离子交换树脂脱除地下水中的硝酸盐

地下水是我国华北地区最重要的饮用水水源之一,特别是华北农村生活饮用水几乎全部来自地下水。然而,华北又是我国地下水硝酸盐污染比较严重的地区。研究开发适合华北农村分散式供水特点的地下水脱硝酸盐技术,对于保障农村的饮水安全具有十分重要的意义,为此把简单、高效且投资和运行费用相对较低的离子交换法用于脱除地下水中的硝酸盐。考察了普通强碱性阴离子交换树脂Purolite A 300E和硝酸盐选择性强碱性阴离子交换树脂Purolite A 520E脱除地下水中硝酸盐的效果,比较了地下水中SO42-和Cl-等阴离子对两类不同树脂交换性能的影响。结果表明,Purolite A 300E和Purolite A 520E树脂均能有效地去除地下水中的硝酸盐,两者的NO3--N饱和交换容量分别为49.02和48.54 mg/g。但是,当地下水中含有较高浓度的SO42-或Cl-时,Purolite A 520E脱除硝酸盐的效果明显优于Purolite A 300E。     

饮用水脱硝酸盐催化剂的研究进展

催化加氢脱除饮用水中硝酸盐,具有反应条件温和、反应速度快、没有废水产生等特点,是一种非常有潜力的脱硝酸盐的高级水处理技术。该技术的关键是控制催化剂的活性和选择性,近年来国外对脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的催化剂研究十分活跃。作者较全面地综述了国内外各种不同催化剂还原硝酸盐的催化性能、催化机理,并提出了饮用水脱硝酸盐催化剂的发展趋势。     

聚氯乙烯树脂干燥技术—旋风干燥器的应用

介绍ＰＶＣ树脂旋风干燥工艺流程，叙述旋风干燥器脱除ＰＶＣ树脂内部水分的工作原理，提供万吨级装置设计说明。     

两性蛇笼树脂的开发及应用

介绍了首次在国内合成的蛇笼树脂。系统地研究了以强碱阴离子交换树脂为笼，使丙烯酸单体在笼中聚合成蛇的合成反应条件。合成出的蛇笼树脂用于除去腈纶纺丝溶剂ＮａＸＣＮ溶液中可溶性不挥发杂质，杂质脱除率７０％～９０％，达到目前美国同类树脂Ｒｅｔａｒｄｉｏｎ１１Ａ－８的水平（其杂质脱除率为７０％～７５％）．提出了蛇笼树脂离子阻滞交换量的概念，建立了切实可行的、准确可靠的测定方法，并在国内进行了蛇笼树脂残余阴离子交换量、残余阳离子交换量的测定，建立了一整套合理准确的测定方法，测定的相对误差在０．７７％以内，同时完成了该树脂的工业应用实验。     

活性炭、离子交换树脂应用于去除水中硫酸根的比较

本文以华电乌达热电有限公司循环冷却水为基础水样，通过试验对活性炭法、离子交换树脂法、活性炭＋离子交换树脂法对去除水中硫酸根的效率进行比较，为去除水中氯离子、硫酸根离子提供了试验支持。     

氧化还原树脂除氧技术

1 概述树脂法水处理最大特点是除去水中有害杂质而不带进杂质。树脂与水中溶解盐类进行离子交换的树脂称作离子交换树脂。树脂与水中离子进行电子交换的树脂称作电子交换树脂,也称氧化还原树脂。氧化还原树脂是70年代以后发展起来的新型功能高分子材料,其主要用途是除去水中溶解氧。氧化还原树脂可分为4大类。(1) 有机功能团型氧化还原树脂。这种树脂骨架上具有对苯二酚、苯三酚等基团,设R为树脂骨架,这种树脂与水中溶解氧反应如下:     

关于脱离子单元改造的研究

脱离子系统由三个串联操作的离子交换床组成，来脱除B3D反应系统中形成的或加入（缓冲剂）到B3D反应系统中的阳离子和阴离子盐。在脱离子单元中，起主要作用的是离子交换树脂，在实际的操作过程中发现，在树脂失效时，出料的pH呈酸性，而电导并未超标，说明阴离子树脂的装填量不够，解决问题的根本办法是可以通过增加一组强碱树脂柱的方法将系统的运行时间大大延长并使阴阳树脂的配比合理化，同时需要增加部分设备和附属设施。     

吸水树脂脱除重金属离子的研究

本文介绍了用超级吸水树脂（SAPC）利用离子交换和溶液吸收脱除溶液中的重金属离子，并用离子在凝胶和溶液相间分配系数（mK^d) 对其脱除能力予以比较。     

大孔吸附树脂脱除天然碱中有机质的实验

研究了弱极性或非极性大孔吸附树脂脱除天然碱中可溶有机质的方法。结果表明,D4020型大孔吸附树脂对天然碱碱液有机质的脱除率可达50%以上,优于活性炭;吸附有机质后的D4020型树脂可用氢氧化钠与丙酮联合处理再生,再生树脂平均吸附容量可恢复至80%以上。     

浅色高纯聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂的制备

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂是降血钾树脂。用市售的经常规磺化工艺生产的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠阳离子交换树脂(SPSR)为原料,经过脱除苯乙烯、漂白和净化联合工艺处理,得到了浅色高纯SPSR。该浅色树脂达到日本药典(第14版)规定的药用SPSR标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。