基于属性分布相似度的超图高维聚类算法研究

在许多聚类应用中,数据对象是具有高维、稀疏、二元的特征。传统聚类算法无法有效地处理此类数据。该文提出一种基于超图模型的高维聚类算法,通过定义对象属性分布特征向量和对象间属性分布相似度,建立超图模型,并应用超图分割法进行聚类。聚类结果通过簇内奇异特征值进行评价。实验结果和算法分析表明,该算法可以有效地进行聚类知识挖掘。     

基于无向超图的多蚁群聚类组合算法

介绍了一种基于无向超图的多蚁群聚类组合算法,该算法将单蚁群聚类算法的结果聚类组合成多蚁群聚类算法,用无向超图表示,结合超图划分算法Hmetis得到最终的聚类结果。文中给出了实验数据集和实验结果,证明该算法可以提高聚类效果并且减少孤立点。     

基于超图和样本自表征的谱聚类算法*

针对传统谱聚类算法仅考虑数据点对点间的相互关系而未考虑数据间可能隐藏的复杂的相关性的问题,提出一种基于超图和自表征的谱聚类方法。首先,建立数据的超图,得到超图的拉普拉斯矩阵表示;然后,利用L2,1-范数对样本进行行稀疏自表征,同时融入超图来描述数据间多层次的相互关系;最后,利用生成的自表征系数进行谱聚类。利用基于超图的样本自表征技术考虑了样本之间复杂的相关性。通过在Hopkins155等数据集上的实验表明,在聚类错误率评判标准下,算法优于现有基于普通图的谱聚类算法SSC、SRC等。     

基于大数据的超图聚类分析和研究

由于传统遗传算法应用到多维数据关联规则挖掘时出现的早熟收敛和后期收敛速度慢等问题,本文阐述了大数据下依据三维模型对超图聚类的分析,采用了一种三维模型对超图聚类进行研究.利用数据挖掘知识和协同化算法以及关联规则进一步分析超图.实验结果表明本文所采用的三维矩阵数学模型和相关的数据挖掘算法能够从调研数据中发现新高质量知识     

不完备文本信息系统的集对分析聚类算法

考虑到实验数据的大规模性及不完备性等特点,根据集对分析理论,提出一种新超图模型不完备文本系统的聚类算法,即在超图边的权重中引入了集对的同异反联系度和集对的相似联系度并建立了超图模型,最后应用超图分隔法进行聚类.该算法克服了传统聚类算法的缺陷,更有效地降低了文本空间的维数,提高了不完备文本信息系统聚类的精度和速度.最后的实例说明了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于超图正则化非负Tucker分解的图像聚类算法

针对非负张量分解应用于图像聚类时忽略了高维数据内部几何结构的问题,在经典的张量非负Tucker分解的基础上,添加超图正则项以尽可能多地保留原始数据的内在几何结构信息,提出一种基于超图正则化非负Tucker分解模型HGNTD。通过构造超图刻画数据内部样本间的高阶关系,提高几何结构描述的准确性,针对超图正则化非负张量分解模型,基于交替非负最小二乘法,设计快速有效的超图正则化非负Tucker分解算法求解所给模型,证明算法在非负的条件下是收敛的,最终将算法应用于图像聚类。在Yale和COIL两个常用公开数据集上的实验结果表明,相对于k-means、非负矩阵分解、图正则化非负矩阵分解、非负Tucker分解和图正则化非负Tucker分解等算法,超图正则化非负Tucker分解算法聚类准确度提升了8.6%~11.4%,归一化互信息提升了2.0%~7.5%,具有更好的聚类效果。     

一种基于垂直分布的非数值数据聚类算法

在本文中，我们提出了一种新的非数值数据聚类算法-VBCCD．VBCCD算法由关系表计算关系的一维分割，再由关系的分割来构造一个超图，而后通过超图分割算法，对构造出来的超图进行优化分割，得到最终的聚类结果。试验结果表明，该算法比传统的针对数值数据设计的聚类算法有更好的效果。     

基于数据场的粗糙聚类算法

聚类分析是数据挖掘的研究热点.传统的聚类算法都是把一个对象精确地划分到一个聚类簇中,类别之间的界限是非常精确的.随着Web挖掘技术的发展,精确地划分每个对象的聚类算法面临着巨大的挑战.根据数据场理论和经典粗糙集理论所具有处理不精确与不确定性数据的特性,提出一种新的基于数据场的粗糙聚类算法,该粗糙聚类算法采用势值作为对象的划分依据,避免传统粗糙聚类算法一贯采用基于欧氏距离的划分方法.算法首先通过对数据对象进行粗分然后再不断迭代细分,直至形成稳定的聚类簇.实验分析过程中,把提出的算法与粗糙K-means算法和粗糙K-medoids算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法在交叉数据集上具有较好的聚类效果,而且收敛速度较快.     

一种多蚁群聚类组合算法研究及其应用

首先对一种单蚁群聚类算法作了改进,然后模仿多蚁群的协作性能,将运动速度各异的多个蚁群独立且并行地进行聚类分析,并将其聚类结果组合为超图,然后再用蚁群算法对超图进行二次划分,并得到了4个数据库的测试结果.     

基于超图切割的半监督学习和聚类算法

本文针对超图切割上的半监督学习和聚类算法进行了研究;首先,通过对超图切割和超边展开法及其切割函数的讨论,引入了超图上的总变异作为超图切割的洛瓦兹扩展,并在此基础上提出了一组正则化函数,它对应于图上的拉普拉斯型正则化;然后,基于正则化函数族提出了半监督学习方法,并基于平衡超图切割提出了谱聚类方法;为了求解这两个学习问题,将它们转化为求解凸优化问题,并为此提出了一种主要组成部分为近端映射的可扩展算法,从而实现半监督学习和聚类;仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的基于超图切割实现的半监督学习和聚类方法相比于经典的超边展开法和其他图切割方法有更好的标准偏差和聚类误差性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.