室内照明灯自动亮起;而当有人推门而出时,照明灯自动熄灭的控制功能。     

Simple oscillators-based readout circuit for low-power biomedical implant system

This paper reports a wireless sensor readout circuit for continuous physiological parameters monitoring including a potentiostat, a data generation unit and a frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulator unit with the low drop-out (LDO) regulator for biomedical implant system. The potentiostat can generate an output potential of 0.7?V for the data generation unit. The data generation unit is designed based on a relaxation oscillator scheme and can be used to sense a current signal from any amperometric biomedical sensor and convert the signal to a square waveform in which the frequency of the square wave signal is proportional to the sensor current. FSK modulation scheme has been selected for wireless transmission. Designed with a very simple ring oscillator, this modulator integrates the modulation functionality into the oscillator itself by using the data signal to control the oscillation frequency. The prototype circuits have been fabricated in a 0.35???m bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Working with a regulated 1.8?V supply, the potentiostat consumes only 2???A of current while the data generation unit can generate around 15.7?kHz output frequency with an input current of 1???A. The FSK modulator consumes a total current of around 19???A for a carrier frequency around 1?MHz. An off-chip demodulator is constructed to demodulate the data signal from the FSK modulator and the demodulated signal has less than 1.6?% variation of frequency.     

Smart sensor interfacing circuit using square-rooting current-to-frequency conversion

A universal sensor interfacing circuit is presented in this paper. It is capable of giving a digital output directly proportional to various types of measured quantities, where those measured quantities are proportional to the square root of some other type of quantity. This sensor interfacing circuit is a square-rooting current-to-frequency converter. The design is based on two current-controlled resistors in CMOS technology with bisection of the input voltage used in place of the ordinary resistors within the relaxation oscillator. There is no need for highly stable voltage or current references in the proposed design. The temperature stability of the design is achieved without the need for any specific setting of the process parameters. Experimental results, obtained on a circuit implemented by discrete components, confirm the predictions of the analysis performed. The relative errors are less than 1% for the input current range from 12 µA to 650 µA, and for the output frequency range from 231 Hz to 2.625 kHz. A solution for extending the input current dynamic range is also given in the paper.     

一种用于RFID标签带温度补偿的振荡器设计

提出了基于TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺带温度补偿高精度振荡器的设计方案。针对射频电子标签应用的设计要求,选用改进型的双电容张弛振荡器结构。通过温度补偿作用,参考电压与输出电流受电源影响较小,保证了振荡器输出频率的稳定性。使用SPECTRE工具对电路进行仿真,在1.8 V电源电压下,-25¹00℃范围内,中心频率为1.92 MHz时最大偏差小于±0.75%,达到使用的要求,并在此基础上完成电路的版图。