Microstructure of La-TZM alloy doped with rare-earth oxide La203

在TZM钼合金的基础上掺杂稀土氧化镧,用粉末冶金法生产出掺镧TZM合金。采用SEM、EDS对不同配方稀土钼合金的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,掺镧可显著降低合金的晶粒尺寸,合金晶粒尺寸随着掺镧量的增加而减小;合金内第二相弥散颗粒不仅存在于晶界,也存在于晶内,可同时强化晶界和晶粒;间隙元素C、O会在晶界的第二相上富集,Ti在合金中会形成粗大的Ti-Mo固溶体,而C会和Mo形成粗大的Mo2C。稀土氧化镧的掺杂能促进TZM合金弥散分布的细小第二相的析i‰     

掺镧TZM合金的组织结构

在TZM钼合金的基础上掺杂稀土氧化镧,用粉末冶金法生产出掺镧TZM合金。采用SEM、EDS对不同配方稀土钼合金的微观结构进行了分析。结果表明,掺镧可显著降低合金的晶粒尺寸,合金晶粒尺寸随着掺镧量的增加而减小;合金内第二相弥散颗粒不仅存在于晶界,也存在于晶内,可同时强化晶界和晶粒;间隙元素C、O会在晶界的第二相上富集,Ti在合金中会形成粗大的Ti-Mo固溶体,而C会和Mo形成粗大的Mo2C。稀土氧化镧的掺杂能促进TZM合金弥散分布的细小第二相的析出。     

Effects of rare earth oxide additives on the thermal behaviors of aluminum nitride ceramics

The effects of Y₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ on the sintering behaviors, thermal properties and microstructure of AlN ceramics were investigated. The experimental results show that the sintering temperature can be decreased; the relative density and thermal behavior can be improved by adding rare earth oxide in AlN ceramics. For AlN ceramics with 3 wt.% Er₂O₃ additive, the relative density is 98.8%, and the thermal conductivity reaches 106 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. The microstructure research found that no obvious aluminum erbium oxide was found in AlN ceramics doped with 3 wt.% Er₂O₃, which favored the improvement of the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics.     

第一性原理研究Pt-Zr系统中化合物的生成焓/体模量与原子体积的线性相关性

通过第一性原理的计算方法,研究118种不同结构的Pt-Zr中间化合物,并选取相关的物理性能,如结构稳定性、晶格常数、生成焓、弹性常数以及体模量等进行计算。根据计算得出的生成焓信息,绘制Pt-Zr系统的基态能量曲线。计算得到的物理相关信息为未来的热力学计算和原子尺度模拟提供基础数据。在选取的 Pt-Zr化合物中,存在两组线性相关关系：生成焓与原子体积成正线性相关,而体模量与原子体积成负线性相关关系。     

稀土系贮氢合金的生成焓计算

利用Miedema理论和几何模型计算了二元合金系La M ,Ni M和三元合金系LaNi5-xMx(M =Co ,Mn ,Al,Cr ,Fe,Cu)的生成焓。对二元合金系 ,计算结果与已有实验结果在xM ≥ 70 % (摩尔分数 )范围符合得较好 ;三元合金系计算结果表明 ,当分别添加合金组元Mn ,Co ,Cr,Fe和Cu时 ,LaNi5-xMx 的生成焓不同程度地增大 ,其中Cr ,Fe和Mn的影响较大 ,而添加Al时生成焓明显减小。讨论了生成焓对合金高温氢化时发生歧化反应的影响 ,合金的生成焓越大 ,越有利于歧化反应。     

铝-稀土金属间化合物形成焓的计算

详细分析了二元铝-稀土金属间化合物的形成焓的Miedema计算值和文献报道数据的误差分布.结果表明,计算值相比于文献中实验数据普遍呈现负偏差.为此,计算研究中需要针对铝-稀土元素重要的影响因子--稀土原子与铝原子的半径比来修正热力学计算模型.对铝-稀土金属间化合物的系列计算结果及其误差分析说明,修正的Miedema模型计算值更加接近实验值,误差由原来的36%缩小到目前的5%.并利用MTDATA热力学计算软件部分验算计算结果,证明依据新模型的热力学计算预测更加准确可靠.用新模型计算了常见的铝-稀土金属间化合物的形成焓,同时也计算了Al-Er,Al-Tb,Al-Gd 等研究数据缺乏的铝-稀土金属间化合物的形成焓.     

Ti-Al合金熔体与氧化物陶瓷界面反应的热力学分析(英文)

研究CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Y2O3与熔融Ti及Ti合金之间的界面反应热力学。根据氧化物在Ti合金熔体中的溶解反应机制建立热力学模型,通过热力学分析预测各氧化物相对于Ti-Al(0≤x(Al)≤0.5)合金的热力学稳定性。根据氧化物坩埚熔炼实验结果来研究氧化物与Ti-xAl合金熔体的界面反应,对熔炼效果进行定量分析,发现随着合金中Al含量的提高和熔体温度的降低,合金中杂质元素含量成比例的减少,这与氧化物稳定性计算结果一致。     

Mechanical behaviors of alumina ceramics doped with rare-earth oxides

The effects of three types of additives Y₂O₃, La₂O₃, and Sm₂O₃ on the sintering and mechanical behaviors of alumina ceramics were investigated. The bending strengths of alumina ceramics with Sm₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ additions were 455 and 439 MPa, respectively, higher than that with La₂O₃ addition. The fracture toughness of the ceramics with Sm₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ were also higher than that with La₂O₃ addition. The fracture mode of rare earth oxides doped alumina ceramics exhibited obvious transgranular fractures as well as intergranular fracture. The results of research show that the improvement of bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina ceramics with rare earth oxides was achieved by refining the grain size and strengthening the grain boundary.     

Ab initio Studies on Magnetism of 3d Transition Metal Dimers

Ab initio calculations with the self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method (FLAPW), under generalized gradient approximation, have been carried out to describe the electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal dimers. It predicted the antiferromagneticity of Cr2 and ferromagneticity of other species. The Mn2 dimer was shown to be ferromagnetic coupling with a local magnetic moment of 5μB, retaining the value of its free atom state. The V2 and Ni2 exhibited low spin-polarization with local magnetic moment of only 1μB per atom. On the other hand, Fe2 and Co2 were highly spin-polarized with local magnetic moments of 3 and 2μB.     

稀土Eu掺杂对金属氧化物涂层阳极电催化性能的影响

通过掺杂实验发现稀土Eu的添加有利于提高金属氧化物涂层阳极的电催化性能,X射线衍射的结果表明稀土缺氧氧化物Eu3O4的形成是电催化性能提高的主要原因。Eu掺杂成型工艺表明较高的热分解温度有利于晶粒的细化,使电极具有好的电催化性能,最佳温度值在500℃左右;Eu的添加量在主溶液离子浓度与稀土离子浓度之比为10：2时最佳。EDX扫描分析的结晶表明用化学溶液涂覆法制备的涂层成分分布均匀。     

Microstructure and electrical properties of Lu2O3-doped ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics

Lu2O3-doped ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics samples were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide route and sintered at temperatures in the range of 900-1 000°C,and the microstructures of the varistor ceramics samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM);at the same time,the electrical properties and V-I characteristics of the varistor ceramics samples were investigated by a DC parameter instrument for varistors.The results show that the ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics with 0.3%Lu2O3(molar fraction)sintered at 950°C exhibit comparatively ideal comprehensive electrical properties.The XRD analysis of the samples shows the presence of ZnO,Bi-rich,spinel Zn7Sb2O12 and Lu2O3-based phases.     

Analysis of rare earth elements in high purity europium oxide

Five trace impurities as Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, and Dy are separated from europium oxide with P507 extraction resin by extraction chromatography. When determined simultaneously by ICP-AES, the impurities show their recovery ratios between 88% and 105%. A lower than 10% relative standard deviation of these elements is obtained when their contents in europium oxide are 5μg/g. The satisfactory results indicate this simple method is sensitive and accurate. It has been employed in the analysis of these five rare earth elements in 99.99% europium oxide.     

纳米稀土氧化物对7075铝合金硬度和耐磨性的影响

对于超硬铝合金7075，本文通过加入纳米稀土氧化物来提高其硬度。在本次实验中加入纳米稀土氧化物的含量为0．2％，原铝合金7075和改性后的铝合金7075作硬度对比，结果加入纳米稀土氧化物的铝合金7075硬度较原铝合金7075提高22．4％。在干摩擦磨损测试中，加入纳米稀土氧化物的7075铝合金磨痕宽度比原铝合金7075小。     

稀土氧化物对焊缝微观组织和性能的影响及作用机理

研究了稀土添加剂氧化钇对焊缝微观组织、化学成分以及焊缝金属力学性能的影响,并分析了氧化钇的作用机制.试验研究结果表明,氧化钇对细化焊缝组织、改善夹杂物形状和分布状态、降低熔敷金属中硫含量和扩散氢含量以及提高焊缝金属低温冲击性能等方面具有明显作用.     

稀土在直接甲醇燃料电池铂基催化剂中的应用及研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)以其高效、低污染的特点而备受关注。铂基电催化剂被认为是DMFC阳极的有效催化剂。但由于在甲醇氧化过程中铂的活性中心容易被产生的中间产物如CO等吸附和堵塞,导致催化活性降低,稳定性差,严重制约了直接甲醇燃料电池推广应用。稀土元素由于其4f轨道独特的电子结构和相应的镧系收缩效应,在铂基电催化剂中可有效提高铂催化剂的活性和耐久性。本文简要总结近年来稀土氧化物作为铂基电催化剂的助催化剂、碳材料掺杂改性剂和载体在甲醇氧化反应中的催化活性和抗CO中毒能力应用研究,以及铂-稀土金属(Pt-RE)纳米合金催化剂对DMFC长期运行稳定性的影响;并对稀土元素在铂基电催化剂中的应用发展提出了展望。     

LY12铝合金氧化膜与钎剂的反应机制

采用CsF-AlF3中温无腐蚀钎剂能够去除LY12铝合金表面复杂的氧化膜, 实现LY12铝合金的中温钎焊.研究发现: 改进的CsF-AlF3钎剂是以反应、溶解方式去除氧化膜的; 在去膜过程中, CsF化合物起主要去膜作用, 钎剂的高活性与NH4F、NH4AlF4及复合盐熔体等化合物的存在有关, 它们的存在可提高CsF-AlF3钎剂的去膜能力, 而HF的生成则是诱发和加速反应、提高溶解去膜能力的关键;微量稀土元素镧未在界面出现富集现象,微量的稀土氟化物则起着"助溶"的作用.     

Reaction behavior between the oxide film of LY12 aluminum alloy and the flux

In this paper, the brazing mechanism of LY12 aluminum alloy at middle range temperature was presented. The CsF-AlF3 non-corrosive flux was utilized to remove the complex oxide film on the surface of LY12 aluminum alloy. The resultsrevealed that the oxide film was removed by the improved CsF-AlF3 flux accompanied with the occurrence of reaction as well as dissolution and the compounds CsF played an important role to remove the oxide film. Actually, the high activity of flux, say,the ability to remove the oxide film, was due to the presence of the compounds, such as NH4F,NH4AlF4 and composite molten salt. The production of HF was the key issue to accelerate the reaction and enhance to eliminate the oxide film by dissolution.It was found that the rare earth element La at small percentage was not enriched at the interface. Moreover, the rare earth fluoride enhanced the dissolution behavior.     

不同稀土氧化物对ODS-W和ODS-Mo合金粉末形貌和尺寸的影响（英文）

采用喷雾法(固液混合法)结合炭黑和氢气还原,成功合成含有不同类型纳米氧化物粒子的超细Mo(ODS-Mo)和W(ODS-W)粉末。结果表明,溶液浓度和稀土氧化物种类对ODS-Mo合金粉末的晶粒尺寸没有影响,但对ODS-W合金粉末的晶粒尺寸有明显的影响。所用稀土溶液浓度越高,ODS-W合金粉末的平均晶粒尺寸越小。此外,与掺杂CeO₂相比,掺杂La₂O₃和Y₂O₃的WO₃的还原产物晶粒尺寸相对较大。与未掺杂情况相比,ODS-Mo合金粉末的晶粒尺寸几乎没有变化,而ODS-W合金粉末的晶粒尺寸变大。这可能是由于钨氧化物与稀土氧化物反应形成的复合氧化物(如La₂WO₆)的出现,促进ODS-W还原过程中钨晶粒的异相成核和长大;而在ODS-Mo的还原过程中,不存在由钼和稀土氧化物组成的复合氧化物。