Infrastructures for disorder. Applying Sennett’s notion of disorder to the public space of social housing neighbourhoods

This paper contributes to the debate on whether introducing too much order into urban regeneration processes hinders social life and interaction in the public space. It engages with Sennett’s call for introducing certain kinds of disorder into city life. While this debate has been addressed in urban literature, many urban regeneration processes in social housing neighbourhoods have attempted to remove all kinds of disorder from the city, thus removing urban life from the streets. This paper proposes ‘infrastructures for disorder’: strategies for intervention that create conditions for the unplanned use of the public realm in social housing estates.     

Anatomy of a successful high street shopping centre

High street shopping centres are at the core of cities. The continuing design challenge is to adapt a built environment inheritance to meet the present commercial needs of retailers, maximize the potential of the physical environment and address the social amenities that are expected from a city/town centre public realm. This paper addresses the question of what makes a successful high street shopping centre and seeks to understand the relationship between property values, location, physical characteristics, diversity of retailing and use, and social vitality in two successful city centre retailing environments. The research also demonstrates the blurring between commercial and public space, and supports Carmona’s argument that successful social space also creates economic value.     

Public Works

While architecture has traditionally defined the limits between public and private, the public realm is not merely a by-product of architecture and urbanism. It is an actively constructed physical, political, and social space whose parameters are constantly being renegotiated. Performative architectures in the public realm seek to create environments that call attention to this negotiated status, engaging the public in interactive scenarios, responsive contexts, and constructed agencies.     

社会网络视角下办公型社区公共空间的有效性分析

公共空间并非存在就是合理的,在空间的社会性作用下,不恰当的空间形式会对社区产生诸多不良影响,与此同时,某些能产生较大社会效益的公共空间却由于不符合眼前利益而常常被忽视。因此,相对于具体的设计方法,如何判断社区公共空间有效更为关键。文章尝试以社会网络作为理论视角,建构新的公共空间有效性评价框架对某建筑创作研究中心的公共空间进行实证分析,研究哪种类型的公共空间对于该社区的社会网络建构是有效的。     

Letters to the Editor

Abstract

While architecture has traditionally defined the limits between public and private, the public realm is not merely a by-product of architecture and urbanism. It is an actively constructed physical, political, and social space whose parameters are constantly being renegotiated. Performative architectures in the public realm seek to create environments that call attention to this negotiated status, engaging the public in interactive scenarios, responsive contexts, and constructed agencies.     

Towards a framework of public space governance

Public spaces are the loci of complex interactions among multiple stakeholders whose decisions and activities affect places' qualities. The paper builds upon governance theory to provide a holistic in-depth approach in understanding the complexity and quality of the place-shaping processes in public spaces. In the absence of adequate conception of governance in urban design and public spaces, the paper introduces a framework for analysing governance capacity of public spaces and applies the framework to a flagship but highly contested public space in Brisbane, Australia namely South Bank Parklands. The proposed framework encompasses four major components of 1) actors and stakeholders, 2) governance structure, 3) governing tools, and 4) governing tasks. The framework puts special emphasis on the contextual factors, the way public spaces are shaped and governed, and political economy of the space. The case study application showcases the applicability of the PSGF which helps holistically analyse the trends in public space governance structure accounting for the diversity and complexity of all elements involved. The findings reveal that South Bank Parklands governance is mix-structured, hierarchical, and highly political. It is, however, a likeable public space for which civic engagement in the decision-making processes is notably limited.     

Community in the information age: Exploring the social potential of web-based technologies in landscape architecture and community design

Critics have pointed at new technologies as culprits in the decline of civic life, neighboring and social capital construction in Western societies. When applied to community design and planning processes, technologies can empower residents to actively engage in decision-making, foster connections across social groups, with positive consequences on life and socialization in public spaces. What kind of participation do technologies foster? And is it the kind that bridges social and ideological divides? The 2012 community design process for Hawthorne Park in Medford, Oregon illustrates many of the challenges and opportunities connected to the use of new technologies in design. In the process, technologies were instrumental in enlisting a larger-than-usual number of residents to participate in the design of the park. Blogs and online questionnaires were successful in gathering people's thoughts on the design choices being made, but also favored a limited, intermittent form of engagement. The results are synthesized in principles for the successful integration of web-based technologies in future community design efforts: adaptability, full participation, nuanced participation and the need for links to the physical realm.     

社会恢复性城市主义：社会导向下的城市设计原则与实践

介绍一种社会导向的城市设计框架——社会恢复性城市主义的实际应用原则和方法。聚焦于社会、空间和物质维度在城市领域的整合,为思考城市空间结构与社会过程之间的关系提供了新的方式。从这一点来看,社会恢复性城市主义与越来越多的、倡导能够有效回应城市环境的学科理论产生了共鸣,并作出了自己的贡献。社会恢复性城市主义的特殊性在于它是基于城市领域体验维度的形成性研究,鼓励在城市环境变化过程中的包容性、参与式实践,并强调人境的互动对实现城市环境社会效益的重要性。概述了社会恢复性城市主义发展研究的几项核心内容,包括体验式景观（experiential landscape）、体验学过程（experiemic process）、MYTO（我的、你的、我们的、他们的）以及此项研究在人境研究国际协会（IAPS）的“新时代的老城市：城市设计的综合空间社会性方法”（New-Aging Cities: An Integrated Socio-Spatial Approach to Urban Design）研讨会中发表的成果,并进一步说明了这些成果是如何影响人境一体化概念的发展。这一背景促使社会恢复性城市主义逐渐发展,并在实践中应用在城市街景的社会维度——过渡性边缘和微环境。最后,基于社会空间城市主义研究中心（SsUU）的构建,提出了社会恢复性城市主义进一步发展的前景。     

GREAT,GOOD, AND DIVIDED: THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC SPACE IN RIO DE JANEIRO

ABSTRACT: At a time when cities, particularly large Latin American cities, are increasingly polarized and overcome with violence, and public space has long been pronounced dead, an exceptionally vibrant public realm survives in Rio de Janeiro. In the elite beach neighborhood of Ipanema, residents spend a large part of their free time in public: on the street corner, in bars, and on the beach. Ipanema has a proliferation of what Ray Oldenburg calls “third places” where neighbors, friends, and colleagues plug into and out of an ongoing public social life. But below the idyllic surface lies a conflictual social space stratified along race and class lines. Through an analysis of the discursive construction of the beach, the politics of beach access, and a 15‐year old tradition of beach riots, I question the notion—popularized by Oldenburg and others—of public space as the location of an organic civil society that greases the wheels of commerce, promotes democracy, and solves its own problems in the common interest. Rather, I argue that Rio's famous beach neighborhoods are a key arena of the public sphere where the terms of Rio's unjust social order are challenged, negotiated, and largely reproduced. Nevertheless, Ipanema's public space represents political possibility for the otherwise excluded majority.     

Matters of becoming,experimental zones for making museums public with social media

Making things public challenges existing matters of concern and, in design, may also be about changing them. This paper advances the concept of translation from early ANT literature and explores it in order to support co-designing for making things public. We elaborate on how translations may be understood as moves and transformations of practices and objects that require both time and learning. We discuss how translations may include the emerging, situated, fluid, enacted, experiential and the material, and suggest co-design to rethink translation as a temporal process of learning and ‘becoming’. Our aim is to demonstrate a mutual theoretical influence between ANT and co-design. Our conceptual reflection is based on a museum design case where museum staff and the authors explore new communicational modes of social media. The project established a longitudinal ‘experimental zone’ as space and time for design in the everyday practice of the museum. The paper reflects upon the value of ANT as a framework for rethinking the design–use divide using concepts of learning and translations to bring awareness of co-design as temporal, fluid and emerging processes of becoming.     

Reflections on Computational Design Through Interactions With Materiality and Physical Mock-Ups

Abstract

The “Medium is the Message” is an environmental art installation project intended to explore the interrelationship of art and democracy upon the platform of public space. The various attempts at instigating dialogue and public engagement have served to demonstrate Michael Sorkin's premise that “the accommodation of differences is the key project of contemporary democracy.” This active engagement in contemporary social issues provides a framework for deeper understanding of academic knowledge in the design professions and opens up potential for its future application, unveiling public space as the critical stage upon which positions of identity are established and negotiated.     

The Clubs of St. James's: places of public patriarchy - exclusivity, domesticity and secrecy

This paper explores the notion of gendered space through varying configurations of public and private with specific reference to a number of clubs in early nineteenth century London's St. James's. The male-only venue of the club is considered to represent public masculinity through two forms of male control over space; first, patriarchal mechanisms which exclude women and second, fraternal mechanisms which exclude certain men. The paper outlines how the male club also operated as a private space within the public realm, both as a space of intimacy and domesticity rivalling the familial home, and as a site of private property and exclusivity. The male clubs of St. James's, specifically the four at the top of St. James's Street; Boodle's, Brooks's, Crockford's and White's, were frequented by men of the same class who used their control of space to assert social and political allegiances and rivalries between men. The exclusivity of the first floor gambling room, a place of secrecy and privacy, is contrasted with the ground floor bow window, a site of public display and exclusivity. Male leisure pastimes, such as drinking, sporting, gambling, are explored as social and spatial practices which, by establishing shared codes of consumption, display and exchange, represent public masculinities.     

面向老龄化的城市设计——“柔软城市”的再阐述

伴随着建筑学对于老龄化问题研究与实践的拓展,针对老年人的工作必将由单纯适应身心功能衰退向解决社会关系萎缩拓展,由创造适合老年人生活的居住环境向促进老年人社会交往自我实现的城市空间拓展.本文针对当前城市发展中普遍的推倒重来的城市更新、大规模的成片开发以及高密度的建设模式等现象对于老年人社会生活的阻碍,提出了面向老龄化的四条城市设计原则街区记忆中心、城市尺度网格、立体公共空间和峡谷生态系统.     

当代城市景观叙事性设计策略

为使城市公共空间与人们的情感体验紧密联系,必须唤起场所认同,增强参与性,这已成为当代设计师关注的热点。引介语言文学领域中"叙事"这一概念,从语汇、结构、表达媒介三个方面入手,将文学叙事手法引入空间设计,融合文学与空间。通过类比分析法,提出当代城市景观的叙事性设计策略。该项研究以独特的视角为城市景观设计提供了一个开阔的视野和深化研究的有效途径,以期为探索相应的设计方法奠定基础。     

48 基于分类矩阵的街道定位及设计框架 研究——伦敦《街道景观指南(2019)》及 相关实践解读

新版伦敦《街道景观指南(2019)》(以下简称《指 南》)通过构建基于移动性与场所性的街道分类矩阵框架， 精准定位街道功能与服务优先性，使得街道设计从单纯追求 交通网络效率转变为复合社会公共空间景观营造。根据新版 《指南》，深入解析主要内容与编制更新机制，剖析分类矩 阵认知框架构成及其在街道规划设计中的作用。结合实际应 用案例，反映《指南》及相关引导的实施情况。针对国内街 道景观设计引导提出应当构建顶层框架，明确街道分类，优 化街道指南编制完善引导体系，并提出案例机制提升指南可 操作性的建议。     

西方城市公共空间理论——探索全面的公共空间理念

指出公共空间虽广泛被认为是城市规划和城市设计学科的重要关注对象,但对于其跨学科的概念和研究方法国内学术界还未形成清晰的共识。文章通过对西方城市及相关学科领域的公共空间理论文献的回顾,对其中主要研究角度和主要理论进行了分析,以期形成较完整的公共空间的理论框架,并有助于全面了解公共空间的价值。     

城市公共空间共鸣环境的多维度研究及其理论框架建构

该文从心理学、社会学、管理学等多学科理论视角出发,首先指出城市公共空间共鸣环境的营造是城市设计的重要目标,进而对应共鸣环境的三个理论层次:使用个体与环境的共鸣、不同使用群体与环境的共鸣、不同利益群体的共鸣,从认知与行为、需求与社会、社会与管理三个方向,进行多维度理论研究.最后从空间秩序和运行保障两个层面建构出共鸣环境的...     

The Public Space and the Monuments of the City

The relationship between the public spaces of a city and those buildings which represent the significant institutions of the community—the monuments of the city—reflects both the values and the power structure of that community. It epitomises the urban design process as intrinsically both hermeneutic in nature and driven by the dominant cultural values of a society.The preamble provides a framework which contrasts the typical outcomes of democratic and autocratic decision-making processes Four case studies of major new or proposed public spaces in the two largest Australian cities are discussed. Inadequacy of consultative processes in three of these cases may in some measure account for the critical interface between the monument and the public space being reminiscent of the products of autocratic regimes, whilst the fourth is more characteristic of the outcomes expected of a democratic society.     

城市公共空间的社会属性与规划思考

城市公共空间是城市社会生活的“发生器”,在其物质表象下是活动人群社会关系特征的反映,呈现出如类聚、排斥甚至冲突等特征,其形成和重塑过程也是空间生产的社会过程。基于社会属性的视角,城市公共空间规划设计应从公平原则出发来完善其规划布局,注重城市公共空间类型的多样化以服务不同的社会人群,应注重公共空间的认知性来提升场所的特色和记忆,以增强社区归属感,并且应发挥法定规划特别是控制性详细规划编制的制度作用。城市公共空间的品质保障是促进城市社会生活更为健康和谐的重要基础。     

湖南大学校园公共空间新旧整合的研究

从空间新旧整合的角度出发对湖南大学校园公共环境进行了分析，提出了高校校园公共空间新旧整合的基本框架和具体内容，为实现高校校园公共空间的新旧整合设计提供参考。