小浪底水电厂筒形阀的同步控制原理和方法

为了减少停机时含沙水流对水轮机导叶和转轮的冲击磨损，小浪底水电厂在机组固定导叶与活动导叶之间设置了筒形阀，筒形阀由装置设在固定导叶上的导轨进行导向，由于间隙很小，而且筒形阀的体积和重量均很大，一旦在起升和下落过程中不能保持同步，将会造成发卡而影响机组的正常运行，小浪底水电厂采用电气和液压回路控制筒形阀的起落，其效果良好，对筒形阀的结构、同步控制原理及操作方法作了介绍。     

Experimental investigations of transient pressure variations in a high head model Francis turbine during start-up and shutdown

Penetration of the power generated using wind and solar energy to electrical grid network causing several incidents of the grid tripping, power outage, and frequency drooping. This has increased restart （star-stop） cycles of the hydroelectric turbines significantly since grid connected hydroelectric turbines are widely used to manage critical conditions of the grid. Each cycle induces significant stresses due to unsteady pressure loading on the runner blades. The presented work investigates the pressure loading to a high head （ He = 377 m, De = 1.78 m） Francis turbine during start-stop. The measurements were carried out on a scaled model turbine （HM = 12.5 m, DM = 0.349 m）. Total four operating points were considered. At each operating point, three schemes of guide vanes opening and three schemes of guide vanes closing were investigated. The results show that total head variation is up to 9% during start-stop of the turbine. On the runner blade, the maximum pressure amplitudes are about 14 kPa and 16 kPa from the instantaneous mean value of 121 kPa during rapid start-up and shutdown, respectively, which are about 1.5 times larger than that of the slow start-up and shutdown. Moreover, the maximum pressure fluctuations are given at the blade trailing edge.     

铜街子水电站水轮机增容改造的优化设计

在原有的水轮机通流部件和流道埋件基本保持不变的前提条件下,对铜街子水电站的4台大型轴流转桨式水轮发电机组进行了增容改造。针对改造前、后机组单机容量增幅较大的特点,主要从水轮机的水力开发和结构设计优化方面作了阐述,尤其是三体联吊方案设计的优化不但可以应用于所有轴流式水轮发电机组,更适合用于对改造机组前基础环部件的处理、改造后叶片数量发生变动的轴流式水轮发电机组。根据优化方案实施改造的机组已经重新投入运行。其安全、可靠的运行状态表明,此次基于方案优化设计的增容改造项目获得了成功。     

水轮机导叶摩擦装置的设计研究

在水轮机组运行中,导水机构通常是利用导叶臂与连板间的剪断销起过载保护作用,在控制环带动活动导叶向关闭方向运动,某些导叶发生卡阻,外力大于正常的关闭力一定值时,相应剪断销就会被剪断。目前有些机组则采用新型的导叶摩擦装置。文章介绍了导叶摩擦装置的主要结构和工作原理,提出了导叶摩擦装置设计时的主要参数,如压紧螺栓的直径大小、压紧螺栓预紧力矩大小的计算方法。     

四川关州水电站水轮机结构设计

关州水电站为高水头、大容量的混流式水轮机机组,水轮机设计技术参数、结构件强度要求高。对水轮机转轮、转轮摩擦传递扭矩方式、转轮止漏装置、导叶传动机构、主轴下法兰对转轮补气结构、顶盖和蜗壳座环的优化设计和蜗壳水压试验工具的设计。     

Experience in using a guide vane design with a “floating” lower bearing

Conclusion The use of the floating bearing of the vanes in the lower ring of the gate apparatus makes it possible to reduce the cycle and labor expenditures of manufacture at the plant and on assembly of the gate apparatus with a substantial improvement of the quality of assembly.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 45–47, April, 1984.     

运行工况对水轮机活动导叶表面泥沙浓度分布的影响

采用标准k-ε模型对水轮机内部沙水流动进行数值模拟,研究了不同工况下映秀湾电站活动导叶泥沙分布情况。研究结果表明,活动导叶磨损主要集中在头部且工作面比背面磨损量大,泥沙颗粒在活动导叶底部有堆积。活动导叶泥沙绕流速度分布规律相似,并随着出力的增加头部绕流速度明显增大。     

BEARING FORCES OF EMERGENCY GATE DURING SHUTOFF

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦｏｒａｈｙｄｒｏｐｏｗｅｒｓｔａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈａｌｏｎｇ ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｉｔｉｓａｌｗａｙｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔａｓｕｒｇｅｔａｎｋｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅｗａｔｅｒｈａｍｍｅｒｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｒｅ ｓｕｌｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ [2 ,7] 　　 .Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ ,ｆｏｒｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍｓｉｄｅｏｆｔｈｅｔａｎｋ ,ｉ…     

Hydraulic starting of reversible bulb units in a pump operating regime

Conclusion An analysis of the results of model investigations and of the characteristics of the transient process permits revealing the following favorable qualities inherent to the hydraulic method of starting: the possibility of a dangerous increase of pressure in the waterway with a closed gate apparatus is precluded; there is no voltage drop in the network, and the design of the motor-generator is facilitated; the starting time is relatively short; the installation of additional starting equipment and devices is not required, the existing regulating gear is used effectively.It is necessary to note that problems of the dynamic effect of the flow on the guide vanes in the second stage of the process and the overall vibrational state of the unit are in need of special investigations.Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 7, pp. 38–41, July, 1980.     

中高水头电站水轮机活动导叶表面破坏机理分析

以某电站水轮机活动导叶表面破坏情况为例,从空蚀产生的原因以及空化加剧泥沙磨损作用的微观机理两个方面,深入分析水轮机活动导叶表面破坏机理,以及轴根下方鼓包处破坏较为严重的原因,并对其影响因素进行分析,进而提出若干有效减少破坏的措施及相关运行建议。     

红河南沙电站水轮机筒阀液压控制系统

以天津大学研制的南沙电站水轮机筒阀液压控制系统为对象，重点对水轮机筒阀启闭速度控制、多接力器同步控制的模块如控制阀组、液压分流马达组成的分流模块和配油模块等进行了介绍，并研究了水轮机简阀在不同工况下控制系统的工作原理。通过在云南红河南沙水电站的实际应用，表明了该控制系统的各项功能和性能指标均满足设计要求。     

计算水轮机过渡过程初始参数的一种新方法──图解内插法

本文介绍一种求取水轮机过渡过程中水轮机初始工作水头Ｈ０、初始流量Ｑ０、初始开度Ｙ０的新方法．通过算例可以看出，这种方法较其它方法更为准确、简便和快速．     

六甲1#、2#机组水轮机顶盖排水系统改造

六甲水电站1#、2#机组原主轴密封均采用橡胶平板式密封方式，设备运行期间顶盖漏水量大，时常因抽水泵故障导致水淹水导轴承，针对这一问题对水轮机主轴密封型式和排水方式进行改造。改造后，节省排水能耗和检修费用，运行3年效果良好。     

不同导叶数对超低比转速水轮机水力性能的影响

为研究固定导叶数对小流量、低比转速的冷却塔专用超低比转速水轮机水力性能的影响,利用CFD技术对不同固定导叶数的超低比转速水轮机进行模拟分析,研究了4种不同导叶数对超低比转速混流式水轮机水力性能的影响。结果表明:水轮机匹配18个固定导叶时,超低比转速水轮机内部流动更加均匀,导叶间压力在圆周方向对称性更好;转轮流线分布更加顺畅,流态更好,尾水管涡量更小;水轮机运行稳定性增强,机组出力和水轮机效率提高。     

飞来峡灯泡贯流式机组冷却系统改造与建议

简介飞来峡灯泡贯流式机组冷却系统,对机组投产后冷却系统的运行及改造情况进行总结分析,指出尚存在的问题,并加以分析,提出技改建议。     

Design and development of guide vane cascade for a low speed number Francis turbine

Guide vane cascade of a low speed number Francis turbine is developed for the experimental investigations.The test setup is able to produce similar velocity distributions at the runner inlet as that of a reference prototype turbine.Standard analytical methods are used to design the reference turbine.Periodic walls of flow channel between guide vanes are identified as the starting profile for the boundary of the cascade.Two alternative designs with three guide vanes and two guide vanes,without runner,are studied.A new approach,for the hydraulic design and optimization of the cascade test setup layout,is proposed and investigated in details.CFD based optimization methods are used to define the final layout of the test setup.The optimum design is developed as a test setup and experimental validation is done with PIV methods.The optimized design of cascade with one guide vane between two flow channels is found to produce similar flow conditions to that in the runner inlet of a low speed number Francis turbine.     

水轮机蜗壳位移的分析及处理

潘家口防汛自备电站水轮发电机组，在空载试运行中发生水轮机蜗壳位移，造成水轮机转轮及主轴密封严重磨损， 机组无法投入运行。后经多次试验分析， 查清了问题的根源， 采取了多种处理措施， 使机组恢复正常， 并投入运行。     

凌津滩水电站泄洪闸工作闸门及启闭机设计特点

凌津滩水电站首次采用大型盘香式启闭机启闭大型平面工作闸门，取消常规布置中的混凝土高排架，加快了工程进度，实现提前6个月发电，取得了非常好的经济效益与社会效益。自1998年下闸蓄水以来，泄洪闸已经安全运行了近5年时间，工作闸门及启闭机经历了各种洪水的考验，总体运行情况基本良好，可供类似工程借鉴。     

丹江口水力发电厂4号机组固定导叶修型

丹江口水力发电厂4号水轮机改造除水轮机外还包括了对固定导叶的修型。固定导叶是支承座环的支柱,在设计时要求水流以最小的水力损失流经固定导叶。此次修型主要是通过铲磨固定导叶进出水边,改变导叶的型线,力求固定导叶型线与蜗壳所形成的水流流线相重合。文章详细介绍了固定导叶修型的方法,重点介绍了修型时采用的关键技术。     

大型灯泡贯流式水轮机出力不足原因分析与 现场测试研究

洪江水电厂3#灯泡贯流式水轮机自2003年9月份投产以来就一直存在出力不足的状况,经济损失较大。为此,从理论上分析了该水轮机出力和效率的主要影响因素,确定了3#、5#和6#水轮机导叶和桨叶叶型、间距的现场测试方案。测试研究结果表明,3#和6#水轮机的导叶和桨叶叶型分别基本一致,在各桨叶转角下3#水轮机的桨叶间隔平均值普遍小于5#水轮机的相应间距值。