PyC/SiC界面相对PIP法制备3D HTA C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

利用三维编织炭纤维预制件通过先驱体浸渍裂解法制备C／SiC复合材料。研究了热解碳（PyC）／SiC界面相对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。弯曲性能通过三点弯曲法测试，复合材料的断口和抛光面通过扫描电镜观察。结果表明：通过等温化学气相沉积法在纤维表面沉积PyC／SiC界面相以后，复合材料的三点抗弯强度从46MPa提高到247MPa。沉积界面的复合材料断口有明显的纤维拔出现象，纤维与基体之间的结合强度适当，起到了增韧作用；而未沉积界面相复合材料的断口光滑、平整，几乎没有纤维拔出，纤维在热解过程中受到严重的化学损伤，性能下降严重，材料表现为典型的脆性断裂。     

T300碳纤维热处理对Cf/SiC复合材料性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备T300碳纤维增强3D Cf/SiC复合材料,研究了T300碳纤维预先热处理对材料性能的影响.结果表明,热处理能够弱化Cf/SiC复合材料中纤维-基体界面结合,减少碳纤维在复合过程的损伤,显著提高复合材料性能.纤维经热处理后制备的Cf/SiC复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别从未经处理的154MPa,4.8MPa·m1/2提高到437MPa,20.4 MPa·m1/2.     

“CVI+压力PIP”混合工艺制备低成本 C/SiC复合材料

以低成本填料改性有机硅浸渍剂作为先驱体,采用"化学气相渗透法+压力先驱体浸渍裂解法"(CVI+P-PIP)混合工艺制备了低成本C/SiC陶瓷复合材料.研究了浸渍剂裂解机理,探讨了界面涂层对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,填料改性有机硅浸渍剂裂解产物结构致密、陶瓷产率高;压力可提高填料改性有机硅浸渍剂的致密效率.混合工艺充分利用沉积SiC基体和裂解SiC基体的致密化特点,有效缩短了制备周期.C/SiC/C三层界面不仅可降低纤维/基体之间结合强度界面,提高了复合材料韧性;而且减缓了氧化性气体扩散到碳纤维表面的速度,改善了复合材料的抗氧化性能.复合材料的抗弯强度达到455MPa,断裂韧性达到15.7MPa·m-1/2.在1300℃空气中氧化3h,复合材料失重仅8.5%.     

浸渍浆料对先驱体转化C_f/SiC复合材料结构及性能的影响

采用先驱体转化法,以聚碳硅烷/二甲苯、聚碳硅烷/二甲苯/碳化硅粉、聚碳硅烷/交联剂三种浆料体系分别浸渍增强体,裂解制备Cf/SiC复合材料,考察了浸渍浆料体系对Cf/SiC复合材料的结构和性能的影响。研究发现:聚碳硅烷/交联剂浆料制备复合材料所需周期最短,9个周期即可制得密度达1.78g.cm-3、开孔率为4.95%的复合材料;聚碳硅烷/二甲苯/碳化硅粉制备的复合材料密度最大,达1.87g.cm-3,并且制备的复合材料表面平整光洁;聚碳硅烷/二甲苯浆料制备的Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能最好,弯曲强度达455.9MPa,模量达90.6GPa,断裂韧性达18.9MPa.m1/2。研究结果表明,三种常用的浸渍浆料制备的复合材料各有其优点,在各个浸渍周期合理的选用浆料能有效的改善材料结构及性能。     

低分子量聚碳硅烷制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料

研究了低分子量聚碳硅烷 (PCS) 通过先驱体浸渍裂解 (PIP) 工艺制备C_f/SiC复合材料。分析表明:PCS的数均分子量为400,活性较强,陶瓷化产率为70％左右,在1200℃基本转化为微晶态的β-SiC。分别通过3种不同升温速率制备了3D-C_f/SiC复合材料试样,其弯曲强度分别为745.2MPa、686.7MPa和762.5MPa,明显高于文献报道3D-C_f/SiC复合材料弯曲强度300~500MPa的水平。试样断口的SEM照片均显示长的纤维拔出,有良好的增韧效果,低分子量PCS裂解得到的基体比较致密。实验结果说明,低分子量PCS适合于制备3D-C_f/SiC复合材料,并且提高升温裂解速率对材料性能影响很小。      

SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能

以连续SiC纤维为增强体,采用前驱体浸渍裂解工艺,在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须制备出多级增强的SiCf/SiC-SiCw复合材料,并采用化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层,研究了SiC晶须及其表面BN界面层对复合材料的性能影响.结果表明:在复合材料中引入SiC晶须后,由于晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等作用增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使SiCf/SiC复合材料的压缩强度有明显提高,当引入体积分数为20％的SiC晶须时,复合材料压缩强度提高了22.6％,可达673.9 MPa.通过化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别为414.0,800.3 MPa和22.2 MPa·m1/2,较SiC晶须表面无界面层时分别提高了13.9％,8.8％和19.0％.     

纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料及其性能分析

为研究纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料的性能特点,通过磁控溅射法先后将Ti6Al4V界面改性层和基体Cu涂层涂覆到SiC纤维表面,并通过真空热压法将被涂覆的纤维制备成SiCf/Cu复合材料.对Ti6Al4V涂层、Cu涂层以及复合材料进行了微观分析,并测试了复合材料的拉伸强度.研究表明,复合材料的Cu基体由致密而细小的晶粒组成;Ti6Al4V提高了纤维/基体界面结合强度,复合材料轴向抗拉强度高达500 MPa,界面脱粘主要发生在纤维表面的碳涂层与纤维之间.     

C/SiC复合材料的常压制备与性能研究

采用聚碳硅烷作为碳化硅先驱体, 以二维0°/90°正交编织碳布叠层后作为增强体, 采用真空压力浸渍的方法制备了C/SiC复合材料, 研究了裂解温度和浆料浓度对复合材料性能的影响. 结果表明: 复合材料的弯曲强度随着裂解温度的升高以及浆料浓度的增加都呈增加趋势; 基体在纤维束内部分布均匀, 但依然有一些小气孔存在; 在1100℃时, 基体中开始生成一定量的β-SiC相, 复合材料的三点弯曲强度达到232MPa, 断裂韧性达到10.50MPa·m^1/2. 在断裂过程中表现出明显的韧性断裂, 断口有较长的纤维拔出.     

制备工艺对Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

分别采用先驱体裂解-热压和先驱体浸渍-裂解方法制备出了Cf/SiC复合材料.重点探讨了不同制备工艺对复合材料纤维/基体间界面和力学性能的影响.研究表明,采用先驱体裂解-热压工艺制备复合材料时,由于制备温度较高,复合材料中纤维与基体间的界面结合强,同时纤维本身性能的退化严重,因此复合材料表现为脆性断裂,具有较低的力学性能.而采用先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备复合材料时,由于致密化温度较低,复合材料中纤维与基体的界面结合较弱,而且纤维的性能保留率较高.因此,纤维能够较好地发挥补强增韧作用,复合材料具有较好的力学性能, 其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为573.4MPa和17.2 MPa*m1/2.     

CVD SiC涂层SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料的研究

本文采用CVD技术对KD-1 SiC纤维作涂层处理,再通过聚碳硅烷浸渍裂解法制备单向SiCf/SiC复合材料.研究了不同沉积时间的CVDSiC涂层对SiCf/SiC复合材料性能的影响,同时运用SEM研究了SiC纤维表面SiC涂层的形貌.结果表明:经过5小时CVDSiC涂层SiCf/SiC复合材料具有良好的力学性能和抗氧化性能.     

Mechanical properties of 3D KD-I SiCf/SiC composites with engineered fibre-matrix interfaces

Three-dimensional (3D) silicon carbide (SiC) matrix composites reinforced with KD-I SiC fibres were fabricated by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The fibre-matrix interfaces were tailored by pre-coating the as-received KD-I SiC fibres with PyC layers of different thicknesses or a layer of SiC. Interfacial characteristics and their effects on the composite mechanical properties were evaluated. The results indicate that the composite reinforced with as-received fibre possessed an interfacial shear strength of 72.1 MPa while the composite reinforced with SiC layer coated fibres had a much higher interfacial shear strength of 135.2 MPa. However, both composites showed inferior flexural strength and fracture toughness. With optimised PyC coating thickness, the interface coating led to much improved mechanical properties, i.e. a flexural strength of 420.6 MPa was achieved when the interlayer thickness is 0.1 μm, and a fracture toughness of 23.1 MPa m^1/2 was obtained for the interlayer thickness of 0.53 μm. In addition, the composites prepared by the PIP process exhibited superior mechanical properties over the composites prepared by the chemical vapour infiltration and vapour silicon infiltration (CVI-VSI) process.     

界面相对3D-SiC/SiC复合材料静态力学性能及内耗特征的影响

采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备无界面、SiC、PyC和PyC/SiC等界面相SiC/SiC复合材料,研究了SiC/SiC复合材料的微观结构及静态力学性能,并通过强迫振动法系统分析了界面相对复合材料内耗行为的影响。研究结果表明,引入界面相有效改善了复合材料的微观结构及力学性能,并降低了复合材料的内耗。其中, PyC/SiC复相界面中亚层SiC限制了PyC界面相与纤维的结合及塑性形变,提高了复合材料的力学性能;同时,界面相对SiC/SiC复合材料内耗行为有显著影响,材料内耗水平与界面剪切强度成反比。对比50和350℃时的材料内耗变化率发现,随界面剪切强度增大,材料内耗呈降低的趋势,且含有PyC的PyC/SiC界面复合材料具有较低的内耗变化率,说明PyC/SiC复相界面的SiC/SiC复合材料更适于高温振动环境。     

不同界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂行为研究

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC/SiC)是极具前景的高温结构材料。通过先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺分别制备了PyC界面和CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料, 对两种SiC/SiC复合材料的整体力学性能以及界面剪切强度等进行了测试表征, 并对材料中裂纹的产生与扩展进行了原位观测。结果表明, 两种界面SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度相近, 但PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂韧性约为CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料的两倍。在PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹沿纤维-基体界面扩展, PyC涂层能够偏转或阻止裂纹, 材料呈现伪塑性断裂特征; 而在CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹在扩展路径上遇到界面并不偏转, 初始裂纹最终发展为主裂纹, 材料呈现脆性断裂模式。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional,Cf/ZrC–SiC composites using ZrC precursor and polycarbosilane

Three-dimensional 4-directional C_f/ZrC–SiC composites were successfully fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis combined with ZrC precursor impregnation. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The composite with PyC/SiC interphase had a bulk density of 2.14 g/cm³, an open porosity of 10%, and a bending stress of 474 MPa, and exhibited a non-brittle failure behavior due to propagation and deflection of cracks, and fracture and pullout of fibers. Their high-temperature oxidation resistance and anti-ablation properties were evaluated using a muffle furnace and plasma wind tunnel test. Results show that the composites have good mechanical and excellent ablative properties.     

Mechanical behavior of SiCf/SiC composites with alternating PyC/SiC multilayer interphases

In order to tailor the fiber–matrix interface of continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC_f/SiC) composites for improved fracture toughness, alternating pyrolytic carbon/silicon carbide (PyC/SiC) multilayer coatings were applied to the KD-I SiC fibers using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Three dimensional (3D) KD-I SiC_f/SiC composites reinforced by these coated fibers were fabricated using a precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The interfacial characteristics were determined by the fiber push-out test and microstructural examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of interface coatings on composite mechanical properties was evaluated by single-edge notched beam (SENB) test and three-point bending test. The results indicate that the PyC/SiC multilayer coatings led to an optimum interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix and greatly improved the fracture toughness of the composites.     

CVI-iC/TaC改性C/C复合材料的力学性能及其断裂行为

以针刺碳纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透工艺对预制体纤维进行PyC/SiC/TaC的多层复合模式的涂层改性, 然后采用化学气相渗透和热固性树脂浸渍-化进行增密,制备出新型C/C复合材料。对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:包覆在碳纤维表面的PyC/SiC/TaC多层结构均匀致密、无裂纹,在C/C复合材料中形成空间管状网络结构;改性后C/C复合材料的抗弯强度和韧性均大大提高, 平均抗弯强度达到522 MPa,断裂位移达到1.19mm;复合材料弯曲断裂形式表现为脆性断裂,经过2000℃高温热处理以后,复合材料的抗弯强度下降,但最大断裂位移增大,弯曲断裂形式由脆性断裂转变为良好的假塑性断裂。      

Improvement of SiCf/SiC density by slurry infiltration and tape stacking

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC–matrix ceramic composites (SiC_f/SiC) were fabricated by vacuum infiltration of a SiC slurry into Tyranno™-SA grade-3 fabrics coated with a 200 nm-thick pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer followed by hot pressing using a transient eutectic-phase. The density of the composite was improved using a special infiltration apparatus with a pressure gradient and alternating tape insertion between fabrics. Their overall properties were compared with those of monolithic SiC and composite containing chopped fibers. Although the density of the composites decreased with increasing fiber fraction, SiC_f/SiC containing 50 vol.% fibers had a density of 3.13 g/cm³, which is the highest reported thus far. The composites containing continuous fibers had a maximum flexural strength of 607 MPa and a step increase in the stress–displacement behavior during the three-point bending test due to fiber reinforcement, which was not observed in the monolith.     

CVD-SiC界面改性涂层对气相渗硅制备C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

在气相渗硅制备C_f/SiC复合材料时,界面改性涂层非常重要。良好的界面改性涂层一方面起到保护碳纤维不受Si反应侵蚀的作用,另一方面起到调节纤维和基体界面结合状况。通过在C纤维表面制备CVD-SiC涂层来进行界面改性,研究CVD-SiC界面改性涂层对GSI C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能和断裂特征的影响,并分析其影响机制。结果表明:无CVD-SiC涂层改性的C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能较差,呈现脆性断裂特征,其强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为87.6MPa,56.9GPa,2.1MPa·m1/2。随着CVD-SiC涂层厚度的增加,C_f/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,CVD-SiC涂层厚度为1.1μm的C_f/SiC复合材料的力学性能最好,其弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为231.7MPa,87.3GPa,7.3MPa·m1/2。厚度适中的CVD-SiC界面改性涂层的作用机理主要体现在载荷传递、"阻挡"Si的侵蚀、"调节"界面结合状态3个方面。     

rGO/SiC复合材料的制备与性能研究

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷具有优异的力学性能, 但是其断裂韧性相对较低。石墨烯的引入有望解决碳化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性较低的问题。本研究采用热压烧结工艺, 制备了具有不同还原-氧化石墨烯(rGO)掺入量的SiC复合材料。经过2050℃保温、40 MPa保压1 h后, 所制备的复合材料均烧结致密。对复合材料中rGO的掺入量、微观结构和力学性能的相互关系进行分析和讨论。加入4wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到564 MPa, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了6%; 断裂韧性达到4.02 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了54%。加入6wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到420 MPa, 略低于热压SiC陶瓷, 但其断裂韧性达到4.56 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了75%。裂纹扩展微观结果显示, 主要增韧机理有裂纹偏转、裂纹桥连和rGO片的拔出。