多天线对角空频编码传输

将平坦衰落信道的对角代数空时码(DAST)推广到频率选择性衰落信道,提出了对角空频分组码(DSF).基于多输入多输出天线和正交频分复用(OFDM),DSF码将满秩的旋转信号星座和子载波分组结合起来,以对角发送方式(每时刻只有一个天线发射)发射旋转信息符号向量的每个分量.成对错误概率分析表明:在频率选择性信道中,通过选择最佳的旋转矩阵,这种DSF-OFDM系统能实现满分集增益和最大的编码增益.系统采用了球型解码器对DSF码实施最大似然解码,它的解码复杂性是中等的,并且,解码算法的复杂性与信号星座的维数无关.此外,和先前所提出的一些方法相比,提出的空频码还具有频谱效率高(1symbol/s/Hz)的性能特点.     

Block‐wise Alamouti schemes for OQAM‐OFDM systems with complex orthogonality

Offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems cannot be directly combined with the Alamouti code because of the intrinsic imaginary interference. In this paper, we propose a block‐wise space‐frequency block coding (SFBC) scheme and a block‐wise space‐time block coding (STBC) scheme for offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based OFDM systems, which achieve bit error rate performances that are close to OFDM systems. The proposed schemes satisfy the orthogonality condition of the Alamouti code in the complex field with guard band/intervals. To improve the spectral efficiency of the block‐wise SFBC scheme, we also consider the case without the guard band. It is observed that only the two innermost subcarriers do not satisfy the complex orthogonality condition when the guard band is removed. Then, a simple equalization scheme is proposed to independently equalize the two innermost subcarriers. Simulation results show that the block‐wise SFBC scheme works well under channels with mild‐to‐moderate frequency selectivity, and the block‐wise (STBC ) scheme suffers less than 1 dB loss under severe frequency selective channels at the bit error rate of 10 ^− 3, when only a simple one tap zero‐forcing equalizer is employed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of adaptive interleaving for OFDM systems

We proposed a novel interleaving technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), namely adaptive interleaving, which can break the bursty channel errors more effectively than traditional block interleaving. The technique rearranges the symbols according to instantaneous channel state information of the OFDM subcarriers so as to reduce or minimize the bit error rate (BER) of each OFDM frame. It is well suited to OFDM systems because the channel state information (CSI) values of the whole frame could be estimated at once when transmitted symbols are framed in the frequency dimension. Extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the performance of the coded modulation systems utilizing block interleaving. Furthermore, we show that the adaptive interleaving out performs any other static interleaving schemes, even in the fast fading channel (with independent fading between symbols). We derived a semi-analytical bound for the BER of the adaptive interleaving scheme under correlated Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, we discussed the transmitter-receiver (interleaving pattern) synchronization problem     

A distributed differentially encoded OFDM scheme for asynchronous cooperative systems with low probability of interception

Recently, Li, Hwu and Ratazzi have proposed a physical-layer security design to guarantee low probability of interception (LPI) for MIMO systems without relying on upperlayer data encryption. The proposed scheme utilizes antenna array redundancy to deliberately randomize the transmitted signals to prevent eavesdropping. Motivated by their idea, in this paper we design a physical-layer transmission scheme to achieve LPI in cooperative systems. There are two major differences in cooperative systems: 1) each relay node may have only one antenna that can not provide antenna array redundancy for signal randomization; 2) there may exist timing errors due to the asynchronous nature of cooperative systems. Considering the two differences, we propose a distributed differentially encoded OFDMtransmission scheme with deliberate signal randomization to prevent eavesdropping and exploit the available spatial and frequency diversities in asynchronous cooperative systems. We use diagonal unitary codes to perform the differential encoding in the frequency domain over subcarriers within each OFDM block, or we use general (not necessarily diagonal) unitary codes to perform the differential encoding in the frequency domain across several OFDM blocks. By some deliberate signal randomization, the eavesdropper can not detect the transmitted symbols, while the authorized receiver can perform differential decoding successfully without the knowledge of the channels or the timing errors.     

Adaptive Channel Estimation for Multiple Antenna OFDM Systems

We propose a simple adaptive algorithm for channel estimation of multiple antenna OFDM systems to provide competitive performance with low computational complexity and tracking ability. The derivation of the mean-squared error (MSE) for the proposed scheme is presented and the optimum selection of the parameter in the scheme is analyzed by utilizing the derived MSE expression.     

Symbol-level adaptive modulation for coded OFDM on block fading channels

It has recently been recognized by many researchers that adaptive modulation is most effective when the channel diversity order is small. In this letter, we propose a simple adaptive modulation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems on channels that provide a small order of diversity. The proposed adaptation algorithm is based on a novel and very simple analytical formula we derive for the performance of BICM on block fading channels. Simulation results show that the derived analytical formula is very tight when the targeted bit error probability is small. OFDM systems on indoor channels provide small orders of diversity and form an ideal scenario for adaptation. In order to keep system complexity and feedback requirements at a minimum, we will consider symbol-level adaptive modulation wherein all the subcarriers in an OFDM symbol use the same modulation.     

Quality of Service Aware Inter Carrier Interference Mitigation and Antenna Selection Schemes for Beyond 4G Systems

Future broadband wireless communication systems demand high quality of service (QoS) for anytime anywhere multimedia applications. The standards which use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coupled with multi input multi output (MIMO) are expected to rule the future wireless world. Time selective nature of the channel introduces inter carrier interference (ICI), which is the major performance limiting parameter in OFDM based systems. ICI causes loss in spectral efficiency and results in poor bit error rate (BER) performance, affecting the QoS of MIMO-OFDM systems. The conventional single input single output (SISO)-OFDM-flexible subcarrier spacing (FSS) system offers better performance than the fixed subcarrier spacing systems in terms of ICI mitigation. But BER and spectral efficiency performance of SISO-OFDM-FSS is not good enough to satisfy the requirements of future wireless broadband services. To improve the BER performance, SISO-OFDM system is replaced by space frequency block coded (SFBC)-OFDM system, which adds spatial and frequency diversity benefits to the conventional system. More number of antennas in the MIMO scheme increases the hardware cost, computational complexity and percentage of overhead. In the present study, to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce the complexity and cost, optimal transmit antenna selection (OTAS) is combined with the SFBC-OFDM-FSS scheme. The simulation results prove that the proposed SFBC-OFDM-FSS-OTAS scheme offers better QoS than the conventional SISO-OFDM-FSS scheme.     

Improved generalized spatial modulation via antenna selection

When a high spectral efficiency is needed, the cost of Euclidean distance‐based antenna selection for spatial modulation (EDAS‐SM) in terms of hardware, size, and computational complexity is significantly increased because of the large transmit antenna array required. In comparison, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) can match the spectral efficiency of EDAS‐SM, while using significantly fewer transmit antenna elements. However, the error performance of GSM is naturally limited because of the use of a predetermined and fixed set of transmit antenna combinations. By exploiting knowledge of the channel, the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations can be selected by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between transmit vectors. In this paper, an adaptive scheme for selection of the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations is proposed to improve the reliability of GSM. The computational overhead of the said scheme is relatively high; hence, a low‐complexity suboptimal scheme for selection of the set of transmit antenna combinations is further proposed. The improved GSM schemes address the spectral efficiency limitation of EDAS‐SM, while demonstrating superior error performance.     

Adaptive transmit antenna selection with pragmatic space-time trellis codes

We consider the problem of selecting a subset of transmit antennas in MIMO systems to minimize error probability when only partial channel information is available at the transmitter. An upper bound for error probability of space-time coded transmit antenna selection scheme conditioned on the channel state information is presented. Based on the performance analysis, a criterion of selecting a subset of available transmit antennas to minimize the upper bound on the PEP is proposed. In contrast to other transmit antenna selection schemes for uncoded transmission or with a fixed number of antennas within the selection subset in the literature, the proposed scheme can adaptively select both a variable number of transmit antennas and their corresponding space-time codes for transmission. Furthermore, we present pragmatic space-time trellis coding schemes for slow Rayleigh fading channels. The principal advantage of the schemes is that a single encoder and decoder can be used for systems with a variable number of transmit antennas. The performance of the pragmatic space-time codes with adaptive antenna selection and the effect of the imperfect channel estimation on performance are evaluated by simulations. It is shown that the adaptive selection offers considerable antenna selection gain relative to the antenna selection system with a fixed number of antennas within the selection subset     

Energy and spectral efficiency trade‐off for the downlink OFDM‐distributed antenna systems

This paper investigates an energy efficient optimization scheme for the downlink multiuser OFDM‐distributed antenna systems. We adopt a multicriteria optimization method to offer a systematic study on the relationship between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). First, we transform the energy efficient optimization problem with high complexity into a simpler downlink multiuser OFDM problem. Then, using the weighted sum method in multicriteria optimization, an optimal energy efficient scheme is presented to allocate the available power to balance the trade‐off between SE and EE efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate that the energy efficient scheme is effective, and there existed a trade‐off between SE and EE in the downlink multiuser OFDM‐distributed antenna systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OFDM传输中的子带自适应Turbo编码调制

为了在无线数据传输中获得更高的频谱利用率,提出了一种用于正交频分复用(OFDM)的基于容量估计的子带自适应Turbo编码调制方法。其目标是在恒定发送功率和目标误码率(BER)限制下优化系统吞吐。仿真表明,在发端完全信道估计下,此自适应OFDM方法比基于固定门限的自适应Turbo编码调制有2.5-5 dB的信噪比(SNR)增益。然而,时变信道中反馈信息的延时会带来自适应性能的恶化。文中接着通过研究表明,在子带自适应编码调制中,减少选取子带的个数,充分利用OFDM频域上的分集特性是一种可以降低信道时变带来性能恶化的有效途径。     

Superposition-based adaptive modulated space time block coding for MIMO-OFDM systems

We propose a superposition-based adaptive modulated STBC (SPAM-STBC) for MIMO-OFDM systems to improve adaptive modulation optimization of space time block coding (STBC). When transmit antennas have the different channel conditions, the previous adaptive modulated STBC selects the same modulation based on averaging of the multiple channel gains. If the different modulation is selected to each transmit antenna, the STBC decoding problem occurs. In this letter, we select the optimal modulation corresponding to each channel condition by the superpositioned space time encoding and decoding. Simulation shows the proposed SPAM-STBC scheme outperforms both the fixed and adaptive modulated STBC schemes by the maximum 0.407 bits/sec/Hz in terms of spectral efficiency.     

自适应映射广义空移健控调制(英文)

Generalized Space Shift Keying (GSSK) modulation is a low-complexity spatial multiplexing technique for multiple-antenna wireless systems. However, effective transmit antenna combinations have to be preselected, and there exist redundant antenna combinations which are not used in GSSK. In this paper, a novel adaptive mapping scheme for GSSK modulation, named as Adaptive Mapping Generalized Space Shift Keying (AMGSSK), is presented. Compared with GSSK, the antenna combinations are updated adaptively according to the Channel State Information (CSI) in the proposed AMGSSK system, and the performance of average Symbol Error Rate (SER) is reduced considerably. In the proposed scheme, two algorithms for selecting the optimum antenna combinations are described. The SER performance of AMGSSK is analyzed theoretically, and validated by Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that the proposed AMGSSK scheme has good performance in SER and spectral efficiency.     

Adaptive precoding and power allocation in distributed antenna systems with limited feedback

This paper introduces the limited feedback precoding into the distributed antenna system and proposes to adapt the predetermined orthogonal space time block codes to the available channel state information at the transmitter. The optimal representation of precoding information, namely the precoder, with least bits therefore becomes the key problem. Inspired by the characteristics of the distributed antenna system, we focus our work on the precoder construction, adaptable in response to the large and small scale fading, such that the symbol error probability is significantly reduced over that of a fixed, non‐adaptive, independent and identically distributed precoder codebook design. Furthermore, a suboptimal power‐loading strategy is presented by minimizing the derived tight upper bound on the average pairwise error probability of the precoded orthogonal space time block codes, which approaches the optimal performance asymptotically without additional channel knowledge other than the available feedback information. We prove that the proposed precoded orthogonal space time transmission scheme can achieve full diversity order. In particular, the robustness of our proposed transmission scheme to channel estimation error and feedback delay is respectively investigated in some detail, and numerical results show that it obviously improves the link reliability and obtains substantial gains even with few bits of feedback in comparison with conventional antenna selection scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transmitter diversity for OFDM systems and its impact on high-ratedata wireless networks

Transmitter diversity and down-link beamforming can be used in high-rate data wireless networks with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for capacity improvement. We compare the performance of delay, permutation and space-time coding transmitter diversity for high-rate packet data wireless networks using OFDM modulation. For these systems, relatively high block error rates, such as 10%, are acceptable assuming the use of effective automatic retransmission request (ARQ). As an alternative, we also consider using the same number of transmitter antennas for down-link beamforming as we consider for transmitter diversity. The investigation indicates that delay transmitter diversity with quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and adaptive antenna arrays provides a good quality of service (QoS) with low retransmission probability, while space-time coding transmitter diversity provides high peak data rates. Down-link beamforming together with adaptive antenna arrays, however, provides a higher capacity than transmitter diversity for typical mobile environments     

The impact of impulse postfix length on the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems

The impulse postfix OFDM (IP‐OFDM) system exploits the IP, which consists of a high power impulse sample and several zero samples at the end of a zero padded‐OFDM symbol block, to estimate channel impulse response (CIR) in time domain. In this paper, the impact of IP length on the BER performance of the IP‐OFDM system is analyzed. According to the analytic results, the BER performance can be significantly degraded with both a shorter length of IP as well as a longer length of IP than that of the CIR. Thus, an adaptive IP scheme, which adjusts the length of IP adaptively depending on the length of CIR, is proposed to enhance the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems and its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations. The BER performance of the IP‐OFDM systems with the proposed adaptive scheme is compared with that of the conventional IP‐OFDM system over various modulation schemes. Simulation results show that the IP‐OFDM with the proposed scheme can achieve about 2 dB performance enhancement compared with that of conventional systems at BER=10^?2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A partial transmit sequence technique with error correction capability and low computation

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission technique in wireless communication. Although already widely addressed in many studies, OFDM still has flaws, one of which is the occurrence of high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in the transmission signal. The partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is one method adopted to reduce high PAPR in OFDM systems. However, as PTS utilizes phase factors to generate multiple candidate signals, large amounts of calculation and time are required to search the candidate signal with the minimal PAPR, which will then be adopted as the final transmission signal. This paper proposes a novel PAPR reduction method, which can be applied in OFDM systems with M‐ary phase‐shift keying modulation. It not only requires less computation but also possesses error correction capabilities. More precisely, the proposed method is to divide a block‐coded modulation code into the direct sum of a correcting subcode for encoding information bits and a scrambling subcode for generating phase factors. Our proposed method is a suboptimal technique with low computation, because it uses a genetic algorithm with a partheno‐crossover operator as the transmitted signal selection mechanism. Simulation results show our proposed method has better PAPR performance than the GA‐PTS scheme. Based on the simulation results in Figures 5 and 6, it is evident that our proposed method can be employed in any OFDM system by using M‐PSK modulation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Frames theoretic analysis of zero-padding OFDM over deep fading wireless channels

The performance of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems may be severely deteriorated when passing through wireless channels with the spectral s. Zero-Padding (ZP) for the OFDM signal guarantees the symbol recovery regardless of the channel spectral s if complicated ZP-OFDM-MMSE equalizer is used. In this paper we first establish a connection between ZP-OFDM and DFT codes and then two novel signal reconstruction schemes, signal projection and low-complexity signal reconstruction, are presented to deal with the spectral s based on the frames theory. The simulation results demonstrate that significant performance improvement can be achieved using our proposed methods over the so-called ZP-OFDM overlap and add (ZP-OFDM OLA) scheme.     

Spectral Efficiency of Dynamic Time Division Duplex Fixed Wireless Cellular System for Asymmetric and Dynamic Multimedia Traffic

We analyze spectral efficiency of dynamic time division duplex in a fixed wireless cellular network. Conventionally, spectral efficiency has been analyzed for static and fully loaded systems. In this paper, we investigate how asymmetric and dynamic traffic affect the spectral efficiency of Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) systems. Recently, dynamic TDD (D-TDD) has gained much attention as an efficient duplex scheme for high-speed data communications, because adaptive switching ability enables the system to obtain statistical multiplexing gain by exploiting dynamic and asymmetric data traffic. However, it has been noted that a rather strong co-channel interference can be present due to adaptive switching in a cellular network that uses frequency reuse. Thus, benefits of dynamic TDD may not be justifiable unless a proper countermeasure is employed. To suppress the effect of strong co-channel interference, we employ time slot allocation (TSA) strategy along with sector antenna layouts, as proposed in our previous work Jeong and Kavehrad (IEEE and Transactions on communication, Vol. 50, no.10 pp. 1627–1636, 2002). We note that higher spectral efficiency is obtained in D-TDD systems by employing TSA strategy. We also evaluated spectral efficiency of D-TDD system employing adaptive modulation, assuming that traffic is delay tolerant. It is observed that five times higher spectral efficiency can be obtained by employing adaptive modulation. The effect of variance of ratio of offered load on uplink and downlink is also evaluated. Our computer simulation results show that spectral efficiency of D-TDD system with time slot allocation algorithm is more than that of static TDD (S-TDD) over a large range of traffic variation. In conclusion, D-TDD system can take advantage of statistical multiplexing gain of dynamic traffic by adaptively positioning the boundary to the varying traffic bandwidth in its two-way transmissions when TSA strategy is employed for suppression of strong co-channel interference.     

A novel transmitter design for GLSFBC–OFDM–CDMA communication systems

Relying on mutual orthogonality between subcarriers of different users in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems and mutual orthogonality between spreading codes in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, a novel transmitter design is proposed for group layered space–frequency block code (GLSFBC)–OFDM–CDMA communication systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method is based on a three-level design of user codes: the top level (based on OFDMA) deals with group interference and intersymbol interference (ISI), the middle level (based on space–frequency block coding) results in space–frequency diversity, and the lower level (based on CDMA) handles multiuser interference. The new approach only needs one receive antenna to distinguish multiple users and suppress group interference simultaneously, so the complexity of the receiver decreases remarkably. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed technique.