环境友好过程的建模和多目标优化

以环境和经济为目标的过程设计是过程系统工程的重要研究内容。为有效地实施环境友好过程设计,有必要从系统的角度来考虑和研究过程建模和优化问题。本文从物质变化、能量利用、环境影响、经济效益等角度对过程结构进行重新分析,得出多目标问题宏结构,并对其7种模块建立了线性模型。提出了以环境影响最小和经济效益最大为目标的多目标优化模型,多目标模型的求解采用搜索寻优和多目标决策相结合的求解策略。最后以反应系统为例,对环境友好过程建模和优化进行实例研究,     

确定TSP全局最优解部分边的蒙特卡罗模型

旅行商问题求解模型和方法具有广泛的理论和应用价值,如何简化问题是提高问题求解效率的有效手段之一.通过对问题优化解集及优化解之间关系和性质分析,建立了高概率确定问题全局最优解中部分边的蒙特卡罗模型.利用该模型建立的算法可减少问题求解需进一步确定的边数量,也可用于对问题初始边集进行裁减,从而降低了问题的求解难度,提高各类基于边求解算法的计算效率,具有广泛的普适性.本文提出的模型可泛用于各种规模旅行商问题的求解中.     

虚拟现实技术在码头布局设计中的应用

使用MultiGen Creator软件,建立码头场号中各三维模型的数据层次结构,并对该数据层次结构进行优化布置。采用了可见性判定和合理的消隐技术,加快了模型数据截取和绘制的速度。利用LOD技术和几何简化插件,通过三角形网格简化算法对模型进行优化,并结合Morphing技术,利用线性插值解决了LOD模型转换过程中的突变。开发了码头布局的软件,通过对象拾取、模型动态调用和多种漫游实现了码头动态布局。     

多卫星区域观测任务的效率优化研究

多颗对地观测卫星对区域目标进行观测的效率优化问题涉及到时间窗口、存储容量、地面分辨率等诸多因素,是一个十分复杂的优化问题。在分析该问题的特点的基础上,首先对原始数据进行仿真预处理,通过STK仿真软件计算处理难以量化的时间窗口等复杂的约束条件;然后在仿真的输出数据的基础之上建立数学优化模型。在模型求解问题上,通过对问题特点的分析,提出并实现了遗传算法。最后通过一个想定实例验证了模型和算法的求解的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的选煤工艺参数优化

对选煤生产过程优化目标进行了分析,采用以经济效益为目标,建立了优化工艺参数与优化目标间的关系模型,该模型是非线性的。选煤生产过程工艺参数优化就是指在市场需求、资源配置,生产能力等条件下,选择最合适的分选密度和分选灰分,获得最大经济效益。遗传算法利用生物进化机制,在一个较大的初始解空间中,通过优胜劣汰的方法进行优化求解,和其他优化方法相比不仅寻优能力强而且计算速度快。基于遗传算法对选煤生产过程工艺参数进行了优化操作,根据具体情况,采用特定的遗传操作。仿真结果表明,优化后的工艺参数能获得最大的经济效益。     

基于线性孪生支持向量机的特征选择方法

提出了一种基于线性孪生支持向量机（TWSVM）的嵌入式特征选择方法。该方法在构造分类器的过程中,通过在TWSVM原有优化模型中引入一个惩罚项,来实现特征选择。在求解过程中,采用交替迭代优化方法将该模型求解问题分解成两个子问题来处理,即标准TWSVM优化问题和关于特征权重的非线性约束优化问题,并分别对子问题进行有效求解。在UCI数据集上对算法进行了仿真分析和比较,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于简化模型的T型微反应器设计

分析T型微反应器内流体混合程度和反应产物收率的常用方法:是建立计算流体动态模型,也就是CFD模型,可是这种模型不适用于微反应器的优化设计,因为利用CFD模型进行优化计算需要的大量的计算时间。本研究开发了一个描述T型微反应器流体流动状态的简化模型,通过假设边界条件和假设扩散系数的设定来计算微反应器内反应产物收率。其中假设边界条件用来描述强混合效果在反应通道入口处的流动状态,假设扩散系数用来描述混合效果在流动路径上的变化。本研究依据此简化模型,确立了一种优化设计方法:,用来设计具有最优尺寸的T型微反应器。优化问题的目标函数是最大反应产物收率,优化约束包括反应通道尺寸约束和操作压力约束。在求解过程中,首先建立尺寸约束边界条件下的CFD模型,然后依据CFD模型计算结果:,求解简化模型中的未知参数。将建好的简化模型作为优化问题的等式约束,最后求出最优的T型微反应器。简化模型和优化设计方法:的有效性通过一个快速平行串联反应在微反应器中的反应过程来验证。简化模型的优化设计结果:和CFD模型验证结果:高度一致。     

雷达装备测试性设计优化技术

针对雷达装备测试性优化设计的实际技术需求,对雷达测试性优化设计过程进行了分析。以雷达装备各阶段数据为基础,综合考虑测试效能、测试代价、可靠性约束等要素,研究了基于测试代价和测试效能的测试性优化方法,并给出了基于最小测试代价的雷达系统测试性优化模型。针对模型多目标优化求解问题,给出了一种基于改进的粒子群优化算法。该算法引入混沌理论,使初始种群呈现多样性,避免了传统粒子群算法的早熟现象,同时提高了搜索的精度和速度。通过对案例的仿真与验证表明,利用这种改进的粒子群算法对基于最小测试代价的测试性优化模型进行求解时,能够在满足模型目标函数的约束条件下,获得全局最优解。     

基于自适应稀疏监督典型相关分析的特征选择

特征选择旨在识别高维数据最具信息性的特征,以实现高维数据的低维表示。稀疏监督典型相关分析模型利用样本的监督数据,通过提取具有最大相关性的稀疏典型向量实现特征选择。但是,为了求解方便,该模型一般把优化目标从典型变量的相关系数组合简化为协方差组合,此简化将导致较大的特征选择偏差。针对这一问题,提出一种新的基于自适应稀疏监督典型相关分析的特征选择模型。该模型引入一组自适应权重系数,有效解决了“两两协方差的不公平组合”问题,提高了模型的特征选择能力。实验结果验证了模型的有效性和特征选择的准确性。     

基于数据的湿法冶金全流程操作量优化设定补偿方法

湿法冶金过程具有反应机理复杂、工艺流程长、工序众多等特点,由于模型误差等因素,基于模型得到的生产过程最优工作点不是实际生产过程的最优工作点.如何保持湿法冶金生产流程运行在经济效益最优的状态成为生产优化控制的难点.本文提出了一种基于数据的湿法冶金过程操作量优化设定补偿方法.该方法在基于模型得到的最优工作点基础上,采用即时学习（Just-in-time learning,JITL）的思想,在当前工作点附近利用历史数据建立操作量补偿值和经济效益增量的相关模型,优化求解在当前工作点下,使经济效益增量最大化的操作量补偿值,施加到生产流程,并在新工作点进行迭代补偿.将所提出的方法仿真应用于某精炼厂的湿法冶金生产流程,仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.