Robust object tracking using least absolute deviation

Recently, sparse representation has been applied to object tracking, where each candidate target is approximately represented as a sparse linear combination of target templates. In this paper, we present a new tracking algorithm, which is faster and more robust than other tracking algorithms, based on sparse representation. First, with an analysis of many typical tracking examples with various degrees of corruption, we model the corruption as a Laplacian distribution. Then, a LAD–Lasso optimisation model is proposed based on Bayesian Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation theory. Compared with L1 Tracker and APG-L1 Tracker, the number of optimisation variables is reduced greatly; it is equal to the number of target templates, regardless of the dimensions of the feature. Finally, we use the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the proposed optimisation problem. Experiments on some challenging sequences demonstrate that our proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.     

Influence of material handling devices on the physical load during the end assembly of cars

The effect of using a mechanical device on physical load was analysed during the end assembly of cars. Five tasks, further sub-divided into lifting and positioning, were performed by someone experienced in working with and without the mechanical tool. A practical methodology was used: the subjective walk and talk through method, the NIOSH equation (1991), a three-dimensional goniometer (Back Tracker) and surface electromyography (EMG) of the relevant muscle groups. According to the NIOSH equation, 8 out of 10 of the tasks should only be performed by trained workers and preferably with tools. The Back Tracker revealed that the mechanical tools reduced posture angles significantly (p0.05) for installing the windows, but not for left lateroflexion during pre-assembly of windows. It was clear from the EMG analysis that using tools did not always decrease muscular activity significantly. In general, the appropriateness of each tool needs to be evaluated separately taking the subjective criteria into account.

Relevance to industry

In this study, the relevance of using a mechanical device to reduce the physical load during car assembly, is evaluated. As the tools are expensive, it is important to the industry whether they are being used and how efficient they are.     

Business process integration as a solution to the implementation of supply chain management systems

In the domain of supply chain management (SCM), various software packages have been developed for planning business strategies. To solve the problem of system productivity in applying planning packages, we propose a solution concept, business process integration (BPI), which fuses workflow and enterprise application integration (EAI) technology. Two characteristic policies are included in BPI. The first is to design the minimum set of business processes for real-time information sharing with planning packages without changing other processes. The second is to integrate several systems with EAI technology and to manage their execution with a workflow tool. Based on these policies, we propose various design templates and integration adapters. Our evaluation shows that using BPI, a target system can be developed with less manpower, in less time, and with higher quality than previous methods.     

Evaluation of realtime people tracking for indoor environments using ubiquitous motion sensors and limited wireless network infrastructure

We present the development and evaluation of a realtime indoor localisation system for tracking people. Our aim was to track a person’s indoor position using dead-reckoning, while limiting position error without depending on extensive wireless network infrastructure. The Indoor People Tracker used wearable motion sensors, a floor-plan map and a limited wireless sensor network for proximity ranging. We evaluated how the position accuracy of the Indoor People Tracker was affected by floor-plan map features, wireless proximity range and motion information. The advantage of the Indoor People Tracker was found; it was able to achieve accurate position resolution with minimal error, while not depending on wireless proximity.     

从双语语料中获取翻译模板

翻译模板自动获取是提高MT译文输出质量和领域适应能力的关键性因素。利用Tree-to-String方法抽取等价对,使用错误驱动的学习方法从中获取翻译模板并进行优化。将优化后的翻译模板用于一个基于转换的机器翻译系统中,同时使用“863”对话语料对其进行评测。实验结果表明：当使用自动获取并经优化的模板进行翻译时,开放测试语料的译文评测分数有一定程度的提高。     

手机短信3D动画中光照规划的自动生成

手机短信3D动画自动生成系统是根据发送方短信的内容,经过信息抽取、语义分析等一系列步骤,最终生成一段与短信内容匹配的三维动画并发送给接收方.动画中光照不仅能照明整个场景,还能起到烘托主题、表现氛围等作用.本文重点研究面向手机短信3D动画自动生成系统中光照的自动生成,主要从定性规划和定量计算两方面着手.定性规划的主要任务是通过本体库刻画与光照相关的主题、模板,利用规则库将主题、模板、场景、光照属性等以规则的方式关联起来.定量计算的主要工作是结合具体场景,将定性规划的信息转化为具体数据,然后调用Maya API,将定性规划的结果在Maya场景中实现.     

The use and effects of an electronic process guide and experience repository: a longitudinal study

This paper presents a consolidated view of two evaluations on the use of an electronic process guide and experience repository within a small software development company. The use and effects of the tool were studied over a period of one and a half years, first for 6 months and then 1 year after its installation, for another 5 months. The tool was used regularly and in a consistent manner in both studies but declining usage was observed in the second study. The repository remained used to retrieve mostly examples and templates but the number of retrievals of anecdotal experiences, such as lessons learned had noticeably increased. Similar benefits such as time saving and improved documentation quality were observed in both studies, with additional benefits in the second study like improved project planning and cost estimation, and easier negotiation and traceability of altered or new system requirements with clients. The initial load that users experienced in learning to use the tool was not observed in the second study. The results show that tangible benefits can be realised quickly and continued to be experienced, leading to users having higher morale and more confidence in executing their tasks.     

Trends and issues of regulative support use during inquiry learning: Patterns from three studies

This paper looks across three experimental studies that examined supports designed to assist high-school students (age 15–19) with cognitive regulation of their physics inquiry learning efforts in a technology-enhanced learning environment called Co-Lab. Cognitive regulation involves the recursive processes of planning, monitoring, and evaluation during learning, and is generally thought to enhance learning gains for students. The research synthesis described in this paper examined the usage effects of a support tool called the process coordinator (PC) on learning outcomes. This tool incorporated goal-lists, hints, prompts, cues, and templates to support the cognitive regulation skills of students during a fluid dynamics task. Students were asked to produce two learning outcomes of their investigations: system dynamics models and lab reports. Results from the three studies indicated trends in frequent use of the PC for planning activities, but low usage for monitoring and evaluation. Correlational analysis revealed two trends with regard to how these regulative activities impacted learning outcomes. First, consistent positive correlations were apparent between regulative activities and lab report scores of students and second, consistent negative correlations between the use of supports and model quality scores. Trends with regard to how task complexity, time, and student prior experience impacted these findings are also presented with suggestions for future research.     

Analysis of the initial thermal stabilization and air turbulences effects on Laser Tracker measurements

During the several last years, Laser Trackers have become more common as a measurement tool in the manufacture and assembly of large components such as aircraft wings and ship hulls, as well as for error mapping in coordinate measuring machines and machine tools. Most of these processes cannot be developed in a controlled metrological laboratory but must be implemented directly on a shop floor. Therefore, the process of stabilization of the Laser Tracker has been studied in several experimental tests, and it has been observed that the warm-up time suggested by the manufacturer is not enough. During the first hours of the measurement process two types of thermal errors significantly affect the measurements, causing inaccuracies of between 20 and 80 μm, depending on the equipment used and the positions of the measured points. These thermal errors are systematic and repeatable; therefore they can be estimated and compensated for each measurement system. Because environmental conditions on a shop floor cannot be controlled, once the Laser Tracker is stabilized, the effects of ambient air in measurements have also been studied, focusing on the effect of turbulent flows on the beam path. It has been observed that this turbulence may cause radial distance drifts on the order of micrometers, deflection of the beam trajectory and signal loss.     

Decomposition of gray-scale morphological templates using the rankmethod

Convolutions are a fundamental tool in image processing. Nonlinear convolutions are used in such operations as the median filter, the medial axis transform, and erosion and dilation as defined in mathematical morphology. For large convolution masks or structuring elements, the computation cost resulting from implementation can be prohibitive. However, in many instances, this cost can be significantly reduced by decomposing the templates representing the masks or structuring elements into a sequence of smaller templates. In addition, such decomposition can often be made architecture specific and, thus, resulting in optimal transform performance. In this paper we provide methods for decomposing morphological templates which are analogous to decomposition methods used in the linear domain. Specifically, we define the notion of the rank of a morphological template which categorizes separable morphological templates as templates of rank one. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the decomposability of rank one templates into 3×3 templates. We then use the invariance of the template rank under certain transformations in order to develop template decomposition techniques for templates of rank two     

CAPP系统中交互智能感知技术研究

针对在CAPP系统中,如何提高人机交互的智能性等问题,建立基于模板机制的工艺定制方法,并综合应用上下文感知、智能搜索等技术,实现工艺知识的智能感知,为工艺人员编辑工艺卡片,制定工艺路线及方法等提供切实有效的指导和帮助,大大提高工艺规划的交互能力和效率.     

Template-based AADL automatic code generation

Embedded real-time systems employ a variety of operating system platforms. Consequently, for automatic code generation, considerable redevelopment is needed when the platform changes. This results in major challenges with respect to the automatic code generation process of the architecture analysis and design language (AADL). In this paper, we propose a method of template-based automatic code generation to address this issue. Templates are used as carriers of automatic code generation rules from AADL to the object platform. These templates can be easily modified for different platforms. Automatic code generation for different platforms can be accomplished by formulating the corresponding generation rules and transformation templates. We design a set of code generation templates from AADL to the object platform and develop an automatic code generation tool. Finally, we take a typical data processing unit (DPU) system as a case study to test the tool. It is demonstrated that the autogenerated codes can be compiled and executed successfully on the object platform.     

Identifying and understanding urban sport areas using Nokia Sports Tracker

Current advancements in pervasive technologies allow users to create and share an increasing amount of whereabouts data. Thus, some rich datasets on human mobility are becoming available on the web. In this paper we extracted approximately 790,000 mobility traces from a web-based repository of GPS tracks—the Nokia Sports Tracker Service. Using data mining mechanisms, we show that this data can be analyzed to uncover daily routines and interesting schemes in the use of public spaces. We first show that our approach supports large-scale analysis of people’s whereabouts by comparing behavioral patterns across cities. Then, using Kernel Density Estimation, we present a mechanism to identify popular sport areas in individual cities. This kind of analysis allows us to highlight human-centered geographies that can support a wide range of applications ranging from location-based services to urban planning.     

BitTorrent下基于活跃度的传输节点选择算法

近年来,对等网络（peer to peer,P2P）因其高效的分片和分发等机制,已成为大数据高效分发的关键支撑技术。针对P2P文件分发系统BitTorrent中Tracker服务器端节点选择算法没有考虑节点活跃度的问题,提出了一种基于活跃度的Tracker服务器端节点选择算法。该算法选择出活跃度高的节点来建立一个更高效的分发网络,使之更能符合请求节点的需求,帮助请求节点更加高效地完成下载任务。实验结果表明,改进后的节点选择算法可以缩短文件的下载时间,提高网络的分发效率,提升系统的性能。     

面向代码审查的细粒度代码变更溯源方法

代码审查是现代软件分布式并行开发过程中的重要机制. 在代码评审时, 帮助代码评审者快速查看某一段源代码的演化过程, 可以让评审者快速理解此段代码变更的原因和必要性, 从而有效提升代码评审的效率与质量. 现有工作虽然提供了一些类似的代码提交历史回溯方法及对应工具, 但缺乏从历史数据中进一步提取辅助代码评审相关辅助信息的能力. 为此, 提出一个面向代码评审的细粒度代码变更溯源方法C2Tracker. 给定一段方法(函数)级别的细粒度代码变更, C2Tracker能够自动追溯到历史开发过程中修改该段代码相关的代码提交, 并在此基础上进一步挖掘其中与该段代码频繁共现修改的代码元素以及相关的变更片段, 辅助代码评审者对当前代码变更的理解与决策. 在10个著名开源项目的数据集下进行实验验证. 实验结果表明, C2Tracker在追溯历史提交的准确率上达到97%, 在挖掘频繁共现代码元素任务上的准确率达到95%, 在追溯相关代码变更片段任务上的准确率达到97%; 相比现有评审方式, C2Tracker在具体案例的代码评审效率和质量上均有较大提升, 在绝大多数的代码评审案例中被评审者认为能提供“明显帮助”或“很大帮助”.     

Modeling dynamic construction work template from existing scheduling records via sequential machine learning

Today, construction planning and scheduling is almost always performed manually, by experienced practitioners. The knowledge of those individuals is materialized, maintained, and propagated through master schedules and look-ahead plans. While historical project schedules are available, manually mining their embedded knowledge to create generic work templates for future projects or revising look-ahead schedules is very difficult, time-consuming and error-prone. The rigid work templates from prior research are also not scalable to cover the inter and intra-class variability in historical schedule activities. This paper aims at fulfilling these needs via a new method to automatically learn construction knowledge from historical project planning and scheduling records and digitize such knowledge in a flexible and generalizable data schema. Specifically, we present Dynamic Process Templates (DPTs) based on a novel vector representation for construction activities where the sequencing knowledge is modeled with generative Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNNs). Our machine learning models are exhaustively tested and validated on a diverse dataset of 32 schedules obtained from real-world projects. The experimental results show our method is capable of learning planning and sequencing knowledge at high accuracy across different projects. The benefits for automated project planning and scheduling, schedule quality control, and automated generation of project look-aheads are discussed in detail.     

Safety verification of Ada programs using software fault trees

The software fault-tree analysis technique is explained. It is then extended to allow its use on a more complex language involving such features as concurrency and exception handling. Ada is used as the example language because many safety-critical projects are using or planning to use Ada. It also contains complex, real-time programming facilities found in other languages used in these types of projects. Software fault-tree analysis uses failure-mode templates to generate the fault tree. The templates provided can be used to define the procedures for applying the technique to programs written in most other declarative languages. To explain the use of the templates an example Ada program, for a traffic-light-control system, is analyzed. The cost and practicality of the method and its implications for software reuse are assessed. The application of the safety analysis procedures to requirements modeling and specification languages is considered     

某型导弹虚拟训练系统操作训练动作设计

对视景仿真软件Vega和DI—GUY人体仿真软件进行了介绍,从工程应用的角度,阐述如何实现虚拟人在场景中的漫游,将DI—GUY人体模型做了适当的修改,提出了一种基于空间定位装置的虚拟入手臂控制方法,给出了方法的具体实现步骤,以及空间定位装置对于本系统的具体应用方法,给出了如何设计手部的碰撞检测的方法,以便进行操作动作的训练,选取要操作的对象物,并对如何应用数据手套形成手部操作训练动作进行了介绍。     

Consistent specification of interface suites in UML

The paper motivates and describes a model oriented approach for consistent specification of interface suites in UML. An interface suite is a coherent collection of interfaces defining interactions that transcend component boundaries. The specification of interface suites contains diagrammatic views and documentation, but it is extended with templates for structured specifications deriving from the ISpec approach. To guarantee that the specification views, documentation and templates are consistent, a specification model has been constructed. The model contains both structural and behavioural information, represented in the form of sequences of carefully designed tuples. The model provides the underlying structure for the tool supporting the design process. The tool directs the designer to specify all elements of the model in a consistent way. The specification is collected both by customized specification templates and by diagrams. The documentation and the diagram elements – both derived from the template information – are automatically generated. This prevents errors and provides specification consistency. Initial submission: 15 February 2002 / Revised submission: 20 September 2002 Published online: 2 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Supported by PROGRESS grant EES.5141 and ITEA DESS grant IT990211.